硫酸氢钠催化合成已二酸二丁酯

硫酸氢钠能代替硫酸用作酯化反应催化剂。三一水硫酸氢钠存在下，用已二酸和正丁醇合成了已二酸二丁酯。当已二酸、正丁醇和硫酸氢钠的质量比为1:6:0.14。回流分水100min，酯收率达93.8%。同时研究了催化剂的重复使用性能。     

复合催化剂催化合成对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯

研究了在一水硫酸氢钠复合催化剂存在的条件下,由正丁醇和对羟基苯甲酸高收率合成对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯。探讨了一水硫酸氢钠复合催化剂用量、正丁醇用量和反应时间,带水剂的选择等因素对催化合成对羟基苯甲酸正丁酯收率的影响。实验结果表明,当对羟基苯甲酸、正丁醇和硫酸氢钠的摩尔比为1∶2∶0.072,助催化剂在0.1 g、带水剂5 ml时,回流分水4h,酯收率达92.0 %,为最佳条件.     

微波辐射硫酸氢钠催化合成氯乙酸正丁酯

在微波辐射下,以硫酸氢钠为催化剂,由氯乙酸和正丁醇合成氯乙酸正丁酯, 探讨了诸因素对收率的影响.结果表明:硫酸氢钠具有良好的催化活性,当微波功率为中火, 反应时间为15min, 氯乙酸0.1mol,正丁醇0.2mol,催化剂用量为1.0g,环己烷为带水剂用量为10mL时,酯收率可达83.1%,并且催化剂可重复使用.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成没食子酸正丁酯

以没食子酸和正丁醇为原料，采用一水合硫酸氢钠作催化剂合成没食子酸正丁酯．研究了一水合硫酸氢钠用量、正丁醇用量和反应时间对没食子酸正丁酯收率的影响．当没食子酸，正丁醇和硫酸氢钠的物质的量比为1：15：0.034。回流分水5h，酯收率达92．3％．     

微波辐射纳米CeO2催化合成己二酸二丁酯

以己二酸和正丁醇为原料,以纳米CeO2为催化剂,利用微波技术合成了己二酸二丁酯.探讨了微波辐射功率、辐射时间、醇酸摩尔比及催化剂用量等对酯化反应的影响.实验结果表明:较佳的反应条件为:在己二酸用量为0.05 mol时,n (正丁醇):n(己二酸) = 3.0:1,纳米CeO2催化剂用量为反应物总质量的2.5%,微波功率为465W,辐射时间为10 min,酯化率达98%以上.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成乳酸正丁酯

在一水硫酸氢钠存在下，从乳酸和正丁醇能合成乳酸正丁酯，当乳酸、正丁醇和硫酸氢钠的物质的量比为1：3：0.002，回流分水2h，酯收率可达98.6%，同时该催化剂能重复使用。     

己二酸二丁酯制备方法研究进展

评述了对甲苯磺酸、氨基磺酸、强酸性阳离子交换树脂、六水三氯化铁、五水四氯化锡、十二水合硫酸铁铵、硫酸铜、一水硫酸氢钠、硫酸钛、固体超强酸、杂多酸、HZSM-5分子筛和锆酸酯催化制备己二酸二丁酯的方法，这些催化剂是合成己二酸二丁酯的良好催化剂，具有实际应用意义．     

硫酸氢钠催化合成丙酸丁酯

以丙酸和正丁醇为原料,采用硫酸氢钠为催化剂合成了丙酸丁酯.当反应时间为1.5h,醇酸摩尔比为1∶1.3　,催化剂用量1.0g,反应温度为120～125℃,酯的产率可达90%,且催化剂可重复使用、性能良好.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成对羟基苯甲酸丁酯

应用一水硫酸氢钠催化正丁醇与对羟基苯甲酸的酯化反应，合成了对羟基苯甲酸丁酯．研究结果表明，硫酸氢钠具有较高的催化活性．考察了对羟基苯甲酸／正丁醇摩尔比、催化剂用量及反应时间对酯产率的影响．在典型反应条件(对经基苯甲酸／正丁醇／硫酸氢钠的摩尔比＝1：2：0.072，回流分水5h）下，所得对羟基苯甲酸丁酯的产率为92．8％．该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用．     

苯磺酸铜催化合成己二酸酯

以苯磺酸铜为催化剂,由己二酸和正丁醇合成了己二酸二丁酯,实验表明：己二酸0.05mol,醇酸摩尔比2.4/1,催化剂用量0.5mol%（基于己二酸的摩尔百分数,下同）,反应时间2.5h,反应温度85℃～90℃,环己烷5mL作带水剂,酯化率可达95.0%。催化剂重复使用8次,酯化率平均可达89.6%。在此基础上,考察了其它Lewis酸的催化效果,并以苯磺酸铜为催化剂合成了其它7种己二酸酯。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to