SIP信令压缩体系

IMS(IP多媒体子系统)中采用SIP协议建立和维护多媒体会话,而SIP是基于文本消息的协议,在会话建立的过程中需要传输大量的比特,加大了会话建立的时延.为了缩短会话建立的时间,必需对SIP消息进行压缩.在介绍专门用于压缩SIP消息的体系架构--SigComp(Signalling Compression)的基础上,提出了几种改善SIP压缩率的方法,并针对SigComp的不足提出了改进方法.     

一种基于LZSS＋Huffman的SigComp压缩改进算法

SIP虽然被选定为IMS的核心呼叫/会话控制协议,但消息过长也成为了SIP在IMS无线环境下应用时的瓶颈.在SigComp框架下,通过对各种压缩算法的比较,结合SIP协议消息特点选择LZSS算法作为SIP信令压缩的基本算法.为了进一步提高SIP协议消息的压缩比,提出了基于LZSS+Huffman的SigComp压缩算法,并对该算法的压缩效果进行了仿真分析.     

SIP信令压缩技术

信令压缩指的是将原本设计用于Internet的多媒体会话控制IP信令协议应用于无线通信时,必须采取的信息压缩技术,其目的是降低带宽开销,提高无线频谱资源利用率.文中详细介绍了信令压缩的体系结构、各实体的功能、消息格式和各种扩展操作,并使用LZHUF算法,结合静态字典和共享压缩机制,实现了SIP信令压缩.仿真结果表明,信令压缩技术取得了很好的压缩效果,压缩后消息的长度平均仅为原来消息长度的20%左右.     

浅谈SIP协议在多媒体会话中的应用

SIP是由IETF提出的IP电话信令协议。基于应用层控制的SIP会话初始协议是IETF的多媒体数据和控制体系的一部分,用来邀请用户参加多媒体会议。SIP被设计成独立于低层的传输协议,并且可以用一些额外的功能来进行扩展。本文在简介SIP协议的基础上,对SIP协议的应用操作进行了分析,同时对SIP协议的应用进行了展望。     

一种基于HIP的SIP电话协议流程

下一代网络是以IP技术为核心，同时支持语音、数据、多媒体业务的新型网络。会话初始化协议SIP是一种在IP网络中建立、修改和终止多媒体会话的应用层协议。而主机标识符协议HIP的优势主要体现在提供安全和移动性支持。将SIP协议和HIP协议结合起来实现网络语音业务，设计了一种基于HIP的SIP电话协议流程，在支持HIP协议的主机上实现SIP电话，同时提供端到端的安全数据传输和网络层移动性支持。     

一种基于HIP的SIP电话协议流程

下一代网络是以IP技术为核心。同时支持语音、数据、多媒体业务的新型网络。会话初始化协议SIP是一种在IP网络中建立、修改和终止多媒体会话的应用层协议。而主机标识符协议HIP的优势主要体现在提供安全和移动性支持。将SIP协议和HIP协议结合起来实现网络语音业务，设计了一种基于HIP的SIP电话协议流程，在支持HIP协议的主机上实现SIP电话，同时提供端到端的安全数据传输和网络层移动性支持。     

无线网络中精简SIP消息的机制

研究了SIP在无线网络中的应用,探讨了由于其信令过于冗长,存在瓶颈现象的通常解决方案,采用SigComp技术对SIP信令进行压缩.在此基础上,提出了一种智能档案(smart profile)的机制.对于SIP会话过程中的固定消息部分,采用档案存储而减少传输消息的大小.试验测试和理论分析表明,该机制在精简SIP消息大小、节省信道资源的同时,也降低了SIP信令在无线网络中的传输延迟.     

基于SIP协议信息的LZW压缩算法的改进

为了SIP协议更好地运用于窄带环境,通过扩充初始字典并优化编码,同时改进压缩和解压缩的过程,提出了改进的LZW压缩算法,实现了对SIP协议消息的无损压缩,并利用VC~( )完成了算法改进后的测试.实验结果表明:改进后的LZW算法的速度和效率得到了大幅提高,且压缩效果更为理想.     

基于SIP的无线网络移动性解决方案

IETF提出的SIP(会话发起协议)标准已被3GPP2采用作为无线Internet网络会话管理的基础，3G R5版本已经选择SIP作为3G移动通信多媒体领域的信令。概述了SIP协议后，详细描述了SIP在应用层上对无线Internet网络移动性的支持，并提出一个具体的无线Internet网络架构，用无线Internet网络实例分析SIP是如何支持无线Internet网络的移动性。     

基于SIP的无线网络移动性解决方案

IETF提出的SIP（会话发起协议）标准已被3GPP2采用作为无线Internet网络会话管理的基础，3GR5版本已经选择SIP作为3G移动通信多媒体领域的信令。概述了SIP协议后，详细描述了SIP在应用层上对无线Internet网络移动性的支持，并提出一个具体的无线Internet网络架构，用无线Internet网络实例分析SIP是如何支持无线Internet网络的移动性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…