拓扑指数在酯类化合物沸点 QSPR 研究中的应用

酯类化合物主要是由C、H、O3种元素组成,根据酯类化合物分子中碳原子与氧原子所构成的骨架结构特点,结合原子电负性对化合物性质的影响,将碳原子与氧原子的电负性之比（0．74）作为碳氧单键之间的距离,将氧原子与碳原子电负性之差的2／3（0．59）作为碳氧双键之间的距离,建立酯类化合物的顶点邻接矩阵和距离矩阵,求顶点邻接矩阵与距离矩阵之积构成的新矩阵M的最大特征值T,以特征值T为基础构建新的拓扑指数H（H=（lnT）^2）,结合酯类化合物中含有的碳原予个数Ⅳ,对酯类化合物的沸点进行拓扑学研究,取得了良好的相关性,回归相关系数达到0．998。     

拓扑指数在醚中的应用

根据醚分子中氧原子的结构特点,将氧原子与碳原子的相对分子质量之比作为其分子间距,建立醚分子的距离矩阵和邻接矩阵,将两矩阵相乘构建新的矩阵,利用构建的新矩阵的本征值,对醚的辛醇/水分配系数及溶解度进行拓扑学研究,取得了良好的相关性,相关系数r分别为0.993,0.988。对杂原子的处理后能够较好利用矩阵的本征值对物质的辛醇/水分配系数及溶解度进行拓扑学研究。     

多氯联苯醚(PCDEs)的QSPR研究

以类原子的形式处理多氯联苯醚苯环上的基团(CH和CCl),构建分子的距离矩阵,以分子基团的均衡电负性对原子进行着色建立行矩阵,结合分子的距离矩阵和行矩阵,同时考查分子的相互间的作用情况,建立分子的结构参数——拓扑距离电负性指数.通过计算化合物的拓扑距离电负性指数(TDEI),以107种PCDEs理化性质的实验值为建模样本,建立了PCDEs的定量结构/性质相关(QSPR)模型,相关性良好.最后对107种PCDEs的三个理化性质进行了预测.     

拓扑邻接电负性指数法预测多氯代联苯醚(PCDEs)的理化性质

将PCDEs分子中苯环上的原子或基团(C、O、CH和CCl)作为分子碎片,构建分子的邻接矩阵.再以相应原子或基团的均衡电负性构建行矩阵.结合行矩阵和邻接矩阵,计算得到一个新的指数--拓扑邻接电负性指数(TAEI).以107个PCDEs的理化性质实验值为建模样本,用线性回归方法,建立PCDEs的饱和蒸气压(PL°)、水溶解度(SW.L)和正辛醇/水分配系数(Kow)的定量结构--性质相关(QSPR)模型,有良好的相关性(R＞0.97).特别是对饱和蒸气压(PL0),获得了比已报道的量子化学方法更好的结果.用LOO法检验模型的稳定性和预测能力,所得交互检验的相关系数均在0.95以上.结果表明所建模型复相关系数高、稳定性好、预测能力强.图4,表1,参10.     

有机物溶解度及辛醇/水分配系数的QSPR研究

首先通过对分子图的顶点和边同时着色得到染色分子图。借助于相对键长和点价δｉ来分别代替拓扑距离以及顶点度ｖｉ,并结合邻接矩阵和距离矩阵提出了一个用于表征含多重键、杂原子化合物的拓扑指数Ｘｕ,研究了该拓扑指数与不饱和链烃,卤代苯的溶解度,正辛醇／水分配系数的相关性。     

拓扑指数在脂肪族醛酮胺沸点和摩尔折射中的构效关系研究

通过对杂原子进行"染色",建立了脂肪醛、脂肪酮和脂肪胺化合物分子的距离矩阵和邻接矩阵,在邻接矩阵和距离矩阵的基础上,构建了一种拓扑指数W,将拓扑指数W分别与脂肪醛、脂肪酮和脂肪胺化合物的沸点及摩尔折射进行非线性回归,取得的结果可以用来预测脂肪醛、脂肪酮和脂肪胺化合物的沸点及摩尔折射Rm,这为脂肪族类化合物的研究提供理论基础。     

醇类化合物气相色谱保留指数与分子结构关系的拓扑研究

用碳原子代替醇中的氧,由此构建出结构与原化合物相似的分子.定义原子i的特征值为gi,并在邻接矩阵的基础上提出一个新的连接性指数nT和定位基参数δ,用0T、δ与25种醇在6种固定相上的气相色谱保留指数RI进行关联,其相关系数均大于0.98,预测值与实验值的一致性令人满意.     

一个新的拓扑指数预测烃类化合物临界参数

通过对分子图的顶点和边着色得到染色分子图，并以相对键长和点价δi分别代替拓扑距离及顶点度，结合邻接矩阵和距离矩阵提出了一个用于表征含多重键。杂原子化合物的拓扑指数Xu。研究了该拓扑指数与烷烃、烯烃，炔烃和芳烃临界参数的相关性，结果表明Xu指数与上述化合物理化性质均具有良好的相关性，肯定了本方法的合理性和有效性。     

烷氧基氯硅烷类化合物气相色谱保留指数与结构关系研究

在分子拓扑化学理论的基础上,根据分子中成键原子的结构特征和所处的化学环境,用分子中原子的平衡电负性对分子图进行着色,在距离矩阵的基础上结合分子中各原子的支化度构建一组新的拓扑指数NPm(m=1,2,3).利用多元线性回归技术建立了烷氧基氯硅烷类化合物的NPm(m=1,2,3)与这些化合物的气相色谱保留指数RI的定量结构/保留相关关系模型(QSRR),并用这种模型对烷氧基氯硅烷类化合物气相色谱保留指数进行预测,结果表明预测结果和实验值吻合较好.     

一个新的拓扑指数预测烃类化合物临界参数

通过对分子图的顶点和边着色得到染色分子图，并以相对键长和点价δi分别代替拓扑距离及顶点度，结合邻接矩阵和距离矩阵提出了一个用于表征含多重键、杂原子化合物的拓扑指数Xu.研究了该拓扑指数与烷烃、，烯烃、炔烃和芳烃临界参数的相关性，结果表明Xu指数与上述化舍物理化性质均具有良好的相关性.肯定了本方法的合理性和有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the