基于需求预测的单向共享电动汽车车辆调度方法

用户出行需求的不均衡性和潮汐性造成站点之间的车辆库存不平衡,阻碍了单向共享电动汽车行业的发展.在充分考虑用户实际需求的随机性和时效性的基础上,提出一种单向共享电动汽车车辆调度方法.其采用长短期记忆神经网络对站点车辆需求进行预测,进而建立以调度成本、库存成本和潜在损失收益均最小的多目标调度模型,并采用遗传模拟退火混合算法求最优解.实证研究表明了该方法的合理性和优越性.     

电动汽车共享站点间车辆人工调度策略

用户出行需求的潮汐性和不均衡性导致站点间车辆失衡问题严重,极大地制约了电动汽车共享的快速发展,采用合理的车辆人工调度策略可使车辆失衡问题得以解决.基于完全满足用户用车需求的前提,建立成本最低的调度需求模型,并采用遗传算法求解得出调度需求.构建了电动汽车共享站点间车辆人工调度策略,同时通过调度收益最大化的混合整数规划模型优化车辆调度路径,采用分支定界法求解.以"EVCARD"位于上海市嘉定区5个站点的实际订单作为输入,进行人工调度策略优化分析.结果显示:在用户用车需求增长的情景下,不增设停车位和车辆数目而采用人工调度优化策略,同比可以提升60%的订单服务量,相比增设停车位和车辆数目可以节约60%的成本投入.     

基于改进蚁群算法的城市公共自行车动态调度模型

针对公共自行车系统运营中的借车难、还车难等问题,提出一种公共自行车分区动态调度方法.通过计算机仿真模拟站点间自行车调度,分析不合理、不及时等因素对调度产生的影响.以调度成本最小、转运量最大为目标,建立城市公共自行车分区调度模型,基于改进蚁群算法求解该模型最优调度路径.以丹阳市公共自行车站点数据为例,对模型进行验证,结果表明该算法可以求解得出最优调度回路,且准确性高、求解效率高.     

共享单车需求预测及调度优化

为了更加准确地预测共享单车的需求量,制定合理的调度优化方案。针对共享单车骑行数据的周期性、非线性和随机性的特点,提出了季节性灰色Markov模型来预测共享单车需求量。在此基础上,根据双层规划模型结果来制定调度优化方案。在季节性灰色Markov模型中,首先将原始数据带入季节性GM(1,1)模型得到预测结果,然后用Markov模型对预测的残差进行修正,得到最终的预测值。在双层规划模型中,上层目标为运营商的调度成本,下层目标为调度中心的调度时间,双层规划模型用GUROBI求解器求解。最后将两种模型应用于纽约市17个Citi Bike共享单车站点的算例分析。数值计算结果表明：季节性灰色Markov模型在17个站点从周一到周五的需求量预测的平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)为10.68%,预测精度较高。利用双层规划模型制定的调度优化方案能确定调度中心数量、位置,调度范围和调度路径,可以在满足用户需求的同时使调度成本和调度时间最优。研究提出的需求预测模型和调度优化方案可以为共享单车运营部门和交通管理部门提供有效的参考。     

基于预测库存变化率的公共自行车动态调度方法

为提高公共自行车系统调度效率并降低调度成本,提出基于预测库存变化率的公共自行车动态调度方法。将公共自行车站点类比于库存系统,利用马尔可夫过程平稳分布的性质,预测调度时段各站点的库存变化率,进而预测调度时段末各站点库存率。考虑站点合理库存率区间,根据站点初始库存率和预测库存率,确定需要调度的站点集合。考虑调度车辆到达有调度需求站点的最晚到达时间与调度车辆装载量约束,以调度车辆总行驶距离最短为优化目标,建立优化目标为车辆总行驶距离最短的动态调度模型。利用模拟退火算法求解模型,得到优化调度方案。由于预测了调度时段内站点的库存变化率,因此,在给定的调度区域内,为了保证所有站点的库存率始终维持在合理库存率区间,调度车辆只需要在有调度需求的站点之间执行1次调度任务。以波士顿公共自行车系统为例,验证基于预测库存变化率的动态调度方法。结果表明:基于预测库存变化率的动态调度方法,在给定的各个调度区域内,最多可缩短调度车辆35.58%的行驶距离;若完成系统全部调度任务时,调度车辆总行驶距离可缩短18.53%;与基于滚动时域的动态调度方法相比,基于预测库存变化率的动态调度方法,不需要分段检测系统运行状态,避免了对调度方案的被动调整,提高了编制和执行效率。     

基于双层规划的共享自行车区域投放规划模型

共享自行车逐渐成为我国居民短距离出行的主要方式之一,但共享自行车的投放与用户需求不平衡的问题仍待解决。针对共享自行车的投放位置和规模的问题,提出了共享自行车区域投放和虚拟站点的概念,构建了共享自行车网络系统,建立了共享自行车区域投放双层规划模型。上层模型以系统用户总的出行成本最小为目标,考虑了企业、用户等约束条件,为系统最优模型;下层模型为网络用户均衡模型,并提出了混合遗传算法与粒子群算法求解该模型。最后,用某中等城市共享自行车出行数据进行分析,验证模型与算法的实用性。结果表明,该模型能同时确定投放区域虚拟站点的选址及规模,为共享自行车的投放提供了科学合理的依据。     

基于异质性出行需求的公交线路组合调度研究

为进一步研究异质性需求公交线路的组合调度,设计全程车、区间车和大站快车组合调度研究模型:以公交线路总成本(包括用户成本和运营成本)为目标函数,以各种调度模式发车频率、大站快车跳过站点为优化参数,以满足乘客出行需求为约束条件。模型首先基于Logit模型计算换乘比例,将乘客的出行需求进行分类,然后对组合调度方案进行建模。设计一种混合遗传算法的布谷鸟算法求解算例,获得最优解,并对模型参数进行敏感性分析。计算分析结果表明:此组合调度方法相较于全程车、全程车+区间车调度模式,总成本分别减少24.3%和14.4%;并优化乘客出行方式;乘客时间价值和单位运营成本对结果影响较大。通过这种组合调度优化方法,为公交运营企业调度方案提供一种新思路。     

面向协同调度的公交时刻表鲁棒优化模型

为实现公共交通网络协同调度,以网络内总换乘负效用最小为目标,构建了考虑公交车辆运行随机性的时刻表鲁棒优化模型.线路间换乘衔接关系、公交车辆首站计划发车时刻、站点间运行时间和站点处停靠时间为模型主要输入参数,用于求解各线路首站计划发车时刻最优偏移量.由于所建优化模型为非凸规划模型,设计了包含蒙特卡洛仿真方法的遗传算法以获取模型近似最优解.最后,基于算例验证了公交时刻表鲁棒优化模型与遗传算法的可行性.结果表明,与现有时刻表相比,优化后时刻表可减少约22%的总换乘负效用,能有效改善公交网络内换乘服务.此外,与枚举算法求解结果的对比分析验证了遗传算法可行且高效.     

多车型车辆共享的MDVRP问题及其遗传算法

在多车场车辆共享的路径优化问题中,允许多种车型的车辆同时调用,在各个车场内循环调度使用,不必回到初始发出的车场,实现一定程度的共同配送;另外,考虑满载和空载的油耗不一样,同样的路径中车辆的装载量不同成本也会不一样.要满足上述新的车辆调度要求,必须建立新的车辆调度模型:目标函数包含路径的油耗成本,约束条件中车辆不必回到原车场.由于该模型属于NP难题,因此给出了一种新的基于路径的一维编码遗传算法,通过实例证明该方法能够使车辆调度路径得到改进.     

基于粒子群算法的共享单车站间调度优化方法

对单车实行精准高效的调度是目前共享单车系统亟须攻克的重要难题之一。共享单车的调度问题可以看作是一个受时间、地域、人流等多因素影响的NP完全问题(Non-deterministic Polynomial Complete Problem)。目前,我国在这一方面的研究工作尚不成熟。根据单车调度实际情况,考虑调度车容量与站点满意度约束,以旅行商问题为基础,建立综合优化最大化的共享单车站间调度数学模型,通过优化多目标问题的混合禁忌-粒子群算法,对上述模型进行求解。最后以合肥市大学城实际单车站点为算例,以该算法进行求解。结果证实该算法可以得到综合最优的调度路线。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.