改性纤维素吸附剂的制备及其对重金属离子的吸附

纤维素中含有许多亲水性的羟基基团，通过羟基的衍生化反应，可以将其制备成重金属离子的吸附剂。本文首先介绍了改性纤维素吸附刺制备的原料、步骤，接着阐述了改性纤维素吸附重金属离子的机理，最后探讨了影响改性纤维素吸附的一些因素。     

改性纤维素吸附剂对重金属离子的吸收

纤维素中含有许多亲水性的羟基基团,通过羟基的衍生化反应,可以将其制备成重金属离子的吸附剂。本文首先介绍了改性纤维素吸附剂制备的原料、步骤,接着阐述了改性纤维素吸附重金属离子的机理,最后探讨了影响改性纤维素吸附的一些因素。     

羧甲基马铃薯渣对水溶液中铅离子吸附性能的优化

为了更有效解决重金属铅离子对水资源污染的严重问题,对羧甲基马铃薯淀粉渣吸附铅离子的性能进行优化研究.以马铃薯淀粉渣为原料,通过醚化改性工艺,制备了羧甲基化马铃薯淀粉渣吸附剂.在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Benhnken的中心组合试验设计及响应面分析法,研究了吸附剂用量、吸附时间和pH值三因素对水溶液中铅离子吸附效...     

活性污泥吸附重金属离子的研究

重金属废水的污染日益严重,寻找廉价高效的吸附剂是经济地处理重金属废水的关键.试验选择活性污泥为吸附剂,考察其对重金属离子Cu2+、Zn2+和Cd2+的吸附性能.实验结果表明,活性污泥对3种重金属离子都有很强的吸附能力,且吸附很快,前4 min时的去除率和吸附量上升最快;在常温范围内,温度对活性污泥吸附金属的影响并不显著,而体系pH值和吸附剂投加量的影响较为重要;活性污泥对3种重金属离子的吸附均符合Langmuir模型.     

吸附去除水体重金属离子的影响因素研究进展

为了深入研究吸附法去除重金属离子过程中的影响因素,文中系统地阐述了温度、pH值、吸附剂用量、共存离子、共存有机物等因素对吸附过程的影响,这些影响与吸附剂、目标金属离子的性质,以及吸附过程所涉及的吸附机制有关。阐明水体中重金属离子吸附过程中的影响规律以及产生这种影响的机理,不仅有助于吸附机理的确定,还能以此评价吸附剂的实际应用性能。吸附剂的选择是探讨其他影响因素的前提,其物理性质影响到暴露的活性吸附位点数量和吸附质的传质扩散过程,化学性质不仅影响吸附剂的吸附容量和吸附平衡时间,还决定了吸附剂的吸附选择性能;溶液温度的影响与吸附的热力学性质有关;溶液pH值会改变吸附剂活性位点的化学状态和重金属离子在水中的赋存形态;不同的溶液初始浓度提供了不同的驱动力;更多的吸附剂提供更多的吸附位点,但吸附剂过多可能发生团聚现象,反而影响吸附效果;共存离子对吸附过程的影响与背景离子的种类和浓度相关。文中总结了各种因素对水体中重金属离子吸附过程影响的规律以及产生这种影响的机理,以期为水体中重金属离子污染的吸附去除和水体净化提供一定的理论依据。     

活性污泥对重金属离子的吸附研究

采用活性污泥为吸附剂,对3种重金属离子Cd^2＋、Zn^2＋和Cd^2＋进行吸附．结果表明,活性污泥对重金属离子吸附很快,前4min时的去除率和吸附量上升最快;常温范围内,温度对活性污泥吸附金属的影响并不显著,而体系PH值和吸附剂投加量的影响较为重要,活性污泥对3种重金属离子的吸附都符合Langmuir模型．     

改性红辉沸石对重金属离子铅的吸附性能研究

本文研究了产于广西资源县车田乡的红辉沸石对重金属离子铅的吸附性能,考察了铅离子溶液的pH值、温度、吸附时间、吸附剂用量等因素对吸附率的影响。实验研究初步得出红辉沸石对铅离子的最佳吸附条件为:25℃,pH=5.0~6.0即弱酸条件,吸附时间为2.5h,当铅离子浓度为100 mg/L,沸石投加量为1.0g,其吸附率为92%~93.5%;用H2SO4改性沸石后对铅离子的吸附率和吸附容量影响有较大提高,平均吸附容量达2.271mg/g,经过再生实验结果仍然具有较高的吸附率。     

氨基膦酸树脂对汞、铅混合液的吸附研究

研究氨基膦酸树脂对汞、铅混合溶液的吸附行为．结果表明：树脂对混合溶液中的汞、铅都能产生吸附；当混合溶液中汞、铅浓度相同时，树脂对铅的吸附率要大于树脂对汞的吸附率；当混合液中汞、铅浓度不相同时，在实验条件下，无论是汞的浓度大于铅的浓度，还是铅的浓度大于汞的浓度，其吸附率都是树脂对铅的吸附率大于树脂对汞的吸附率；当树脂的功能基与溶液中汞、铅离子的物质的量相当时，树脂能基本完全吸附溶液中的汞、铅离子．所以，氨基膦酸树脂可作为含汞、铅废水的实用吸附剂．     

碱活化-煅烧制备生物炭对重金属的吸附研究

为探究碱活化-煅烧生物炭对水中重金属的吸附性能,采用氢氧化钠活化-管式炉煅烧制备柚子皮生物炭,通过吸附水中铅离子的试验研究。结果表明:碱活化-煅烧后柚子皮粉在扫描电镜下呈片状结构,表面平整,结构有序,杂质明显减少,内部有丰富的孔道,为后续吸附反应提供了充足的条件;红外光谱分析得知羧基、羟基类基团起到主要的吸附作用;pH、震荡时间、吸附剂用量、重金属铅离子的初始浓度和震荡温度等因素,都对碱活化-煅烧生物炭吸附水中重金属铅离子有显著的影响。通过实验,得出用5%氢氧化钠改性并经过管式炉煅烧后的改性柚子皮粉对重金属铅离子的去除率可达到98%以上。分别用Langmuir和Freundlich对吸附等温方程进行拟合,未经煅烧的柚子皮粉吸附废水中重金属铅离子吸附等温线更符合Freundlich等温方程,经煅烧的柚子皮粉生物炭吸附废水中重金属铅离子的吸附等温线更符合Langmuir吸附等温方程。     

NaOH改性珍珠岩对重金属离子的吸附研究

以珍珠岩为吸附剂,经NaOH溶液改性后,进行Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附实验,研究吸附剂碱改性对重金属离子的吸附性能.结果表明,碱改性后珍珠岩对Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附去除率明显高于未改性的珍珠岩.在重金属离子溶液初始质量浓度为100 mg/L时,改性珍珠岩对Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附率分别为54.15%,96.34%和48.69%;未改性珍珠岩对Cd~(2+)、Cu~(2+)和Zn~(2+)的吸附率分别为18.41%、29.31%和15.98%.碱改性吸附剂对3种重金属离子的吸附,以对Cu~(2+)的去除最佳,吸附去除容量大小为Cu~(2+)Zn~(2+)Cd~(2+).     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.