新的集成预报及其在短期气候预测中的应用

分析了传统的基于加权的集成预报等方法及其在气象预测应用中存在的问题,在此基础上提出了一种新的基于数据挖掘的集成预报方法,并选用BP人工神经网络建立集成预报分类器来对各种子预报方法的预报结果进行集成和综合;该方法可以根据不同预报对象的特性,对集成预报权值进行动态改变,克服了传统的集成预报方法中权值一旦确定就不能改变的不足,也克服了现有的集成预报不能得到最优结果的不足。通过对2001～2007年重庆市城口县1月的降水和平均气温以及重庆市的春旱指数进行预报,实验结果显示,集成预报结果的可靠性和准确性不但高于集成之前的各种子预报方法,而且高于传统的其它集成预报方法,验证了方法的有效性。     

基于网格平台的水文预报集成应用模式

在分析目前洪水预报及洪水预报系统存在的问题的基础上,提出了洪水预报的综合集成应用模式,即面向服务,基于平台、组件、主题和可视化的洪水预报集成应用模式.基于面向服务的体系架构和J2EE平台技术架构,采用中间件、网格、Web服务、综合集成研讨厅等技术构建洪水预报综合集成服务平台.平台采用知识图来关联信息,组织应用过程中的信息、事件描述、应用主题和业务流程.在该平台上通过实例检验洪水预报集成应用模式,实例证明该综合集成应用模式具有模型利用率高、预报准确等优点.     

基于粗糙集理论和支持向量机的套管损坏动态预报方法

针对油水井套管损坏受地质、工程综合因素影响,具有不确定性、模糊性和时变性的特点,提出基于粗糙集与支持向量机集成的套损动态预报方法.通过粗糙集理论对套损影响因素进行属性约简,确定导致油水井套管损坏的主导因素,进而应用支持向量机算法建立套管损坏动态预报模型,从而克服传统支持向量机无法处理动态数据以及大样本条件下易出现维数灾难的缺点.榆树林油田的现场应用结果表明,该方法具有较高的预报精度,预报吻合率达72.7%,可为油田现场调整开发参数、尽早制定套管防护措施提供指导.     

结合大气环流和遥相关信息的集合径流预报方法及其应用

该文采用集合径流预报(ensemble streamflow prediction,ESP)方法对汉江白河站1970～2000年逐月径流量进行了回顾式预报。针对传统集合径流预报方法中对气象条件变异性考虑不足这一问题,该文尝试引入影响径流的大气环流因子和遥相关信息,对历史气象年份进行挑选,选择与预报年相似的历史气象条件组成集合,以增加气象集合输入的代表性,从而提高径流预报的精度。以夏季(6月、7月、8月)和冬季(12月、次年1月、2月)月径流量为预报对象,改进后的集合径流预报方法显著地提高了预报精度,各月预报的合格率均超过60%,其中8月和12月的合格率达88%,能够满足实际生产需要。     

逐步相似过滤法在青海省4～10天降水预报中的应用

依据逐步相似过滤法和最小相似离度原理,利用T213数值预报产品、NCEP逐日再分析资料和1957-2005年青海省42个地面站降水资料,建立不同的相似预报过滤方案,制作青海省未来4～10天的降水预报.经过降水预报准确率检验,确定"最优"逐步相似过滤方案.最优方案降水预报水平与青海省2008年降水业务预报水平对比表明:所建立的"最优"逐步相似过滤方案对青海省未来4～10天的降水预报具有更高的可信度,在日常预报中具有较高参考价值.     

徐州夏收期雨涝年的初步分析及预报

雨涝是徐州地区主要的灾害天气，尤以夏收期间的雨涝对农业生产的危害更大，它是稳定的副高和西风配置的必然产物。综合运用反常分析预报、统计预报和相似预报，可以对徐州地区夏收期间雨量分布的趋势作出判断，其中应特别注重对雨涝年的分析和判断。     

2013年西北太平洋台风路径集合预报

基于中国气象局、中国台湾气象局、日本气象厅和美国国家气象局等4个气象预报中心的台风预报资料,利用加权消除偏差集合方法对2013年发生在西北太平洋的31场台风进行了24 h、48 h和72 h集合预报,并对预报成果进行误差统计分析。结果表明:采用静态训练法的集合预报对训练期样本的选择较为敏感,整体误差波动较大;而采用动态训练法的集合预报整体误差随训练样本数的增加有减小的趋势,但当训练样本数达到40后预报误差趋于稳定。对比发现,在训练期中是否考虑双台风的影响对预报精度影响较大,去除双台风影响后,集合预报精度有明显的提高。经综合比较,就2013年台风而言,去除双台风影响、滑动训练样本为40的路径集合预报方案为推荐方案。     

ECMWF集合预报产品在河南省暴雨预报中的应用

对2014到2015年5—8月欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的9类与降水相关的集合预报基本产品和统计量(以下简称集合预报产品)进行暴雨TS评分检验,筛选出:%90分位数、最大值、控制预报、融合产品、概率匹配平均5个评分较高产品.对所选产品做暴雨过程的应用效果分析发现:5个集合预报产品的强降水中心位置预报与实况较接近,大部分产品对大雨以上降水落区预报与实况较接近,但存在强降水中心极值预报较实况偏小的不足;最大值产品对于暴雨落区范围和强降水中心极值的预报通常较实况偏大;5个集合预报产品均表现为0~72 h时效内预报效果最好,72 h之后各产品对暴雨的预报能力明显减弱.基于检验和分析结果,采用百分比权重集成技术建立暴雨预报方法,2016年业务应用结果表明,集成后的暴雨预报产品效果优于单个集合预报产品.     

数值预报产品的历史相似订正方法研究

针对数值预报存在误差的基本事实,提出了一套利用历史相似资料订正数值预报的方案,利用2003-2008年T213 L31数值预报产品和1948-2007年的NCEP资料,建立了100～1000 hPa等压面的高度场、温度场、风场、垂直速度场和水汽场的24～240 h预报的24 h变量订正方程.采用24 h变量相关系数和均方根误差两个指标,对2009-2010年的T213,L31高度场和温度场、数值预报产品的试应用订正效果进行了检验.结果表明:以24 h变量相关系数衡量,高度场和温度场预报订正效果都是正面的,预报时效为96～192 h,订正效果最明显;以均方根误差衡量,高度场和温度场预报订正效果同样是显著改进的;订正效果存在区域差异,高度场订正效果高纬度显著,低纬度差一些;温度场订正效果低纬度要显著一些.     

台北地区冬季降水相似预报试验

为研究相似预报技术在低纬度地区的应用问题,利用典型相关分析方法,对台北冬季降水与降水发生前12h西风带上游关键区各高度层气象要素场的相关性进行了分析,定量化地确定了台北冬季降水的预报因子。在此基础上,根据综合相似离度构造多级相似方法,建立了台北冬季有无降水的预报模型;同时利用该模型对1995年冬季降水作了试报。结果表明,该模型可以综合考虑因子相关问题,预报效果较好。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to