聚乙二醇负载二醋酸碘苯试剂的制备及其参与“一锅法”合成2,5-二取代唑衍生物的研究

聚乙二醇(MW=4000)与3-碘苯甲酸在4-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)和N,N′-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)存在下于二氯甲烷溶剂中反应得到聚乙二醇负载3-碘苯甲酸酯,继而在醋酸介质中与四水过硼酸钠作用制得聚乙二醇负载的二醋酸碘苯试剂.在该试剂及三氟甲磺酸作用下,α-甲基芳酮和腈能以优良的产率一锅法生成2,5-二取代唑衍生物.同时,聚乙二醇支撑的二醋酸碘苯试剂在此反应中显示出较好的反应活性,反应条件温和,并且可循环使用,对环境友好.     

聚乙二醇负载二醋酸碘苯试剂的制备及其参与"一锅法"合成2,5-二取代噁唑衍生物的研究

聚乙二醇(MW=4 000)与3-碘苯甲酸在4-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)和N,N'-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)存在下于二氯甲烷溶剂中反应得到聚乙二醇负载3-碘苯甲酸酯,继而在醋酸介质中与四水过硼酸钠作用制得聚乙二醇负载的二醋酸碘苯试剂.在该试剂及三氟甲磺酸作用下,α-甲基芳酮和腈能以优良的产率一锅法生成2,5-二取代噁唑衍生物.同时,聚乙二醇支撑的二醋酸碘苯试剂在此反应中显示出较好的反应活性,反应条件温和,并且可循环使用,对环境友好.     

聚乙二醇负载苯硒基乙酸酯试剂参与5-取代-α,β-丁烯酸内酯的液相合成研究

在4-二甲胺基吡啶和N,N’-二环己基碳二亚胺存在下,苯硒基乙酸与二羟基聚乙二醇(相对分子质量为4 000)发生酯化反应,制得聚乙二醇负载的苯硒基乙酸酯(功能基含量为 0.455 mmol Se·g^-1)试剂.该试剂与N,N-二异丙胺基锂作用后,与环氧化合物发生开环反应,不经分离,直接加入质量分数为30%的双氧水进行氧化脱硒,形成中间体聚乙二醇负载γ-羟基-α,β-不饱和羧酸酯,继而用对甲苯磺酸催化环化反应,得到5-取代-α,β-丁烯酸内酯,产率优良(80%～86%).     

功能性二硫化物的合成与表征

在促进剂1-羟基苯并三唑(HOBT)或4-二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)存在下,以二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)为缩合剂,3-巯基丙酸二硫化物分别与烯丙胺、甲基丙烯酸β-羟基乙酯(HEMA)、对氨基偶氮苯和对羟基偶氮苯缩合,合成了带可聚合双键的二硫化物和带偶氮苯光敏性基团的二硫化物。通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和紫外光谱对上述功能性二硫化物的结构进行了表征。     

新型苯双胍化合物的合成及其结构表征

分别以邻苯二胺基二锂、对苯二胺基二锂为原料,通过和N,N'-二环己基碳化二亚胺加成,然后水解,"一锅法"合成新型苯双胍化合物1,2-双(1,3-二环己基胍基)苯和1,4-双(1,3-二环己基胍基)苯,该方法条件温和,后处理简单,产率高(89%～92%),并通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR和元素分析对其结构进行了分析和表征.     

三氮烯试剂合成的新方法

在稀盐酸的存在下,以亚硝酸正丁酯为重氮化试剂,合成出4,4’-二偶氮苯重氮氨基苯、1,3-二-(4-硝基苯)-三氮烯、安替比林重氮氨基苯及1-(4-安替比林)-3-(4-硝基苯)-三氮烯.该重氮化反应效果好,合成产品的纯度高,产率也较高.     

合成3,5-二硝基苯乙酮的一种新方法

本文采用丙二酸二乙酯合成法 ,以 3,5 -二硝基苯甲酸为原料 ,经酰化、缩合、脱酸等步骤合成了 3,5 -二硝基苯乙酮。试验发现利用苯与乙醇形成共沸物除去缩合原料丙二酸二乙酯乙氧基镁盐中的过量乙醇 ,能得到较高产率的 3,5 -二硝基苯乙酮 ,并且试剂价廉易得 ,步骤简单易行。参 5。     

苯乙酸对甲苯酯的改进合成

苯乙酸和对甲酚在二环已基碳二酰亚胺(DCC)存在下，用4—二甲氨基吡啶(DMAP)作催化剂合成苯乙酸对甲苯酯，反应时间短，反应条件温和，后处理容易，产率高。     

3-(4-苯基-1,3-二硫戊环-2-亚甲基)-2,4-戊二酮的合成及其与芳醛的缩合反应

以碳酸钾为碱,N,以N-二甲基甲酰胺为溶剂,乙酰丙酮与二硫化碳及1,2-二溴苯乙烷反应,以中等产率（47%）合成了3-(4-苯基-1,3-二硫戊环-2-亚甲基)-2,4-戊二酮2.碱性条件下,化合物2比较稳定,通过对碱的选择和芳醛量的控制,化合物2与芳醛缩合可分别以较高的产率合成单面和双面缩合产物1d和1e.     

室温下N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活化酯法合成吡咯-2,5-二乙酰胺

在室温下用一锅反应法以二环己基碳二亚胺（DCC）（2 equiv．）为偶合试剂，使用过量（4equiv．）的胺，用N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺（Hosu）（2 equiv．）活化酯法合成了吡咯-2，5-二酰胺，且产率（70％）比在低温时（63％）有所提高．探讨了选用不同的合成方法及偶合试剂以及反应条件和试剂的用量对合成目标产物的影响．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…