2012-05 科技期刊亮点

青藏高原湖泊沉积重建历史气候环境变迁生活在湖泊中的小型双壳类动物-介形类之壳体和营养体纤细的沉水性植物-轮藻类之藏卵器,能真实记录湖区各种气候和环境变化信息,是研究古环境古气候演变的好材料。中国地质科学院矿产资源研究所郑绵平院士根据西藏台错地区的湖泊沉积物化石,以及化石和碳酸盐的碳氧稳定同位素的测试数据重建了其所代表的41.4—4.5千年期间气候环境,     

辽西早白垩世义县组大康堡层纹泥的古环境意义

辽西地区义县组湖泊沉积层中产出著名的“热河生物群”化石,对于此时期古环境的研究一直是诸多学者关注的焦点.本文对大康堡层湖相纹泥展开研究,重建此时期古环境.通过野外及室内对纹泥组成、类型、厚度等方面的观测,对此时期古气候有了新的认识.纹泥厚度特征变化表明沉积期降水量和沉积速率逐渐减小,统计洪水沉积间纹层数量可指示沉积期洪水事件的频率和规模.结合近现代纹泥形成和保存条件,可知该地区沉积期湖泊水体较深,湖水分层,存在一个缺氧环境,具有较小的表面积/深度比,湖盆形态适合,未受到风的侵扰.     

青藏高原东北部不同地理单元全新世湖泊演化与模拟

选择青藏高原东北部地区3个典型湖泊:猪野泽(干旱区)、青海湖(高原区)、小柴达木湖(柴达木盆地)为研究对象,基于流域能量与水量平衡模型,利用古岸堤高程和年代学证据重建古湖泊面积、古降水量与古径流量,运用虚拟湖泊能量与水量平衡模型连续模拟全新世湖泊演化过程,结合古气候代用指标分析湖泊演化与气候变化的驱动机制.结果表明, 3个典型湖泊重建结果与模拟结果较为一致;猪野泽中全新世湖泊水位变化主要受降水因素影响,晚全新世湖泊水位变化主要受控于蒸发因素;青海湖全新世湖泊水位变化主要受季风降水影响;小柴达木湖全新世湖泊水位变化幅度小,中全新世湖泊水位变化主要受西风影响,晚全新世湖泊水位主要受控于蒸发因素.     

广西金鸡滩库区水深梯度下的硅藻生态特征研究

基于生物群落结构的生态水文特征,特别是水深梯度下的硅藻生物群落差异为研究历史水位变迁提供了重要依据,亦为水质生物监测的合理采样水深提供参考意见.通过采集金鸡滩库区不同水深下的附生硅藻,研究了喀斯特地区水深梯度下的硅藻分布特征,探讨了金鸡滩库区硅藻种属对水深变化的响应.研究结果表明曲壳藻属是该库区的绝对优势种,在2.2m深处达到峰值;在水深梯度上,桥弯藻属和脆杆藻属的丰度减小,异极藻属和直链藻属的丰度增加.硅藻的生态类群特征为:硅藻种群的耐污性和N-异氧类群增加,营养偏好和pH偏好呈波动变化,盐度偏好变化不明显.在不同水深下,各指数的相对离散程度很低,认为在合理水深内的生物采样对水质生物评价影响较小;在响应水深梯度上,SHE是所有生物指数中较理想的.该研究结果为重塑本地区的古水位、古洪水提供了重要的理论依据,对硅藻生物监测水质具有一定的指导意义.     

河北三大洼淀表层沉积硅藻与水质的关系

选取了河北省三大主要洼淀为研究对象,分季节采集水样和表层底泥,做水质和硅藻分析.运用综合营养指数法(TLI)定量评价(白洋淀、衡水湖、永年洼)富营养状况,定性分析了其富营养及沉积硅藻组合对水质的响应.研究结果表明:河北三大洼淀水质均呈现富营养状态,硅藻组合对其具有较好的响应.沉积硅藻的持续研究,将为湖泊的富营养治理提供科学依据.     

西藏湖泊表层沉积物硅藻组合及其环境影响因素

通过对西藏20个不同类型湖泊表层沉积物中硅藻属种分析鉴定,共发现10科27属212种硅藻,以喜碱性硅藻为主.其中相对优势属为Navicula(17.5%),Nitzschia(10.8%),Cymbella(8.5%),Fragilaria(8.5%),Gomphonema(7.1%),Pinnularia(6.1%);相对优势种为Denticula elegans,Fragilaria pinnata,Nitzschia denticula,其次为Navicula cincta var.leptocephala,Fragilaria leptostauron var.martyi,Amphora ovalis var.pediculus.研究表明:盐度指标T DS,SC,ρ(Mg2+),ρ(Mg2+)/ρ(Ca2+),ρ(CO2-3+HCO-3)和碱度是藏北湖泊硅藻分布的主控因素,pH值对硅藻种属组合特征也有明显控制作用.Denticula elegans可在电导率为3.98 mS/cm的环境中良好生长;Nitzschia denticula在西藏地区对pH的最高适应值达10.56;Fragilaria pinnata最优生长环境pH值为8.68,电导率为0.30 mS/cm;Fragilaria leptostauron var.martyi对盐度有一定的耐受能力,可在SC最高达3.98 mS/cm的环境中生长;Amphora ovalis var.pediculus在西藏地区最适生长环境SC为0.48 mS/cm,pH值为10.26;微咸水种Amphora veneta具有较强的耐盐性,能在盐度为345 mg/L的环境中大量生长;Opephora martyi的大量生长可能指示了营养良好的水体环境.     

豫西渑池盆地沉积剖面粒度特征及其环境意义

渑池盆地是黄河中游的一处峡谷,周边的黄河两岸是中华民族的重要发祥地之一.研究盆地区全新世以来的环境变化过程对新石器时代人类文明的研究具有重要意义.本文通过对渑池盆地池底村古湖泊沉积进行剖面观察、连续采样、14C年代测定(校正为日历年龄)和粒度组成分析,发现剖面沉积物的粒度特征较好地反映了渑池盆地的古气候和古湖泊水位变化情况.剖面粒度组成和粒度参数等变化特征揭示,渑池盆地末次冰盛期以来古湖盆流域的气候环境演化序列为:19 543～8 039 cal.a BP期间,早期对应于末次冰期,气候比较干燥,古湖泊尚未形成,进入全新世气候由干冷向暖湿化方向转变,古湖泊开始形成;8 039～3 473 cal.a BP期间,气候环境处在一个相对比较稳定的时期,此阶段相当于全新世大暖期,气候温暖湿润,湖泊水位最高;3 473～2 897 cal.a BP期问,气候波动剧烈,总体上气候较前一段干旱,湖泊水位下降;2 897～2 422 cal.a BP期间,气候干旱,古湖泊干涸.渑池盆地的环境变化过程与周边地区有较好的对应性.     

榕江平原全新世硅藻记录与古环境重建

通过对榕江平原揭阳地区钻孔ZK01和ZK02硅藻记录的分析,结合沉积学特征和年代数据,重建榕江平原全新世以来的古环境演化。约10.4～8.5 ka B.P.,钻孔所在地尚未受到海水影响,发育河漫滩-淡水沼泽环境。8.5～5.5 ka B.P.海水入侵,形成潮间带沼泽-潮滩相沉积。5.5～3.9 ka B.P.本区为河口湾环境,约5.5 ka B.P.海侵影响达到最大,硅藻总丰度和分异度达到最高值。3.9～3.7 ka B.P.发生一次短暂海退,硅藻总丰度明显下降,ZK01孔发育咸水沼泽相沉积,ZK02孔仍为河口湾相沉积。3.7～2.4 ka B.P.海平面再次上升至相对稳定,研究区持续发育河口湾环境,期间出现3次小规模的水深变化旋回。2.4 ka B.P以来海水退出,河流作用增强,研究区发育三角洲平原相沉积。     

东平湖硅藻群落结构特征及其与水环境的关系

东平湖位于淮海经济区北部,是国家南水北调东线工程的关键调蓄湖,其水环境状况对于调水水质安全具有重要意义.硅藻是指示湖泊水环境的敏感指标,在湖泊水质监测中有着广泛应用.为了解东平湖的水环境状况,2011年分季节对东平湖硅藻样品和水样进行了采集分析.研究表明:东平湖硅藻有16属43种,主要以部分附生和浮游种为主;优势属种有Achnanthes minutissima,Aulacoseira ambigua,Aulacoseira granulata,Fragilaria capucina v.vaucheriea,Synedra tenera,Synedra ulna v.acus等.冗余分析(RDA)结果共解释物种数据累计方差的28.1%;Monte Carlo检验表明,东平湖水体中COD,pH值、总P和深度是影响底栖动物群落分布最关键的环境因子(F=2.04~2.85,p0.05).总体来看,目前东平湖整体水质处于中营养及中营养向富营养方向转化之中,今后要特别注意湖区人类活动增强后对湖泊的污染,以确保南水北调输水水质的安全.     

中国陆相硅藻土物化特征及对硅藻生长、堆埋环境指示意义

根据国内硅藻土矿床中硅藻土的硅藻化石组合、物相、化学成份及微量元素特征的分析,对我国地质时期硅藻的生长环境及堆埋条件进行了深入研究,结果表明:1)硅藻生长的水体基本上为陆相淡水湖泊型,其生长所需的硅藻质SiO2主要来源于火山作用;从中新世、上新世到第四纪,硅藻生长的湖盆总体上存在着由浅覆、超覆到退覆沼泽化的演替趋势;同时,气候也相应出现了稳定、动荡至稳定的演化格局.2)硅藻堆积过程中成矿盆地伴随有明显的地壳差异性升降运动,其堆埋的介质条件多为碱性或偏碱性.图4,表3,参23.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.