POE及其马来酸酐接枝物增韧PTT的性能研究

通过熔融共混制备了POE及其马来酸酐接枝物增韧PTT共混物,研究了增韧PTT共混物的结晶性能、力学性能和形态。研究结果表明POE马来酸酐接枝物能更均匀分散在PTT中,且也能促进POE在PTT中的分散,从而使PTT共混物的力学强度提高。POE马来酸酐接枝物能促进PTT的结晶,但存在临界用量,在15%时促进结晶作用达到饱和。用POE马来酸酐接枝物单独或与POE混合增韧PTT可在保持一定的拉伸强度的同时大幅提高PTT的冲击强度。     

接枝杜仲胶增容机理及与SBS改性沥青共混试验

为了改变目前SBS(styrene-butad iene-styrene)改性沥青常用增容剂大多为合成高分子材料的现状,在天然高分子材料杜仲胶上接枝能与沥青氮基反应的官能团——马来酸酐,形成一种新的增容剂——接枝杜仲胶。分析了接枝杜仲胶的生成方法与增容SBS改性沥青的机理,根据杜仲胶接枝产物的红外光谱,确定了接枝产物的物理表征,并对2种品质不同的沥青加入接枝杜仲胶进行高低温和流变性能试验。试验结果表明,SBS改性沥青性能得到提高。验证了接枝杜仲胶是一种性能良好的SBS改性沥青增容剂,并且作为天然材料有着合成材料无法比拟的资源再生优势。     

机械力引发官能化POE及其增韧尼龙66的研究

采用在熔融挤出过程中提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的方法，研究了机械力引发马来酸酐(MAH)熔融接枝弹性体POE的接枝反应：化学滴定法和红外光谱法分析的结果表明，随着螺杆转速的增加，接枝产物的接枝率出现先下降后增大的变化趋势，接枝产物的熔体流动速率(MFR)在螺杆转速≥400r／min时出现显著增大，随着接枝反应温度的增加，产物接枝率和熔体流动速率均明显增大；一定条件下，可控制制得具有较高接枝率(接枝率≥0．39％)、较好熔体流动速率(MFR=0．05～0.4g／min)和较低凝胶质量分数(≤0．3％)的接枝产物(POE-g-MAH)。材料力学性能测试和试样断面SEM分析结果表明，此接枝产物POE-g-MAil对尼龙66具有良好的增韧作用，可使PA66／POE-g-MAH共混材料的缺口冲击强度达到原未改性材料的12倍左右。     

植物纤维/聚丙烯复合材料增韧性研究

针对植物纤维/聚丙烯复合材料脆性大的问题，选用三元乙丙橡胶 (EPDM)及乙烯-辛烯共聚物 (POE)对复合材料进行增韧研究。结果表明，该复合体系中，当植物纤维含量较低时，植物纤维在基体中分布均匀，且EPDM及POE质量分数均为25%左右时增韧效果较好，且POE的增韧效果优于EPDM；当植物纤维含量较高时，会出现团聚现象。而加入相容剂马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯共聚物(MAPP)也会提高复合材料的韧性。     

木质素磺酸钠与马来酸酐接枝共聚物的制备及表征

以木质素磺酸钠(LS)为原料、马来酸酐(MA)为单体、过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂,在水溶液中进行接枝反应,讨论了温度、马来酸酐用量和马来酸酐氨化程度对接枝产率的影响。采用红外光谱和热重分析对产物进行表征,并通过红外光谱确证了木质素磺酸钠与马来酸酐的接枝,热重分析表明接枝改性的木质素磺酸钠具有更好的热稳定性。试验表明接枝反应的最佳条件为:45℃,MA/LS=1/1,氨水/MA=1/1。接枝反应可提高木质素磺酸钠的活性,为木质素磺酸钠开发利用提供新途径。     

多单体固相接枝聚丙烯的研究

研究马来酸酐和苯乙烯两种单体,通过固相法对聚丙烯进行接枝改性,制备了聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)和聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐苯乙烯(PP-g-MAH/St),并通过红外谱图进行表征.用化学滴定法测定了接枝率和接枝效率,用熔体流动速率测试仪测定了接枝产物流动性能,用偏光显微镜观察了接枝产物结晶特点.研究了不同反应条件对接枝率和熔体流动速率的影响.结果表明,共单体(St比例为25%)使得接枝率提高近1倍,接枝效率提高1.5倍,适宜的引发剂浓度为6%,共单体加入量为12%时,接枝率能达到2.2%,反应时间90 m in后接枝率几乎不变.     

PE-g-MAH表面改性氢氧化铝及其在聚乙烯中的应用

采用溶液法制备马来酸酐(MAH)接枝聚乙烯(PE),然后在液相中用马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯(PE-g-MAH)表面处理氢氧化铝(ATH),研究马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯的接枝率与引发剂、马来酸酐用量的关系,以及马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯表面改性氢氧化铝对聚乙烯/氢氧化铝性能的影响。将PE-g-MAH处理氢氧化铝与聚乙烯熔融混合,测试结果显示,适量PE-g-MAH(w(PE-g-MAH)/w(ATH)约为2%)表面处理氢氧化铝后,聚乙烯/氢氧化铝体系的熔体流动的平衡转矩降低,力学性能增加。     

聚乙烯蜡的羧基化反应及性能表征

研究了聚乙烯蜡(PEW)与马来酸酐(MAH)熔融接枝反应,在PEW分子链上引入了极性基团。采用红外光谱(IR)和核磁共振谱(NMR)表征了接枝物的结构,采用滴定法测得接枝物的酸值在25~60mgKOH/g之间。研究了接枝单体MAH、引发剂过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)和抗氧剂1010用量对接枝物酸值的影响。结果表明,在一定条件下接枝产物的综合性能较好。     

HDPE固相接枝MAH接枝率的研究

以过氧化苯甲酰 (BPO)为引发剂 ,用固相接枝共聚的方法制备高密度聚乙烯接枝马来酸酐 (HDPE g MAH) ;用红外光谱法检测接枝产物的生成 ;通过差量法计算接枝率 ,着重探讨了各因素对接枝率的影响。     

熔融法聚丙烯蜡接枝聚乙二醇的研究

以马来酸酐作为反应单体,用熔融接枝的方法在聚丙烯蜡（PPW）上接枝马来酸酐,以其接枝产物为原料接枝聚乙二醇（PEG）合成PPW-g-PEG接枝共聚物.采用IR, DSC,TG对所得的聚合物进行表征,红外谱图分析证明聚丙烯蜡与马来酸酐发生了接枝反应,该中间体也成功与PEG发生了缩聚反应,TG检测表明该产物的热稳定性明显提高.酸值测试表明分子量为1000的PEG聚合物反应最完全,且该分子量的改性接枝物的熔点降低最多.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with