美国白蛾越冬代成虫羽化规律及产卵习性的研究

对美国白蛾越冬代成虫羽化规律及产卵习性进行了研究 ,找出了影响羽化及产卵的关键气候因子。即连续 5d日平均气温达到 1 2℃、RH在 6 8%以上时 ,越冬代成虫开始羽化 ;连续 5～ 6d日平均气温高于 1 6℃时 ,出现羽化高峰 ;当日平均气温低于 1 5 7℃时 ,出现羽化低峰。雄成虫比雌成虫羽化始期早 8d ,羽化末期晚 5d ;雄成虫趋光性和飞翔能力强于雌成虫 ,但存活时间短于雌成虫 ;雌成虫的产卵量受产卵环境影响 ,不交尾的雌成虫产卵量极少     

松墨天牛的人工饲育技术研究

【目的】 为了获得虫龄整齐、生理状态一致的幼虫及虫体内无松材线虫的成虫,开展了松墨天牛的室内人工饲育技术研究。【方法】 利用自行配制的人工饲料3种配方:A(松树木屑100 g+琼脂40 g+蔗糖20 g+酵母粉12.5 g+安息香酸钠2 g+山梨酸钾1 g+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ 10 mL+水800 mL)+B(松树木屑100 g+琼脂40 g+蔗糖20 g+酵母粉12.5 g+安息香酸钠2 g+山梨酸钾1 g+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ 10 mL+胆固醇1.5 g+抗坏血酸4 g+酪蛋白20 g+氯化胆碱1 g+水800 mL)+C(松树木屑100 g+琼脂40 g+蔗糖20 g+酵母粉12.5 g+安息香酸钠2 g+山梨酸钾1 g+0.5 mol/L H₂SO₄ 10 mL+麦胚粉25 g+胆固醇1.5 g+抗坏血酸4 g+酪蛋白20 g+氯化胆碱1 g+水800 mL),比较了人工饲料配方对松墨天牛发育历期及生活力的影响。【结果】A、B、C 3种人工饲料饲养的松墨天牛幼虫均可正常生长发育。发现取食配方A的幼虫发育历期平均为(90.6±9.3)d,蛹期为(11.9±1.3)d,化蛹率为6.4%,羽化率为66.7%。化蛹7 d后,雌、雄蛹质量分别为(0.37±0.03)g和(0.30±0.04)g; 羽化7 d后,雌、雄成虫体质量分别为(0.27±0.03)g和(0.21±0.02)g,取食配方B的幼虫发育历期平均为(71.9±4.0)d,蛹期为(12.8±0.7)d,化蛹率为18%,羽化率为75.8%。化蛹7 d后,雌、雄蛹质量分别为(0.33±0.02)g和(0.27±0.03)g; 羽化7 d后,雌、雄成虫体质量分别为(0.29±0.02)g和(0.22±0.03)g,取食配方C的幼虫的发育历期平均为(71.3±2.0)d,蛹期为(11.1±0.3)d,化蛹率为58.3%,羽化率为88.1%。化蛹7 d后,雌、雄蛹质量分别为(0.63±0.03)g和(0.49±0.03)g; 羽化7 d后,雌、雄成虫体质量分别为(0.53±0.03)g和(0.43±0.03)g。【结论】 以取食配方C饲养的天牛幼虫,其发育的各项指标均明显优于以取食配方A和B饲养的天牛。     

实验室群体饲养条件下分月扇舟蛾生物学特性初步研究

恒温条件下 (2 8± 0 .5℃ ,12 h光照 )在南京林业大学实验室内群体饲养研究下 ,分月扇舟蛾 (Closteraanastomosis L.)的生物学特性 ,并与文献记录的自然条件下分月扇舟蛾的生物特性比较。结果表明 ,分月扇舟蛾成虫体长为♂ 10～ 13mm,♀ 12～ 15 mm,老熟幼虫体长 2 5～ 32 m m,均小于自然种群中的个体。幼虫每隔 2～ 3d蜕皮 1次 ,共蜕皮 4次 ,幼虫历期 11d,蛹期 4 d。蛹重平均为 14 8.4 m g。成虫羽化过程需 2 0～ 2 5 min,羽化历期 4～ 12 d。成虫羽化数小时后即可交尾 ,交尾时间长达 8～ 2 3h,可多次交尾。交尾后数小时即可产卵 ,每雌产卵量为 2 30～ 5 30粒 ,平均 312粒。卵从第 6 d开始孵化 ,孵化率可达 90 %以上。世代周期为 2 2 d。实验室饲养条件下分月扇舟蛾的生物学特性与自然条件下有较大的差异。     

惠东黄蚜小蜂生物学特性初步研究

惠东黄蚜小蜂是林业重要入侵害虫—松突圆蚧的本地寄生性天敌之一,开展惠东黄蚜小蜂的生物学特性研究,可为其将来的人工保护和利用提供依据.研究结果表明,成蜂的多数形态特征与其近缘种相似,但在触角式、产卵器的相对长度方面存有明显区别;在15～35℃,成蜂个体寿命随着温度升高而缩短且雌蜂寿命长于雄蜂;在(25±1)℃,RH(70±10)%条件下,卵期发育历期为(2.3±0.4)d,幼虫期(12.8±1.5)d,蛹(8.5±0.8)d,全世代历期为23.6 d,有效积温为301日度,发育起点温度9.227℃.成蜂羽化后,即可立即取食20%蜜水,羽化主要在白天12:00～16:00进行,成蜂具有较强正趋光性;在林间,虫口密度高峰发生于4～6月,种群性比为7.15∶1,可能存在产雌孤雌生殖现象.     

蓝目天蛾生物学特性

蓝目天蛾在西宁地区每年发生2代，以蛹在寄主植物附近5—10cm深的土层中作土室越冬。翌年5月中旬开始，越冬代成虫陆续羽化出土，6月中旬达到高峰。当年第一代成虫7月下旬始见，8月下旬至9月上旬达到高峰。成虫具有较强的趋光性，平均寿命30d。每雌产卵量250粒左右，卵多散产于嫩枝或粗枝的隐面，卵期平均8d。幼虫5个龄期，完成发育平均历期37d，取食约160片柳叶。蛹期20d。7、8月份以第一代的幼虫危害较重。     

枸杞储藏害虫印度谷螟生物学生态学特性研究初报

通过对危害储藏枸杞的印度谷螟(Plodia interpunctella)生物学生态学特性的试验观察发现,在常温仓储条件下的越冬幼虫死亡率高达86.3%,仅11.1%可化蛹,羽化为成虫.18～22 ℃时印度谷螟成虫、卵、幼虫、蛹的发育历期分别为8.8,9.8,39.4,8.8 d,完成1代需要66.8 d.枸杞干果含水量与幼虫发育历期呈反比,与蛹的发育历期呈正比.卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫及1个世代的发育起点温度分别为12.9,8.8,11.9,12.5,11.2 ℃,有效积温分别为59.7,481.5,130.4,62.8,692.3 d·℃.印度谷螟在银川地区可发生的理论代数为2.67代,与实际饲养观察的年发生世代基本吻合.     

郑州地区丝带凤蝶形态、生物学特性和生活史研究

通过野外观察、室内饲养等方法对郑州地区丝带凤蝶的生活史及生物学习性进行研究,记录了丝带凤蝶卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫等各虫态、各虫龄的发育历期和生物学习性.结果表明:丝带凤蝶在郑州地区一年发生4代,以蛹在石缝、落叶或土中越冬.卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫发育历期分别为:5~7d,19~24d,7~9d,12~15d,其中1~5龄幼虫发育历期分别为:3~5d、3~4d、4~7d、4~6d、5~7d.以蛹越冬,越冬蛹期190~220d.初孵幼虫无取食卵壳行为,低龄幼虫有群集取食习性.另外,对各虫态、各虫龄的外部形态也进行了详细描述.     

实验条件下突角漠甲(鞘翅目:拟步甲科)生物学特性研究

在宁夏银川室内自然条件下研究了突角漠甲的生物学特性.结果表明,突角漠甲3 a发生1代,以成虫和不同龄期的幼虫在沙土中越冬;成虫于4～9月份交尾产卵,卵期为10～14 d;幼虫一般为7龄,幼虫期长达1.8～2.0a,幼虫经过2次越冬于第3年6月中旬至8月下旬化蛹,蛹期为10～12 d;羽化成虫经210～280 d性成熟开...     

甘肃冷杉尺蠖生物学特性及防治研究

甘肃冷杉尺蠖在白龙江、洮河林区2年完成1代,以幼虫和蛹交替越冬。6月下旬成虫开始羽化,7月中旬为羽化盛期,雌雄性比为1.2∶1,成虫羽化后2~5d开始产卵,卵历期35~45 d,8月上旬幼虫开始孵化,幼虫5龄,历期90~105 d,8月下旬老熟幼虫开始下树进入枯枝落叶层内化蛹,9月中旬为化蛹高峰,蛹期310~330d。幼虫有吐丝迁移的习性。在白龙江、洮河林区主要发生于海拔2900~3300m的高山地带,以郁闭度在0.7以上的幼龄冷杉纯林受害最重。潮湿、凉爽的气候条件有利于该虫的发生,鸟类取食和菌类寄生对其种群数量影响极大。采取以生物防治、物理防治和营林措施为主,辅以化学防治的方法,可有效减轻其危害。     

稻水象甲生活习性及发生规律调查研究

稻水象甲是水稻检疫性害虫,在留坝1年发生1代,以成虫越冬。日均气温达12℃时,成虫开始取食杂草,5月下是至6月下旬迁入稻田产卵为害,7月上旬幼虫化蛹,8月上旬成虫羽化并迁入禾本科杂草上越冬。成虫生活爿性有明显的趋湿性,趋嫩性和趋阴性;幼虫有群集结茧和土中化蛹习性,干旱稻田幼虫存活率低。成虫防治应在5月上旬产卵前,幼虫防治应在6月进行。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.