环境样品低水平γ放射性的活度测量

土壤中含有多种放射性核素,其中含量较高的核素有40K、226Ra、232Th和238U,以这四种的标准源为基础进行实验测量,计算各种能量所对应的全能峰的分支比和探测效率,从而计算出这些放射性核素的活度.通过实验的方法,用BH1936型低本底多道γ能谱仪作为实验仪器,把60Co和137Cs的混合放射源作为能量刻度的已知能量源,对实验仪器能量刻度,以及对标准土壤源40K、226Ra、232Th和238U的探测效率进行实验测量.以此为基础对环境样品进行了能谱分析,主要是测量和分析了环境土壤样品和建材样品的放射性活度,得到了标准源(40K、226Ra、232Th和238U)为代表的核素的比活度.     

中国大陆主要省份土壤中天然放射性核素含量分布规律研究

综合了中国大陆28个省土壤中天然放射性核素238U,226Ra,232Th和40K含量的调查结果,分析了这些天然放射性核素含量分布现状和及其分布规律,初步探讨了引起部分省份放射性核素含量偏高的主要原因.研究结果表明,中国28个省市土壤中放射性核素238U,226Ra,232Th和40K的含量按面积加权平均值分别为39.5,36.5,49.1和580.0 Bq/kg;土壤中238U,226Ra,232Th的含量随地域的变化规律基本一致,40K含量随地域的分布规律则不显著.土壤中的天然放射性核素含量与成土母岩和铀资源分布有着明显的相关性.     

某铀尾矿库中放射性核素对环境的影响

铀尾矿是铀矿水冶工艺的产物,通常存放于铀尾矿库中.铀尾矿库的放射性核素不仅有如氡及其子体以气态方式扩散进入环境,而且还能随着铀尾矿水在土壤中进行横向和纵向渗透迁移,从而对土壤、地表水和地下水等产生严重的放射性污染.通过对尾矿库、尾矿坝下游不同深度,不同距离的土壤中放射性核素(238U,232 Th,226 Ra,40K...     

Method of analyzing and measuring natural radiation nuclei in high density environmental specimen

报告了测量铝样品中天然放射性核素232Th和238U质量活度结论,即232Th质量活度为23×10-3～70×10-3Bq/g,238U质量活度为036×10-3～055×10-3Bq/g。同时也讨论了在测量高密度样品时样品对其本底辐射的自吸收及环境辐射的屏蔽修正问题,实验表明测量方法可行。     

大亚湾海域沉积物中放射性γ谱分析测定

本文报导了γ能谱相对比较法测量海洋沉积物中放射性核素238U、226Ra、232Th、40K和137Cs等方法,并进行了2005年和2006年夏季大亚湾海域三个站位沉积物γ谱测定,对结果进行分析,为今后大亚湾海域辐射环境监测提供基础。     

放射性废物库周围放射性污染的测试与评估

在库周围距中心不同距离及距库8km采集土壤和植物样品,经HPGe探头的r能谱仪测试,得出的结果,经比较说明该库周围~(40)K、~(226)Ra、~(232)Th、~(238)U的含量属于自然界中天然存在的正常范围。     

江西省主要建筑类型及建筑材料中天然辐射的研究

本文报道了各种建筑物内、外γ射线贯穿辐射的照射量率,测定了不同类型建筑材料中放射性~(238)U、~(232)Th、~(226)Ra及~(40)K的比活性,并给出了室内(外)~(222)Rn及其子体浓度的测定数据;论及了因不同类型建筑材料及建筑物所引起的射线辐照致人体有效剂量当量及附加剂量当量的估算结果.     

新疆伊犁盆地北缘煤炭重点开发区天然放射性水平评价

利用γ能谱仪对新疆伊犁盆地北缘600 km~2面积土壤的天然放射性核素进行了现场测量,计算γ射线空气吸收剂量率和年有效剂量,研究结果显示,该地区土壤中放射性核素~(238)U,~(232)Th和~(40)K比活度分别为11.12~462.26 Bq/kg,8.08~100.53 Bq/kg,62.6~1774.71 Bq/kg;γ射线空气吸收剂量率为16.06~241.59 nGy/h,均值为74.18 nGy/h,低于全国(81.50 nGy/h)和世界(80.00 nGy/h)的均值;γ外照射年有效剂量在国家标准限量控制的范围内。调查区~(238)U,~(232)Th,~(40)K比活度与局部煤层及其顶板铀矿化出露关系比较密切,但煤层及其顶板(如泥岩)铀矿化厚度和产出规模有限,其对放射性环境的影响具有范围小、不均匀特征。     

浅析侏罗系地层中放射性核素对煤田开发环境的影响

本文论述侏罗系地层中铀作为放射性伴生矿产赋存于煤层的顶部、或顶底板砂岩中,在煤田开发过程中会遇到放射性核素238U,232Th、226Ra衰变产生的氡(222Rn)及子体总α及总β形成的内辐射和伽玛(γ)射线产生的外辐射,因核辐射看不见、摸不着,闻不到,如不重视、高浓度氡、高强度伽玛(γ)射线对生产者轻者造成放射性职业病,重者带来生命危险,对生产带来重大危害,建议煤田开发过程中应加强放射性核辐射监测及防护,对促和谐、求安全、谋发展具有重要意义,尤其对新疆伊犁盆地,鄂尔多斯盆地及其周边(宁夏东部)煤田开发有战略意义。     

芒萁——一种新发现的~(226)Ra和~(232)Th富集植物

通过对珠江三角洲地区的植物和土壤进行长期的野外调查,重点寻找自然条件下放射性核素富集植物.结果表明,芒萁(Dicranopteris dichotoma)地上部分镭(226Ra)和钍(232Th)的平均含量(比活度)分别为248.4和679.8 Bq·kg-1,变化范围为118.3~565.6和158.3~2 272.9 Bq·kg-1.地下部分(根)226Ra和232Th的平均含量分别为157.8和314.3 Bq·kg-1,变化范围为103.8~239.8和149.3~563.6 Bq·kg-1.对应的生物富集系数(bioconcentration factor,BCF)平均值为1.88和2.74,转移系数(translocation factor,TF)平均值为1.57和2.02.芒萁对镭和钍有显著的富集特征,这一发现为研究天然放射性核素在植物中的超富集机理和污染土壤修复提供了一种新的材料.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.