苦皮藤根皮化学成分的研究

苦皮藤(Celastrus augulatus Maxim)亦叫苦树皮、菜药,属卫矛科南蛇藤属植物。在我国长江、黄河流域各省区分布很广。其根皮和叶子一直被民间作为杀虫药使用,也可以入药用来治疗疔疮肿疼,具有清热解毒功能,其中根皮的杀虫作用最好。苦皮藤叶子的化学成分已有报道。叶子中含有槲皮素、异槲皮甙、茴香甙、金丝桃甙等黄酮类化合物。苦皮藤根皮的化学成份及杀虫有效组分均未见报道。     

不同杀虫剂对土遗址中金针虫的杀虫效果

实验采用叶片载毒饲虫法测试了苦皮藤素、甲拌磷乳液、报春花三种杀虫剂对金针虫的急性毒性。结果表明:在同一浓度(4%)的三种药物中,苦皮藤对金针虫的杀虫效果最好,12h内杀虫效率可达98%以上;在不同浓度的苦皮藤素中,4%的苦皮藤素杀虫效果最为突出,8h即达93%,而2%的苦皮藤素在12h内杀虫效率也可达90%以上。本研究为危害土遗址安全的常见害虫——金针虫的防治工作提供了毒理学依据。     

卫矛科植物化学成分的生物活性研究

0 引言某些卫矛科(Celastraceae)植物,如苦皮藤(Celastrus angulatus),是我国历史上常用的杀虫植物。近年来,为了开发利用无毒或低毒的植物性农药,卫矛科植物的研究日益受到重视。最近,我们从一种分布甚广的卫矛科植物—白杜(Euonymusbungeanus)的种子油中分离出5种倍半萜化合物(1-5),它们的结构经红外,核磁,质谱等光谱方法和化学方法确定为1β(α-甲基丁酰氧基)-2β,9α-二(β-呋喃甲酰氧基)-4α-     

苦皮藤愈伤组织中有效成分的提取与测定

为扩大苦皮藤有效成分的来源,减轻对野生植物资源的需求压力,以苦皮藤素A含量为比较标准,对苦皮藤愈伤组织中有效成分的提取及其含量进行研究结果发现,以甲醇为提取溶剂采用回流提取时,料液比1∶8、60℃提取1.5 h,苦皮藤种子、叶和茎为外植体的愈伤组织苦皮藤素A提取率最高,皮藤素A含量茎愈伤组织种子愈伤组织叶愈伤组织.说明苦皮藤种子、叶和茎为外植体的愈伤组织中含有以苦皮藤素A为代表的主要活性成分.     

苦皮藤中新骨架生物碱1,3-氧氮杂环已烷化合物的抗癌活性

从杀虫植物苦皮藤中分离得到两个新骨架生物碱 ,被命名为 1 ,3—氧氮杂环已烷化合物A、B。它们的生物活性被美国国际卫生和抗癌研究中心 (NCI)筛选。通过体外定向肿瘤筛选 ,9个不同种类的 60个细胞株毒理实验结果表明 ,化合物生物碱B显示温和的细胞抗癌活性 ,抗非小细胞肺癌 (NCI—H2 3) ,抑癌细胞生长率GI50 =3.0× 1 0 - 5m(9.6μg/mL)。生物碱A的细胞毒理正在筛选中     

贵州民族药苦皮藤药材质量标准研究

目的:为贵州民族药材苦皮藤建立一个质量控制方法。方法:采用薄层色谱法对苦皮藤药材中儿茶素进行鉴别;采用高效液相色谱法对药材中儿茶素的含量进行测定,色谱条件:JADE-PAK ODS-AQ色谱柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.5%冰醋酸溶液(7.8∶92.2)为流动相,检测波长280 nm,柱温30℃,流速1.0 mL/min。结果:薄层色谱法鉴别苦皮藤药材的特征斑点清晰,分离度良好;儿茶素在0.12μg～1.56μg范围内线性关系良好,线性回归方程为y=369.51x-1.7732(r=0.9999),精密度及加样回收试验结果符合质量标准研究的要求。结论:该法简便易用,专属性好、结果准确,可用于苦皮藤药材的质量控制。     

苗药苦皮藤的化学成分研究

目的:研究苗药苦皮藤石油醚部位化学成分。方法:采用硅胶柱色谱和重结晶进行分离纯化,根据波谱数据结合文献鉴定其结构。结果:从苦皮藤根石油醚部位中分离鉴定得到6个化合物：13,14-dihydroxy-8,11,13-podocarpatrien-7-one(1)、β-香树脂醇(2)、9(11),12-dieneoleana-3β-ol(3)、Friedelin(4)、4-二甲基庚二酸(5)、正十六烷酸(6)。结论:从苦皮藤石油醚部位中分离得到6个化合物,包括4个萜类、2个脂肪酸,其中化合物1-6为首次苦皮藤中获得。     

苦皮藤中两个倍半萜多酯

苦皮藤中两个倍半萜多酯杨立１）王艳红２）涂永强１）陈耀祖１，３）（１）兰州大学应用有机国家重点实验室，兰州７３００００；２）中山大学化学与化学工程学院；３）浙江大学化学系）关键词卫矛科，南蛇藤属，苦皮藤，倍半萜多酯，结构鉴定分类号Ｏ６２４．４２１苦...     

苦豆子生物碱的农用活性初步研究

本研究选择测定了从苦豆子中提取的几种主要生物碱和总生物碱的抑菌、杀虫、除草和植物生长调节活性 ,结果显示其杀虫活性明显高于其它三方面 ,且杀虫活性亦具有显著的选择性 ,为其作为农用药物的开发研制获得了一些基础信息     

几种中药材提取物对中药材仓储害虫的防治作用研究

为了在不引入外缘化学合成物质的条件下减少仓储害虫对中药材的危害,利用几种中药材的乙醇粗提物研究其对常见中药材仓储害虫的防治效果.结果表明,在施用相当于2 g/mL药材浓度的提取物1 mL处理72 h时,苦皮藤提取物对锯谷盗的触杀率、苦楝皮提取物对赤拟谷盗的触杀率均达90%以上;处理48 h,辛夷提取物对锯谷盗、苦楝皮提取物对赤拟谷盗、苦皮藤提取物对赤拟谷盗和药材甲的熏杀率均达80%以上;施药48 h内辛夷和鲜姜提取物对药材甲驱避率、苦皮藤提取物对锯谷盗驱避率都在80%以上.辛夷、黄花蒿、苦楝皮、苦皮藤、鲜姜5种药材的乙醇粗提物对药材甲、锯谷盗、赤拟谷盗3种中药材仓储害虫均表现一定的触杀、熏蒸和驱避作用.     

植物细胞工程实验课程改革

文章从整合和优化实验教学内容入手,建立以系统性、综合性实验为主的多层次实验教学体系,并通过多种形式组织实验教学、建立健全考核方式等方面,介绍了植物细胞工程实验教学改革中的一些做法,以期提高实验教学效果,提高学生综合素质和培养创新型人才。     

提高乙烯装置丙烯收率的有效措施

丙烯收率是乙烯装置的一项主要经济技术指标 ,1 998年齐鲁乙烯装置改造后 ,造成碳三分离系统的丙烯损失较大。为了提高丙烯收率 ,与华东理工大学合作 ,分别开发了丙烯精馏塔塔顶、塔釜丙烯浓度神经网络软测量技术。对原控制方案进行了改进 ,并优化了工艺条件。该优化系统的投运 ,大大提高了丙烯收率 ,取得了较为理想的效果     

静电场对碗豆幼苗膜透性影响与跨膜电导率

根据静电场作用下碗豆幼苗膜透性的试验结果,应用分子力学方法研究了离子跨膜输运能量,将植物细胞膜内部模拟为两个介电常烽不同的空间电荷区,建立离子跨膜模型,导出了界面势垒的静电荷密度与界面电导率,并从电子水平研究植物细胞畸变机理。     

Ethanol metabolism in calluses of several selected plant species on two typical plant-growth-regulator balanced media

For investigation on the characteristics of ethanol metabolism in tissues of different plant species, calluses from eight selected plant species were cultured on medium supplemented with ethanol in tightly sealed culture flasks. Changes of the ethanol level were detected by gas chromatography. During the culture period, the calluses of tobacco, potato and petunia were, able to catabolize exogenous ethanol, resulting in the prominent decline of the ethanol level in the medium. The calluses of melon and peanut were also able to catabolize thanol but with lower efficiency. The other three calluses of carrot, soybean and rice did not catabolize ethanol but instead produced small to large amount of ethanol, resulting in the increase of the ethanol level in the media. It was also found that changing the balance between auxin and cytokinin could influence only the ethanol metabolism efficiency but could not change the metabolism patterns on ethanol of the cultured calluses. It can be concluded that, ethanol metabolism pattern of calluses in cultures is an innate physiological characteristic of the respective plant species. Foundation item: Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 950406) Biography: Yang Yue-sheng (1957-), male, Professor, research direction: plant physiology and plant cell engineering.     

The plant diversity and its relationship with paleoenvironment since 2.78 Ma revealed by pollen records in the Heqing deep drilling core

Multifold palynological diversity indices calculated by pollen data of the Heqing deep drilling core are synthetically analyzed, the results show that the plant diversity rapidly increased and its fluctuant am- plitude and frequency evidently largened during the stages of 2.729--2.608 Ma, 1.176--0.342 Ma and since 0.118 Ma respectively, while during the other periods the plant diversity was relatively low with a gentle fluctuation. To discuss further the relation between ancient plant diversity and paleoenvironment, it is considered that the plant diversity in the Heqing region lies on increase or decrease of vertical vegetational belts in mountains around the studied area and richness of components of these vegeta- tional belts, and is controlled by amplitude of tectonic uplift of mountains and climatic changes. The high plant diversity during 2.729--2.608 Ma responded to the strong uplift of mountains at the stage, while the plant diversity greatly increased and its fluctuant amplitude and frequency markedly largened at about 1.176 Ma was obviously response to the Middle Pleistocene Transition. The plant diversity and its fluctuant amplitude and frequency increased further at about 0.991 Ma may be superposably affected by both the Middle Pleistocene Transition and the tectonic uplift. The plant diversity increased since 0.118 Ma may indicate that the southwest monsoon strengthened and humid climate more fitted many kinds of plants to grow.     

Search for new antiphytovirucides

A convenient method to synthesize substituted 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl) benzimidazoles is reported. Six title compounds have been synthesized by the reaction of salicylic acid and 4-substituted0-phenylenediamine in the presence pyridine-POCl₃. Three compounds were tested as plant virucide against tobacco mosaic virus and they exhibited some activities. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, and National Laboratory of Elemento Organic Chemistry of Naikai University Huang Xiaoling: born in 1938, Professer     

氯甲基膦酸压力合成法制备镇草宁的中间工厂规模系统研究

<正>本文提出了一个中间工厂规模制备镇草宁(南林Z型)的新方法。研究的结果表明此法具有工艺简单、在安全操作方面设备和自控系统先进、三废和环境污染极少等优点。     

Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis of living and fossil plants—Metasequoia as an example

Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis preformed on modern and fossil plants has made a significant impact on diverse research fields in biology and geology. Using living and fossil Metasequoia as an example, we review the technology of online GC-IRMS that made the molecular analysis of hydrogen isotope possible and discuss critical issues concerning with the studies of molecular dD and its applications. The apparent hydrogen fractionation factors between lipid molecules and source water (ewater–lipid) vary across plant taxonomy and differ among biomolecules and are affected by multiple environmental factors in which precipitation dD values exercise the first order of control. Eco-physiological factors and environmental parameters are also known to influence dD in plants. Molecular hydrogen isotope analysis of chemically stable lipid molecules, such as n-alkanes, finds a wide range of applications in detecting source sediments, reconstruction of paleoclimatic parameters, inference of air-mass trajectory, as well as in petroleum industry and environmental studies.     

Life history traits and mechanisms of endangerment inRanalisma rostratum

Ranalisma rostratum (Alismataceae) is an endangered aquatic plant, and now there is only one population existing in China. In its natural habitat, Huli marsh in Chaling, Hunan province, the best growing plants have been observed at microsites where the water depth is 5∼10cm, and the plants grow in emergent form.R. rostratum reproduces asexually or sexually. The recruitment of asexual propagules into population is a very important way to maintain the natural population size. Although seed production does not appear to limitR. rostratum, restricted dispersal of propagules and seeds, low seed viability, low germinability, slow growth of seedlings under all conditions, and habitat loss due to agriculture appear to be more important reasons for the endangerment of this plant. Supported by the national Natural Science Foundation of China Wang Jianbo: born in 1964, Ph. D, Associate professor