如何看待室温效应与全球气温变化的关系

一、什么是温室效应大气对流层中的某些有害气体,如CO2、CH4、O3、N2O和CFC等的增加,引起地球平均气温上升的现象,称为温室效应。上述气体称为温室气体。太阳光辐射透过大气层,很少一部分被吸收,大部分到达地面。而地表又以红外辐射的形式向外辐射,被大气中的CO2等温室气体所吸收,从而阻止了     

谁是温室效应的最大元凶

本文综述了温室效应产生的原因,分析了产生温室效应的主要机理,以及引起温室效应的主要气体,并分析各气体理化性质,介绍它们影响气温的过程以及温室气体对环境带来的影响。倡导通过科学的方法来处理目前全球的温室效应。     

温室效应及其对全球大气环境的影响

本文论述了温室效应的产生和发展,分析了温室气体在温室效应中的作用以及温室效应对全球环境的影响。     

温室气体及常用研究方法

温室气体是指大气中能够引起温室效应的气体成分,主要包括水汽、CO_2、CH_4、N_2O以及由人类活动产生的氟利昂或氯氟烃类化合物(CFCs)、氢代氯氟烃累化合物(HCFCs)、氢氟碳化合物(HFCs)、全氟碳化合物(PFCs)、六氟化硫(SF6)等物质。近几十年来人类活动对CO_2、CH_4、N_2O的影响较大,导致其浓度不断升高,被认为是最重要的三种温室气体。主要介绍了大气中三种最重要的温室气体和常用研究方法,以及各种方法的优缺点,以期为今后温室气体研究提供参考。     

施用氮肥与生物炭对菜地净综合温室效应的影响

采用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,研究施用氮肥与生物炭对菜地周年净综合温室效应(net GWP)的影响。结果表明:施用氮肥可以显著增加菜地N2O累积排放量和净综合温室效应,增幅分别为31.2%~116.4%和38.9%~308.5%,对蔬菜产量和CH4累积排放量无显著影响,增加菜地温室气体强度(GHGI)52.1%~293.8%;施用生物炭能够显著减少菜地N2O的累积排放量和净综合温室效应,减幅分别为1.6%~24.4%和89.5%~701.1%,显著增加蔬菜总产量2.4%~34.5%,降低菜地温室气体强度。因此,在菜地施用生物炭既能保证蔬菜产量又能减少温室气体排放,是合适的增产减排措施。     

二氧化碳气体和植物

矿物燃料的大量使用和温室气体的非法排放,植被被破坏,导致大气中CO2浓度持续上升。CO2是具有温室效应的气体,同时也是植物光合作用的原料,它浓度的上升势必对地球上的植物产生深刻的影响。     

温室效应气体观测卫星IBUKI

温室效应气体观测卫星GOSAT,有一个形象的名字叫“IBUKI”意为“地球的气息”。为了推算大气层中温室气体的浓度,IBUKI装备了高精度的观测设备。它可以利用二氧化碳和甲烷等温室气体吸收特定波长红外线的特点,帮助人们更多地了解“地球的气息”。     

提高空调设定温度 减少温室气体排放

能源消耗增长意味着增加温室气体的排放 为了降低办公室和家庭中温室气体的排放，日本环境省针对全球变暖问题正在进行名为COOL BIZ的宣传活动。旨在提倡节约用于制冷的能耗，但又能凉爽度过夏天的生活方式。如果不穿西服，不系领带，可以使身体感觉温度下降2℃，因此，把房间空调的设定温度调高就可以节能，而且能削减温室效应气体的排放量。这个宣传活动的背景是因为近几年写字楼或家庭中温室气体的排放量大幅度增加。     

温室效应及气体水合化控制方法

温室气体大量排放引起的全球气候变暖问题日趋严峻,由此导致的温室效应正在严重地威胁着人类赖以生存的环境.运用水合物技术处理CO2和CH4这两种主要的温室气体是国际水合物界广泛关注的焦点.介绍了CO2置换法开采天然气水合物的技术,结合天然气和煤炭工业中CH4的主要排放途径分析了CH4的减排和资源化技术,阐述了天然气水合物的生成、分解工艺及储存的稳定性.利用带有搅拌装置的水合物实验系统研究了不同浓度煤层气的水合化过程,结果表明:在适当条件下不同浓度的煤层气均易形成水合物.通过对实验结果及文献资料的分析表明:运用水合物技术处理温室气体在技术上是可行的.文章最后指出了水合物技术在处理温室气体方面应加强研究的内容.     

我国未来能源发展战略:发展新能源及高效节能的新技术新产品

2月16日《京都议定书》的正式生效,这是人类历史上首次以法规的形式限制温室气体排放,意味着二氧化碳、二氧化硫等导致温室效应的气体排放总量开始得到抑制,类似于太阳能、风能等替代能源的地位迅速提升。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the