新型聚丙烯腈基活碳纤维非织造布的生产方法

探讨了采用特种聚丙烯纤维（PANF）与粘胶纤维（VF）混纺制备针刺非织造布，经预氧化、炭化、活化制备聚丙烯腈基活性碳纤维非织造布的生产工艺，产品性能及应用。     

高膨松性非织造布的加工方法和产品性能的分析比较

本文对三利,不同粘合加固纤维网方法(乳液喷洒法,双组分低熔点纤维和热熔粉末粘合法)所制得的高膨松非织造布的性能进行了测试,并对各生产过程特点和产品性能逆行了比较。在高膨松性非织造布的体积密度范围内,有空气对流传热机理存在。导热系数随体积密度增加而降低,在单位面积重量相同条件下,膨松度高的非织造布。织物表现厚度大,虽然导热系数高,但织物传热量较低,其绝热保暖性好。     

静电纺纳米纤维非织造布的热湿传递性能

从静电纺纳米纤维非织造布的空气体积分数出发,研究其热传递性能和湿传递性能,发现静电纺纳米纤维具有优良的保暖性和不良的透湿性.并通过实验得到一定体积分数的纳米纤维非织造布的导热系数,定量描述了纳米纤维非织造布的导热性能.分析了影响透湿性的因素,展望了它在防护性服装应用上的潜力.     

射流喷网非织造布工艺技术的研究

本文研究了最新的非织造布加固技术——射流喷网工艺,其基本原理与针刺加固相似,采用高压水针替代机械针刺,纤网在水流直接和反弹的双重作用下,纤维缠结加固。实验表明:预水刺时,各注射器的水压能量须逐个提高,纤维的缠结效果好,并提出了原料、速度、压力、温度等关健技术参数。纤网定量降低,注射器数量增加,涤纶射流非织造布机械性能比棉纤维的好,纤维种类和强力对非织造布性能有较大的影响。随着纤网定量的增加,断裂强度,撕破强度和顶破强度增加。漂白棉射流非织造布手感比涤纶纤维差,射流法非织造布的撕裂强度曲线呈锯齿形。     

非织造布纤维取向测定原理与方法综述

对非织造布纤维取向的测定原理和方法作了全面的回顾,对各种非织造布纤维取向的测定原理和方法的优缺点和应用范围进行了比较.指出了采用简便、可行和可靠的间接测量法和在线测量非织造布的纤维取向是今后研究的主要方向.     

非织造布组分配比微波检测法的研究

本文利用微波检测技术对非织造布的组分配比进行了测试研究。非织造布由不同配比的双组分(ES)纤维和蚕丝下脚料经混和,开松,梳理成网,并加热,熔融粘合而成。测试结果表明:微波谐振腔传感器检测电流示值与非织造布的配比关系曲线呈指数方程形式,指数值与组分配比呈良好的线性相关,同时,检测电流示值与非织造布强力也有一定程度的相关。     

木浆纤维水刺复合不同加固结构纤网时的流失现象

木浆纤维经气流成网后,分别与PP/PE(聚丙烯/聚乙烯)纺黏热轧非织造布、PP/PE短纤热轧非织造布、PP/PE短纤热风非织造布和涤纶水刺非织造布纤网叠合形成试样,通过水刺复合,观察水针冲击过程中不同加固纤网结构条件下木浆纤维的流失现象,研究木浆纤维的流失过程和机理,并分析非织造布纤网结构对木浆纤维流失的影响.试验表明:木浆纤维与非织造布纤网中的纤维缠结以摩擦作用为主,当水针冲击力大于纤维之间的摩擦力,纤维互相分离,木浆纤维易脱离纤网而流失;在相同压力的水针冲击条件下,木浆纤维与PP/PE纺黏热轧非织造布、PP/PE短纤热轧非织造布及PP/PE短纤热风非织造布纤网复合时其流失严重,流失率均高于8%,而涤纶水刺非织造布纤网适于与木浆纤维的缠结,木浆纤维的流失率低,仅为2.95%.     

分裂型纤维水刺非织造布的双向拉伸开纤方法

采用双向拉伸的方法对分裂型纤维水刺非织造布进行处理,研究该拉伸方法对分裂型纤维开纤效果的影响.结果表明:双向拉伸法可以有效提高分裂型纤维的开纤率;拉伸负荷越大、拉伸速度越快,则纤维平均直径越小,开纤率越高;经小负荷双向拉伸处理后,非织造布材料强力有所降低,但当拉伸负荷较大时,处理后的非织造布强力明显提高.双向拉伸开纤方法适用于交叉铺网的水刺非织造布,与化学开纤法相比,不但纤维损伤小,而且工艺简单、无环境污染.     

非织造布模压性能的探讨

本文对非织造布可模压性的关键问题,即模压品的表面折皱和成型精确性进行了探讨。提出了评价非织造布模压性能的3个指标:表面折皱、径向压缩率和吻合性。通过试验,发现胶乳粘合剂粘合非织造布模压的主要问题是制品的表面折皱,热熔粘合非织造布是成型不吻合性。热熔粘合时,模压品的热收缩较大,纤维取向对织物的变形均匀性有很大影响。在各向同性好的情况下,热熔粘合非织造布的模压性能优于乳胶粘合的。     

非织造土工布反滤性能的研究

非织造土工布具有三维的纤维网络结构，其独特的纤维网络结构是土木工程中反滤保砂的理想材料．非织造士工布在工程应用中易产生压缩变形，非织造土工布受压变形必然会影响非织造土工布的反滤性能．分析了非织造土工布在受压条件下的反滤性能，对非织造布的开发和应用具有一定的指导意义     

蛹蛋白粘胶长丝/棉交织针织物练漂工艺的研究

蛹蛋白粘胶长丝在碱性条件下将发生水解。通过单因子和多因子正交实验对蛹蛋白粘胶／棉交织针织物进行了练漂工艺的探索，讨论了各工艺因素对纤维表面蛋白质、织物强力、毛细效应、白度的影响程度，并得到了该织物最佳的练漂工艺。     

Melt rheology of poly (lactic acid) plasticized by epoxidized soybean oil

This study investigated that epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was blended as plasticizer with poly (lactic acid) (PLA) and its effects on the melt rheological properties, such as melt flow index, apparent shear viscosity, and melt strength of the blends. PLA was blended by the twin-screw plastic extruder at five mass fractions: 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% (based on PLA mass). Melt flow index (MFI) was examined with a melt flow indexer. The results indicate that the blends of PLA/ESO had higher MFI than pure PLA, except for MFI at 9% reaching to the lowest point, even lower than that of pure PLA. Melt rheological properties were studied by a capillary rheometer in a temperature range of 160–180 °C. The blends ends exhibited shear-thinning behavior and the apparent shear viscosity was well described by the power law in this shear rate region. The melt strength of PLA plasticized with 6% ESO reached the maximums. ESO was more effective in increasing the melt strength at the mass fractions less than 6%, which could toughen the blends to some extent. Therefore, the authors suggested the optimum addition level of 6%–9% ESO will get good melt rheological performance balance. Biography: XU Yuqiong (1974–), female, Ph.D., research direction: polymer composites.     

A practical artificial diet for the diamondback moth

A new artificial diet for the diamondback moth,Plutella Xylostella (L), had been selected out successfully. The diet contained the following constituents: soybean powder, wheat germ, wheat bran powder, brewer's yeast and other constituents. So far, the diamondback moth had been reared on this artificial diet for 25 generations and still mantained its normal biological characteristics. Under 25±1 C and 60%–75%RH with 12 h PH, the results of rearing the diamondback moth on the diet as follows: egg hatch, 81.3%–94.7%; survival from eggs to pupae, 55.0%–76.7%; pupal survival, 79.7%–100%; adult emergence, 80%–100%; fecundity 94.7–144. 4 eggs/♀; pupal weight, 90.4–110.8 mg/20 pupae; average days to adult: ♀, 10.2; ♂ 13.1. The diet is not only simpler on the constituents but also have better rearing results and more rearing generations. Li Guanghong: born in June 1965, Ph.D. graduate student. Current research interest is in entomo logical physiology Supported by the State Eighth Five-Year-Plan     

PLA/热塑性淀粉和PLA/亚麻纤维可降解复合材料的性能研究

使用熔融共混方法,制备了PLA/热塑性淀粉(PLA/TPS)和PLA/亚麻纤维(PLA/FF)复合材料.研究结果表明,随着热塑性淀粉或者亚麻纤维用量的增加,PLA复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率都有所降低;而PLA的结晶速率呈现显著增大,并且晶粒细化;添加热塑性淀粉或者亚麻纤维,能够增加PLA复合材料的降解速率.     

美国白蛾在秦皇岛市的生物学特性研究

研究了美国白蛾在秦皇岛市的生活史、生活习惯、各龄期幼虫的特性、卵的发育速度、各龄期幼虫的耐饥力等生物学特性和寄生性天敌的种类 ,以及美国白蛾蛹重与携卵量的关系 ,并建立了蛹重与携卵量关系的数学模型。     

聚乳酸/海藻酸钠共混膜的制备及性能研究

本文以聚乳酸(PLA)和海藻酸钠(SA)为原料,采用流延成膜法制备了PLA/SA共混膜,并研究了PLA/SA共混膜的吸湿、力学性能及热学性能。结果表明:PLA与SA分子之间存在着较强的氢键作用力;SA的引入,提高了共混膜的结晶性能;共混膜的吸湿率随共混膜中SA含量的增加而增加;力学性能随SA含量的增加而减少。     

Renewable isosorbide-derived poly(phosphoester) for simultaneously enhanced flame-retardancy and mechanical property of polylactide

Incorporating flame retardant fillers is the most efficient way to improve the fire resistance of polylactide (PLA). However, most flame retardant fillers result in deterioration of the mechanical property of PLA so far. Therefore, to create high-performance PLA materials combining excellent flame retardancy with superior mechanical properties remains highly attractive and challenging. In this study, a novel isosorbide-derived poly(phosphoester) (PIDI) was synthesized and used as a bio-based flame-retardant for PLA. The addition of PIDI showed a marginal effect on the change of the glass transition temperature of the PLA composites, but the crystallinity degree of the PLA composites was improved by the inclusion of PIDI. Benefitting from the improved crystallinity, the tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact strength of PLA composite containing 15 ​wt% PIDI was enhanced by 19.4%, 14.1%, and 36.9%, respectively, compared to the virgin PLA. With the addition of 20 ​wt% PIDI, the PLA composite showed an LOI value of 25.5% and a UL-94 V-0 rating in the vertical burning test. The flame retardant effect of PIDI was also demonstrated by a notable reduction (−46%) in the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of PLA composite containing 20 ​wt% PIDI. Such a renewable isosorbide-derived poly(phosphoester) is one of the promising candidates for PLA bio-composites with an outstanding balance between flame retardancy and intrinsic physical properties.     

Study on Spinning and Properties of PLA Yarn

The essay recommends the various properties of polylactic-acid yarns in order to know them in a new step.Designing the process and spunning of the PLA yarn,analyzing the points of the processes.The PLA yarn is processed with different methods.The properties such as the strength and elongation,the frictional resistance are analyzed.The relationship between the strength and the twist factor was determined.So the basic properties of the PLA yarn is determined.Through the comparison of various parameters,a thorough understanding of the basic properties of PLA yarn,thereby determining the best PLA yarn production and use conditions,and for the PLA yarn production and provide technical support.     

聚乳酸的酶降解动力学模型

将连续分布理论应用到聚乳酸的酶降解反应动力学中,模拟蛋白酶K降解聚乳酸的过程。将聚乳酸的酶降解过程分为3步:酶吸附在聚乳酸上;聚乳酸和酶形成具有活性的中间过渡体;生成特定断裂产物。运用矩的运算将积分微分方程转变成便于计算的普通微分方程,计算得到的降解产物的质量浓度随时间的变化与实验基本吻合。模型参数(k′,kE)与酶浓度、流量、pH和温度变化有关。     

聚乳酸微球制备的初步研究

聚乳酸PLA(polylactide)是一种无毒、可生物降解的聚合物,它具有良好的生物相容性,在医药上有广泛的应用.通过实验研究了聚乳酸浓度,表面活性剂浓度以及两者的配料比对溶媒挥发法制备聚乳酸微球及微球粒经的影响.实验为进一步制备医用聚乳酸微球和类似的医用药剂做了有益的探索.