Helium isotope compositions of Machangqing copper deposit in western Yunnan, China

Helium isotopic composition of inclusion fluid in pyrites from Machangqing copper deposit, China, has been measured. The measurements, with³He/⁴He ratios ranging from 0.46–2.08 Ra, indicate that the helium in ore-forming fluid is a mixture of crust and mantle, and are consistent with the fact that the parental magma responsible for the formation of ore-forming fluid of the deposit is of crust-mantle provenance.     

广西大厂铜坑锡多金属矿床地质特征及成因分析

广西大厂铜坑矿床位于桂西北丹池锡多金属成矿带中段,是著名的超大型锡多金属矿床。该矿床由上部锡多金属矿体和新发现的深部矽卡岩型锌铜矿体组成,前人对上部锡多金属矿体的矿化特征和成矿作用等进行过大量研究,但对层状锡多金属矿体的成因分歧较大,且对深部锌铜矿体研究较少。基于此在详细的野外地质调查基础上,结合前人勘查成果及研究分析,对铜坑矿床地质特征、矿石特征及矿床成因等进行了初步的分析研究,认为铜坑矿区存在泥盆纪海底喷流沉积成矿作用,燕山晚期成矿作用的叠加改造是矿床形成的主要事件。     

Helium and argon isotope trace in ore-forming fluid of Sawuer gold belt in Xinjiang,China

The helium and argon isotope compositions of fluid inclusions hosted in pyrite have been measured from Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits in Sawuer gold belt, northern Xinjiang. The results show that fluidinclusion ^3He/^4He ratios are 0.64 Ra-4.25 Ra and 1.16 Ra-9.48 Ra, ^40Ar/^36Ar ratios are 282-359 and 312-525 for Kuoerzhenkuola and Buerkesidai gold deposits respectively.The ore-forming fluids of two deposits possessed the same source and derived mainly from mantle beneath the island arc (including oceanic crust and oceanic sediments by subduction of oceanic plate). They were diluted by incorporating meteoric water to form a mixture of mantle- and partial meteoric water-derived fluid. The ore-forming fluids of twodeposits are of the same evolutionary histories. From the early to the late mineralization stages, the ratios of meteoric water/mantle- derived fluid in ore-forming fluid increasedgrad ually. Based on these results and detailed geological and geochemical studies on the two deposits, it is proposed that the geneses of the two gold deposits are the same, being volcanogenic late-stage hydrothermal gold deposits occurring in the same volcanic apparatus.     

广西大厂铜坑矿床中闪锌矿微量、稀土元素及氢氧同位素特征

位于江南古陆西南缘、右江盆地北东侧的大厂矿田是我国重要的有色金属矿产地，铜坑矿床是大厂矿田内规模最大、成矿元素最复杂、成矿特征最典型的一个超大型锡多金属矿床，由上部锡多金属矿体和深部锌铜矿体组成。本文以铜坑矿床不同类型矿体（锡多金属矿体、锌铜矿体）中的闪锌矿为研究对象，开展了微量、稀土元素及H-O同位素分析，意图进一步探讨区内成矿物质、成矿流体来源，并深化矿床成因认识。结果显示，铜坑矿床不同类型矿体中的闪锌矿均以富集Cu、Pb、Fe、Sb、In等元素，贫Ge为特征；闪锌矿的稀土配分模式多为轻稀土富集的“V型”右倾曲线，以LREE/HREE值较高、Eu和Ce负异常为特征；闪锌矿H-O同位素组成指示成矿流体以岩浆为主，伴随有大气降水的混入。上述特征表明，铜坑矿床成矿物质和成矿流体主要来源于岩浆，矿床成因属岩浆热液充填-交代形成。     

四川巴塘县夏塞银多金属矿床特征

夏塞银矿位于川西义敦岛弧造山带燕山晚期绒依措花岗岩体外接触带浅变质岩中,是一个超大型的中低温热液脉型银多金属矿床.通过对该矿床的地质、矿石矿物、流体包裹体与同位素地球化学等进行系统的研究表明,矿体产出严格受断层破碎带控制,矿体主要为脉状、透镜状和浸染状;容矿岩石为上三叠统图姆沟组的浅变质砂岩、粉砂岩和板岩;金属矿物主要有方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿、黄铁矿、银矿物和硫盐矿物等,脉石矿物为石英、方解石、绢云母、绿泥石等;成矿作用可划分为三期四个阶段;成矿物质来源于围岩和花岗岩,矿床为燕山晚期-喜马拉雅期岩浆期后成矿流体浅成中低温热液充填交代矿床.     

浙江岭后多金属矿床的海相火山热液沉积成矿特征和成矿模式

岭后矿床为大陆拗陷带中形成的块状硫化物矿床,产于中石炭统底部伴有少量火山岩、硅质岩和碧玉岩的白云岩中。整合块状矿体之下有一状矿化蚀变带,矿石具典型海底喷气沉积作用形成的结构构造和矿石相(带),矿床金属分带、黄铁矿的Co/Ni和S/Se比值。成矿温度以及硫。铅同位素特征表明,岭后矿床为海相火山热液沉积成因的。     

广西大厂层控锡石—硫化物多金属矿床的地质特征及形成机制探讨

作者们经过几年来对大厂锡石—硫化物多金属矿床的详细观察和系统研究表明,大厂锡石—硫化物多金属矿床具有明显的层控特征:(1)主要矿体受中上泥盆统地层控制,并呈层状,可以与地层同步挠曲;(2)矿体内保留有典型的沉积成因的结构构造;(3)层状矿中黄铁矿内的Co/Ni比值小于1;(4)矿区及邻区的含矿层位内发现有火山物质存在。主要来自燕山晚期花岗岩的含锡热液受早期沉积(火山沉积)作用所形成的层状硫化物的“地球化学障”作用的控制而沉淀成矿。因此,大厂锑石—硫化物多金属矿床是另一种意义的沉积—(花岗岩)热液迭加改造型矿床。     

古海洋中的热水喷口—广西大厂例析

笔者首次发现广西大厂存在泥盆纪存在海底热水活动的喷口，地质和地球化学研究表明，它们是由富二氧化硅、硫化物和成矿元素的热水溶液喷出海底沉积形成的，是大厂超大型矿床、硅质岩和生物礁古油藏热水沉积成因最直接的标志。     

Molybdenum isotopic composition as a tracer for low-medium temperature hydrothermal ore-forming systems: A case study on the Dajiangping pyrite deposit,western Guangdong Province,China

Little is known about the range or controls on the molybdenum isotopic composition of low-medium temperature hydrothermal ore-forming systems. We present molybdenum isotope data from 12 hydrothermal syndepositional silicalite and carbonaceous slate samples from the Dajiangping pyrite deposit in western Guangdong Province, South China. The δ ^97/95 Mo values from Orebody III range from −0.02‰ to 0.29‰, with an average of 0.18‰. In contrast, the composition values from Orebody IV display a larger variation from −0.70‰ to 0.62‰. However, the five samples from the main ore bed all show strong negative values. This indicates that the significant variation in molybdenum isotopic composition supports different hydrothermal ore-forming metallogenesis and a metallogenic environment between the two orebodies. Orebody III is likely to have been deposited from submarine exhalative hydrothermal fluids under a relatively strong reducing environment and Orebody IV may have also been influenced by hydrothermal superimposition in a more oxidized disequilibrium condition. In addition, the δ ^97/95 Mo values of Orebody IV are clearly negative, together with the values increasing stratigraphically upward in the ore beds, suggesting that the metallogenic environment of Orebody IV is different from the open oceanic systems. There might be dynamic fractionation in this restricted environment. Therefore, the molybdenum isotope can be used as an effective tracer for the ore-forming fluid and metallogenic environment.     

He-Ar isotope geochemistry of the Yaoling-Meiziwo tungsten deposit,North Guangdong Province: Constraints on Yanshanian crust-mantle interaction and metallogenesis in SE China

Isotopic abundances and ratios of He and Ar found in inclusion fluids in pyrites formed in the Yaoling-Meiziwo tungsten miner-alization epoch show that the concentration of 4He varies widely,from 1.54×10-7 cm3 STP/g to 2609×10-7 cm3 STP/g.3He is 0.759×10-12 cm3 STP/g-3.463×10-12 cm3 STP/g.3He/4He is 0.0043-4.362 Ra,varying from crustal to mantle values.The concen-tration of 40Ar ranges from 0.624×10-7 cm3 STP/g to 8.89×10-7 cm3 STP/g.The 40Ar/36Ar varies extensively,from 330 to 2952,between atmospheric and crustal or mantle radiogenic values.Mantle-derived He is present in ore-forming fluids and the calcu-lated average proportion of the mantle He is 22%;the maximum is 67%.Our research results show that mantle-derived fluids play a significant role in tungsten mineralization.The fractionation of He and Ar indicate that there was 4He-enriched air-saturated water(MSAW) in the ore-forming fluid.The ore-forming fluid was a mixture of mantle fluid,crustal magmatic fluid and MSAW.The occurrence of a mantle component in ore-forming fluid indicates the large-scale W and Sn mineralization,including Yaol-ing-Meiziwo,in southeastern China was the result of crust and mantle interaction.The underplating or intrusion of voluminous basaltic magma formed by partial melting of the upper mantle provided the necessary heat to cause partial melting of the crust and the generation of voluminous S-type granitic magmas.Crustal magmatic fluid and mantle fluid with high 3He/4He were released from magma crystallization and fractionation,mixed with the circulating modified air-saturated water,and filled the extensional tectonic fractures,leading to the formation of world-class W and Sn deposits in southeastern China.     

晴隆大厂锑矿流体包裹体研究

晴隆大厂锑矿是西南地区大型锑矿之一。前人已进行过深入的研究,在很多方面已达成共识,但对其成矿流体性质和来源尚有争议。本文通过对大厂锑矿流体包裹体的温度与盐度、密度与压力、包裹体成分和氢氧同位素等的研究,得出大厂锑矿成矿流体属于中低温（129．4～214c（=）、低盐度（NaCI）0．18％～3．23％、中等密度（0．93—1．03g／cm3）;流体水化学类型属F-=SO4^2- -K＋-Ca＋型。流体压力为超高压（103．97087836MPa）;成矿流体主要是大气降水形成的地下热水,可能有部分岩浆热液的掺入。     

The Rb-Sr isochron of ore and pyrite sub-samples from Linglong gold deposit, Jiaodong Peninsula, eastern China and their geological significance

Here we report the first direct Rb-Sr dating of pyrites and ores using sub-sampling from lode gold deposits in Linglong, Jiaodong Peninsula, which is a supra-large lode gold deposit and propose this as a useful geochronological technique for gold mineralization with poor age constraint. The Rb-Sr data of pyrites yield an isochron age of (121.6±8.1) Ma, whereas those of ore and ore-pyrite spread in two ranges from 120.0 to 121.8 Ma and from 110.0 to 111.7 Ma. Studies of characteristic of gold deposit and microscopy of pyrite and quartz indicate that the apparent ages of ore and ore-pyrite are not isochron ages, only mixed by two end members, i.e. the primitive hydrothermal fluids and wall rocks, whereas the isochron age of pyrite sub-samples constrains the age of gold mineralization (121.6±8.1) Ma, i.e. early Cretaceous, which is in good agreement with the published SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages.     

广西茶山锑矿床成矿流体研究

本文通过矿床地质、成矿流体、泥盆系合矿性和稀土元素地球化学研究，总结出茶山锑矿床成矿流体具有热卤水特征，并未获得岩浆热液成因的证据。     

广西大厂矿田拉么锌铜矿床成矿期次和成矿阶段划分

拉么矿床位于大厂矿田中矿带笼箱盖岩体的南西侧,该矿床既存在矽卡岩型锌铜矿化,又存在中~低热液型钨-锑矿化.矽卡岩型锌铜矿化,根据产状特征可分为两组:似层状矿化、脉状矿化;同时可分为三种类型:缓倾斜似层状锌铜矿化,陡倾斜裂隙充填、交代细脉状矿化,以及陡倾斜大脉状矿化.通过坑下地质调研和室内光片鉴定,拉么锌铜矿矿区的成矿作用可划分为两个成矿期、5个成矿阶段:①矽卡岩型锌(铜)矿成矿期,包括早期硫化物阶段(铁铜矿阶段)、晚期硫化物阶段(铅锌矿阶段);②钨-锑成矿期,包括星散浸染状白钨矿矿化阶段、星散浸染状辉锑矿矿化阶段、脉状辉锑矿-方解石矿化阶段.     

Sm-Nd evidence for the age and origin of a Mississippi Valley Type ore deposit

MISSISSIPPI Valley Type (MVT) ore deposits represent the relatively common product of large-scale fluid transport in the continental lithosphere, yet the models for their genesis have been more controversial and unconstrained than those of any other class of giant ore deposit(1,2). Here we show that Sm-Nd isotope data can be used to determine the age and origin of an MVT deposit. Sm-Nd data for fluorites from the North Pennine orefield are difficult to explain unless some of the mineralization is of Mesozoic rather than the traditionally accepted Palaeozoic age. Furthermore, the Nd and Sr isotopie compositions of the fluorites do not support a variety of recent models that include derivation of the components from the mantle, the Lower Palaeozoic basement or the underlying buried granite which served to focus the flow of hydrothermal fluids.     

闽西南凤山-赤坂场矽卡岩型萤石矿床地球化学特征及成因

闽西南凤山-赤坂场萤石矿主要产于晚侏罗世花岗质侵入岩与中二叠世栖霞组海相碳酸盐岩接触变质带中,通过对萤石及黑云母二长花岗岩围岩开展稀土元素地球化学及包裹体氢氧同位素研究,探讨了矿床的成因及成矿物质、流体来源。萤石稀土元素配分曲线特征和La/Ho-Y/Ho关系图表明凤山-赤坂场萤石矿体的成矿流体来自同一流体体系,成矿物源稳定且单一,为同期成矿。萤石和花岗岩围岩相近的Sm/Nd比值以及均具有δEu和δCe负异常特征,表明萤石成矿和二长花岗岩体有着十分密切的联系。结合萤石包裹体氢氧同位素结果,显示研究区萤石矿床成矿流体来源于岩浆水与大气降水的混合,成矿物质F和Ca元素来源于大气降水对围岩花岗岩和碳酸盐岩的淋滤和萃取,属于构造控制的岩浆期后气化-热液的低温热液充填萤石矿床。     

Re-Os isotope dating of pyrite from the footwall mineralization zone of the Xinqiao deposit,Tongling, Anhui Province: Geochronological evidence for submarine exhalative sedimentation

The Xinqiao deposit is located in the Tongling area,Anhui Province.This deposit is dominantly composed of stratiform sulfide orebodies,which are restricted to the transitional zone from clastic rocks to carbonates at the base of the Late Carboniferous Huanglong Formation.There are discordant veinlets or networks of mineralization in the footwall rocks below the stratiform sulfide orebodies.The underlying discordant mineralization zones coexist with conformable stratiform sulfide orebodies,which are considered to be the most representative features of massive sulfide deposits formed by submarine exhalative sedimentation.This study reports a pyrite 187Re-187Os isotopic age of 319±13 Ma(MSWD=16) for the footwall mineralization zone.This isochron age is consistent with the interval of strata hosting the conformable stratiform sulfide orebody,and provides direct geochronological evidence for Carboniferous exhalative sedimentary mineralization.     

Late Yanshan-Himalayan hydrocarbon reservoir adjustment and hydrotherrnal fluid activity in the central Tarim Basin

The adjustment of primary hydrocarbon reservoirs in marine formations is an important feature of the oil pools in the Tarim Basin. Large-scale hydrocarbon adjustment is related to the strong regional tectonic movements, which is always accompanied by extensive migration of basin fluids including diagenetic and mineralizing fluids. Organic fluid inclusions are well developed in hydrothermal minerals, such as fluorite, which have been found in the dissolution-enlarged fractures or karstification caves in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Proved by well drilling, the fluorite deposit is good reservoir for oil and gas. So the peculiar accompanied or superimposed relationship between fluorite hydrothermal fluid mineralization and hydrocarbon migration and accumulation exists in the Ordovician in the central Tarim Basin. Considering regional tectonic setting and mineralization condition,through different kinds of analytic methods including electron spin resonance dating, fluid inclusion laser Raman and colonial inclusions hydrocarbon fossil analysis, we proposed that extensive mineralizing fluids and hydrocarbon migration occurred in late Yanshan-Himalayan (110.4-30.8 Ma) period, and Himalayan, especially, is an important period for hydrocarbon accumulation from 34.3 Ma to present.     

衡阳盆地北缘盐田桥铜多金属矿床成矿地质特征及找矿方向

盐田桥铜多金属矿床位于湘东金银铜铅锌成矿带,区内北东向隆起带活动强烈,岩浆活动频繁,成矿地质条件十分优越。区域性长寿—衡阳—观音阁断裂带是区内主要控矿构造,它既是导矿构造,又是容矿构造,矿体全部分布于硅化构造角砾岩带膨胀部位内。目前地表已发现1条铅矿体,深部探获20条铜盲矿体、8条铅盲矿体和34条钨盲矿体,矿体呈脉状、似层状产出,其中主矿体Cu1具中间向西南、西北侧伏20°特征。根据区内控矿条件、成矿规律及矿体侧伏特征的综合分析,结合近几年勘查成果,提出了该区下一步找矿方向主要在中深部及32号勘探线往西南方向矿体侧伏方向。     

渤海湾盆地黄骅拗陷天然气中幔源氦

黄骅拗陷天然气中存在强烈的幔源氦入侵，氦同位素比值３Ｈｅ／４Ｈｅ０．１２Ｒａ至３．６２Ｒａ，表明天然气中氦组分有１％至４５％来自幔源。３Ｈｅ／４Ｈｅ频率分布图呈双峰式特点，低值峰０．１２Ｒａ至１．１９Ｒａ，位于新生代中后期构造、岩浆活动不发育和远离断裂交汇带地区，其仍远高于壳源流体特征０．０２Ｒａ，表明拗陷区总体上存在较强的幔源氦混染。高值峰１．２８Ｒａ至２．８０Ｒａ，均位于长期活动断裂，特别是断裂交汇带和新生代火山活动区。幔源氦自断裂交汇带释放．沿ＮＥ—ＮＥＥ向伸展断裂带运移、聚集，并向四周扩散。早第三纪伸展活动与幔源岩浆作用期是幔源氦主要释放期；晚第三纪至第四纪ＮＷ向深断裂活动和深源岩浆作用对区内幔源氦聚集亦具重要贡献。