等温淬火球墨铸铁的组织与旋转弯曲疲劳性能

研究了一种ｃｕ－Ｍｏ球墨铸铁经６４３Ｋ、６１３Ｋ与５５３Ｋ等温淬火后的旋转弯曲疲劳性能与组织。结果表明，等温淬火球墨铸铁的疲劳寿命随塑性的上升与强度的下降而增高。具有奥贝基体的试样有着优秀的疲劳性能。这与文献中报导的结果一致。讨论了试样的组织与疲劳寿命的关系，指出球铁中的奥贝组织与大多数钢中的上贝氏体不同，因而等温淬火后球铁与钢的疲劳强度的变化具有相反的规律。     

激光表面合金化齿轮接触强度研究

以齿轮为研究对象，用辊子模拟方法，对４５＾＃钢制试件进行激光表面铬合金化，然后与４０Ｃｒ钢调质试件和４０Ｃｒ钢高频淬火试进行接触强度对比试验。结果表明：４５＾＃钢试件经铬合金化后，其接触疲劳寿命比４０Ｃｒ钢调质试提高１１．７７倍，而与４０Ｃｒ钢高频淬火试的接触疲劳寿命相当。用扫描电研究分析其显微结构及提高接触强度的机理。     

微观组织对70Cr3Mo钢接触疲劳性能的影响

采用金相、ＳＥＭ、ＴＥＭ、ＸＲＤ等手段,研究了钢不同热处理条件下７０Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ的组织对接触疲劳性能的影响,,结果表明：７０Ｃｒ３Ｍｏ钢直接淬火＋回火条件下以孪晶马氏 主的组织的接触疲劳性能高于等温淬火＋回火条件下贝氏体的接触强度。     

中碳合金钢亚温淬火的铁素体量对接触疲劳寿命的影响

本文研究了42CrMo、45CrMnMo二种钢亚温淬火时,亚温淬火温度与未溶铁素体和先共析铁素体量及硬度的关系,测定了铁素体含量对接触疲劳寿命的影响.试验发现,亚温淬火含有铁素体时,接触疲劳寿命比不含铁素体的完全淬火的要好,随铁素体含量增加,接触疲劳性能不断提高,对于42CrMo钢,铁素体含量达到约10%,45CrMnMo达到约8%时,接触疲劳性能为最佳.     

等温贝氏体球铁滚动接触疲劳性能的研究

这是我们研究球墨铸铁滚动接触疲劳性能的第二篇报告。本文研究了稀土镁铜钼贝氏体球铁的接触疲劳性能(包括铜、钼含量和等温淬火工艺对接触疲劳性能的影响);使用光学显微镜、立体显微镜和扫描电镜对球铁的接触疲劳破坏过程作了进一步的探计;根据赫兹公式,推导出了剥落坑深度与最大接触压应力之间的关系式,并将实测的剥落坑深度与之对照,认为最大剪应力可能是等温贝氏体球铁皮下石墨尖角和非金属夹杂物处形成接触疲劳裂纹的动力。     

淬火温度对冷轧辊用86CrMoV7钢接触疲劳性能的影响

表层疲劳剥落是冷轧辊失效的主要方式之一。剥落是在接触负荷下表层裂纹萌生、扩展的断裂过程,与其组织结构及残余应力状态有关。 本文研究了淬火温度对86CrMoV7钢接触疲劳性能的影响。在840℃～950℃温度范围内淬火时,840℃淬火试样接触疲劳寿命最高;870℃淬火寿命最低。淬火温度不同,硬度在62.5～64.5HRC,残余应力在-46.7～-82.48Kgf/mm~2范围内。接触疲劳试验后硬度和     

中碳贝氏体钢滚动接触疲劳的裂纹萌生

为了优化中碳贝氏体钢支承辊的磨削换辊工艺,研究了其接触疲劳时的裂纹萌生和扩展。在JPM-1B型接触疲劳试验机上测定了水润滑条件下的接触疲劳失效寿命曲线,并以裂纹沿平行表面方向扩展为判断标准,通过解剖试样的方法测定了裂纹萌生寿命曲线。结果显示两条曲线均在最大接触应力为0.86GPa处发生弯折,裂纹萌生寿命约为失效寿命的70%～80%。在扫描电镜下对试样观察发现:当接触应力较低时垂直裂纹占主导地位,而接触应力较高时棘齿裂纹占主导地位。这两种裂纹都具有一般短裂纹的特点。     

球墨铸铁接触疲劳试验第一阶段小结

表面剥落是等温贝氏体球铗齿轮失效的主要方式。为提高球铁齿轮的使用寿命,必需研究球铁接触疲劳破坏的规律和寻找提高球铁抗剥落能力的措施。本文是球铁接触疲劳试验第一阶段工作小结。使用ZYS—6型接触疲劳试验机测定了经完全奥氏体化(奥氏体化温度910℃)与部分奥氏体化(奥氏体化温度880℃)等温淬火的普通球铁以及经上述两种奥氏体化温度等温淬火的低硫球铁的接触疲劳曲线和接触疲劳极限;研究了当试验用的工作轮由等温贝氏体球铁改为GCr15钢时,普通球铁接触疲劳极限的变化;研究了等温贝氏体球铁基体组织与接触疲劳极限之间的关系;并用金相法研究了球铁的接触疲劳破坏过程。     

B／M混合组织球铁中Si的作用研究

研究了生产B／M混合组织球铁时Si的作用。结果表明，在不添加或少量添加合金元素条件下，通过淬火处理获得B／M混合组织球铁时，球墨铸铁基体中贝氏体数量随Si含量的增加而增加，而残余奥氏体的数量则明显减少；随着Si含量的增加TTT曲线左移，这种现象不同于Si在钢中的情况。     

A633D 钢疲劳寿命的实验研究

本文介绍了Ａ６３３Ｄ钢的等概率疲劳寿命曲线（Ｐ—Ｓ—Ｎ曲线）的测定方法，为掌握Ａ６３３Ｄ钢的疲劳性能，提供了可靠性设计依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the