N-乙烯基己内酰胺的合成及放大

以己内酰胺和乙炔为原料,己内酰胺与叔丁醇钾制得的己内酰胺钾盐为催化剂,对叔丁基邻苯二酚为阻聚剂合成N-乙烯基己内酰胺.考察催化剂用量、阻聚剂用量、搅拌速率、反应温度及反应时间对产品收率的影响.用红外光谱仪、核磁共振波谱和质谱对产品结构进行表征.并依据小试条件进行放大实验.结果表明:在催化剂用量为3.5%,阻聚剂用量为0.04%(以己内酰胺质量计),搅拌速率200r/min,温度90℃,反应8h的优化工艺条件下,产品收率为75.4%,质量分数达99.87%.放大40倍后,产品收率为74.6%.     

络合萃取法处理己内酰胺废水

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)作为络合剂，三氯乙烯为稀释剂，研究了相比、结合剂浓度、溶液pH值等条件的改变对络合萃取处理己内酰胺废水效果的影响，结果表明，在相比为13(水相体积有机相体积)、络合剂质量分数为30％、pH=5的条件下用络合萃取法处理己内酰胺废水的效果较好。     

旱柳嫩枝化学成分研究

采用水煮法对干燥旱柳嫩枝进行提取,提取液浓缩至小体积依次用乙酸乙酯和正丁醇进行萃取,制得乙酸乙酯萃取物和正丁醇萃取物,利用硅胶柱色谱分别对乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取物进行分离和纯化,得到了5个化合物,通过理化性质及波谱数据分析鉴定它们的结构分别为:水杨醇(1),水杨苷(2),邻苯二酚(3),对羟基苯甲酸(4),水杨酸(5)。干燥旱柳嫩枝乙酸乙酯萃取物中含量最多的是邻苯二酚(3)。占乙酸乙酯萃取物的质量分数为2.6%。正丁醇萃取物中含量最多的是水杨苷(2),占正丁醇萃取物的质量分数为14.5%。     

在固态和熔融态下 RESS过程制备萘的超细颗粒

针对传统RESS过程中存在着颗粒质量和产量问题,本文分别以超临界CO2作为溶剂在萘的固态和熔融状态下利用RESS过程制备了萘的超细颗粒,研究了萘在固态和熔融态下各种操作变量,如萃取温度和压力、膨胀前温度和喷嘴尺寸等对产品尺寸的影响。结果表明,膨胀前温度和萃取压力的作用规律相同,提高膨胀前温度则颗粒变大,提高萃取温度,颗粒尺寸变小;而在熔融状态下反之,在该研究范围内,喷嘴尺寸的熔融态和固态下对颗粒尺寸影响不大。     

管式填料反应器合成无水过氧乙酸用于柴油均相氧化脱硫

采用管式填料反应器在丙酮溶剂中进行乙醛液相氧化合成无水过氧乙酸,用所制备的过氧乙酸对加氢柴油进行均相氧化脱硫,并考察了氧化脱硫的温度、时间以及萃取剂乙酸溶液(含5%的水)和过氧乙酸产品用量对脱硫效果的影响.试验结果表明,当过氧乙酸产品用量为理论用量的2倍、脱硫氧化反应温度为50 ℃、脱硫氧化反应时间为30 min、萃取剂用量为氧化柴油的2倍时,氧化脱硫后加氢柴油的硫含量可从295.8 mg/kg降到13.4 mg/kg,脱硫效率达95.5%,柴油收率达93.8%.用过氧乙酸对加氢柴油进行均相氧化脱硫,可使柴油的硫含量小于15 mg/kg的最新国际指标.     

催化重柴油加氢后的催化裂解性能

催化重柴油芳烃含量高,加氢后仍难以作为车用柴油调和组分。对密度为934.0 kg/m3、芳烃质量分数为72.06%(其中双环芳烃质量分数为35.86%)的催化重柴油加氢前后的催化裂解性能进行研究。催化重柴油芳烃中以双环芳烃为主,通过加氢将其部分饱和得到环烷芳香烃,然后进行催化裂解,转化成汽油馏分芳烃和以烯烃为主的液化气。结果表明:加氢处理后的催化重柴油具有较好的裂解性能,柴油中的多环芳烃经加氢成为更易裂解的环烷芳香烃,有效减少了多环芳烃的含量,其裂解能力得到明显改善,转化率较催化重柴油直接裂解提高了19.09个百分点;产物中汽油收率增加16.60个百分点,且汽油中芳烃含量高(47.29%)、烯烃含量低(12.50%),是较好的高辛烷值汽油调和组分;液化气收率达到16.58%,其中丙烯、异丁烯在液化气中含量分别达到了42.70%和10.80%。     

快速分析香料槟榔片的挥发性组分

采用顶空固相微萃取气质联用(HS-SPME-GC/MS)法分析检测香料槟榔片的挥发性香味组分,探讨萃取时间和萃取温度对所鉴定出的化合物数量及其质量分数的影响,确定固相微萃取的优化条件为:萃取时间30 min,萃取温度60℃。此时槟榔色谱共分离得到35种化合物,可鉴别出29种物质,其主要组分是反式茴香醚(w=25.573%)、己酸(w=17.227%)、肉桂醛(w=11.658%)、4-甲氧基安息香醛(w=4.513%)、十二烷酸(w=4.463%)和己醛(w=3.459%)等。     

基于成分-抗氧化关联的洋蓟花苞不同溶剂萃取物差异分析

基于成分-抗氧化关联模式探究洋蓟花苞不同溶剂萃取物中活性成分质量分数及抗氧化功能差异。分别采用水、70%甲醇、70%乙醇和70%丙酮萃取洋蓟花苞,通过对比各种萃取物中总多酚、总黄酮的质量分数,并利用1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)、2,2′-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)阳离子清除能力和总还原能力评估其抗氧化活性,综合分析洋蓟花苞不同萃取物主要活性成分质量分数与抗氧化能力之间的相关性。结果表明：70%乙醇洋蓟花苞萃取物中总多酚、总黄酮质量分数最大,为(9.14±0.12) mg/g和(13.46±0.42) mg/g; 70%甲醇萃取物综合抗氧化能力最强,清除DPPH、ABTS⁺的IC₅₀值分别为0.43 mg/mL和0.10 mg/mL,其萃取物还原力为0.5时对应的萃取物质量浓度(A_0.5)为6.42 mg/mL。相关性分析结果显示,总多酚和总黄酮质量分数与DPPH、ABTS⁺清除力呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。70%甲醇洋蓟花苞萃取物中含有丰富的多...     

溶剂萃取-重结晶法提纯氨基甲酸甲酯

用氯仿作为萃取剂,研究了用尿素醇解法合成氨基甲酸甲酯(简称MC)粗产品的提纯方法.粗产品与氯仿在50℃恒温条件下萃取1 h,恒温过滤,滤液自然降温至室温,在室温下重结晶20 min,所得结晶在45℃烘箱中干燥30 min,可获得质量分数达99.9%的MC产品.由粗品一次萃取-结晶的MC回收率超过92%.     

DNBP生产废水的萃取预处理

为解决4,6–二硝基邻仲丁基苯酚(DNBP)生产过程中的废水污染问题,通过萃取法对该废水进行预处理.萃取最佳实验条件:利用磷酸三丁酯作为萃取剂,煤油为稀释剂,萃取剂的体积分数为70%,萃取时间为30,min,V(废水)∶V(萃取剂)=5∶1,原水不调节pH,直接进行萃取,萃取级数选择两级.在此条件下COD去除率达到80%.同时,NaOH溶液质量分数为20%,V(有机相)∶V(NaOH溶液)=3∶1时,反萃效果最好.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.