基于EXIT图的非规则LDPC码的优化设计

好的非规则LDPC码具有接近香农限的性能,构造好的LDPC码的难点在于非规则LDPC码的度分布对的优化,通过在AWGN信道下用EXIT图优化用密度进化得到的不规则LDPC码的收敛门限值,并用EXIT图分析检验该门限值的准确性,这种优化方法计算量小,与密度进化方法相比表明采用EXIT图优化得到的度分布对构成的LDPC码,其性能具有接近香农限的特性,这对于如何构造好的LDPC码具有重要的指导意义.     

EXIT图分析多进制LDPC码

多进制LDPC码是二进制LDPC码在有限域GF(q=2P)上的扩展,研究表明在相同帧长和码率下,多进制LDPC码相比二进制LDPC码具有更优异的性能.介绍了EXIT图的基本原理,分析了AWGN信道下多进制LDPC码的迭代收敛性,同时确定其门限值,为后续采用EXIT分析设计实际通信系统奠定理论基础.仿真结果表明,在同样的信通情况下,四进制规则的LDPC码的性能要优于二进制规则的LDPC码,同时也验证了EXIT图工具分析研究迭代性问题的优越性.     

基于EXIT图的IDMA系统性能分析

交织分多址接入(IDMA)技术是第四代移动通信的关键技术之一。IDMA系统采用一个简单的逐码片的迭代多用户检测接收结构,利用交织器来区分用户。用外信息传输(EXIT)图分析IDMA系统在不同的系统参数下的性能,如用户数、扩频长度、信道的信噪比。仿真结果证明,EXIT图技术能准确地分析IDMA系统的性能。     

基于EXIT图的LDPC—IDMA系统性能分析

交织多址接入(interleave-division multiple-aceess system,IDMA)技术是第四代移动通信的关键技术之一.为了使该系统更加接近多址接入的信道容量限,设计了一种基于LDPC码编码的交织多址接入(IDMA)系统.利用基于互信息的EXIT图工具,从信息论的角度对LDPC码应用于交织分多址系统的性能进行预测和分析.分析结果表明,LDPC码非常适合于IDMA系统,相比无编码系统而言,在AWGN信道下多用户的系统性能得到了明显的改善,同时也验证了EXIT图分析迭代系统性能的有效性.     

差分跳频系统编码器与频率转移函数的匹配设计

将编码的差分跳频系统等效为串行级联码,充分利用频率转移函数所产生的网格关联信息,采用软输入软输出算法,进行类Turbo串行迭代译码,能有效改善系统的误比特性能.因此,如何实现差分跳频系统串行级联结构的外编码器和频率转移函数(G函数)的匹配设计是值得深入研究的问题.基于互信息的外信息转移图(EXIT)能有效预测迭代译码的收敛特性,并根据EXIT选择适当的内、外码进行级联.采用基于互信息的EXIT图分析差分跳频串行级联结构中外编码器和G函数的外信息转移过程,提出了一种采用EXIT图选择G函数及外编码器的方法.通过对该方法的理论分析和性能仿真,结果表明,在一定的输入先验信息量条件下,信噪比越高,G函数输出互信息量越大;在给定信噪比条件下,不同G函数对应的输出互信息量随输入先验信息量增长速度不同,能有效实现对性能较好的G函数的选择;对于给定G函数,在不同外编码方式下,通过EXIT图能得到迭代译码收敛的门限值;能反应出不同编码方式下的收敛特性的好坏,从而实现外编码器和G函数的匹配设计.     

基于浅海水声信道的原模图LDPC码的设计与分析

针对浅海水声信道所带来的信号干扰和失真,研究了结构简单、纠错性能优秀、实现复杂度低的原模图(protograph-based low density parity check,PLDPC)码,发现在原模图中引入度为1的变量点以及均匀化基础矩阵行重这2种方法均可以提高PLDPC码在浅海水声信道下的性能,并在此基础上提出了新的PLDPC码设计准则。进而在浅海水声信道下,利用PEXIT(protograph extrinsic information transfer)理论分析方法,对基于不同设计准则的PLDPC码的门限值进行了分析。理论分析及系统仿真结果均表明,在所提出的准则约束下,设计出的PLDPC码在浅海水声信道下的性能优于传统PLDPC码。     

扩展原模图LDPC短码的优化构造

为设计高纠错性能且低复杂度的准循环-低密度奇偶校验(QC-LDPC)短码,提出了扩展原模图的码优化构造方法.在优化的原模图基础上,通过优化删除节点及扩展该模板校验节点为复合线性分组码扩展节点,并提升子矩阵维度来构造高效短码长QC-LDPC码.采用针对准循环基矩阵渐进边增长(PEG)扩展和准循环-改进的渐进环外消息度(QC-IACE)算法,优化搜索循环置换子矩阵偏移量,联合优化与改善码字停止集、陷阱集及围长与环分布等关系,综合提高码性能.仿真表明:所构造的QC-LDPC短码具有较好的误比特率性能,接近现有高性能随机码字,但码长较短,复杂度和编译码延迟相对较低.     

基于EXIT图的LDPIDMA系统性能分析

交织多址接入(interleavedivision multipleaceess system,IDMA)技术是第四代移动通信的关键技术之一,为了使该系统更加接近多址接入的信道容量限,设计了一种基于LDPC码编码的交织多址接入(IDMA)系统。利用基于互信息的EXIT图工具,从信息论的角度对LDPC码应用于交织分多址系统的性能进行预测和分析。分析结果表明, LDPC码非常适合于IDMA系统,相比无编码系统而言,在AWGN信道下多用户的系统性能得到了明显的改善,同时也验证了EXIT图分析迭代系统性能的有效性。     

基于EXIT图的IDMA系统性能分析

交织分多址接入（IDMA）技术是第四代移动通信的关键技术之一 。IDMA系统采用一个简单的逐码片的迭代多用户检测接收结构,利用交织器来区分用户。用外信息传输（EXIT）图分析IDMA系统在不同的系统参数下的性能,如用户数、扩频长度、信道的信噪比。仿真结果证明,EXIT图技术能准确地分析IDMA系统的性能。     

基于围长约束与EMD的低错误平层LDPC码构造方法

针对低密度奇偶校验(low-density parity-check,LDPC)码在高信噪比区域可能存在错误平层的缺点,利用渐进边增长(progressive edge growth,PEG)算法的思想,基于围长约束和额外信息度(extrinsic message degree,EMD)提出了一种围长为8的LDPC码构造方法,该方法所构造的PEG-GA-EMD(PGAE)-LDPC码不存在四环和六环且具有优越的纠错性能.仿真结果表明,该方法所构造的码率分别为0.5和0.67的PEG-GA-EMD(PGAE)-LDPC(3024,1512)码和PGAE-LDPC(1200,800)码能有效改善高信噪比区域的纠错性能,且未出现明显的错误平层.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…