磷酸盐水泥对137Cs的固化性能

以含95％MgO的重烧镁砂、磷酸盐和硼砂为原料,制备了磷酸盐水泥,研究其对137Cs的固化性能。通过XRD衍射分析、SEM电镜扫描等手段对固化体物相组成及显微结构进行分析,参照国家标准“放射性废物固化体长期浸出试验”（GB7023—86）对固化体进行抗浸出性能试验。结果表明,当以磷酸氢二铵为原料时,137Cs的加入会降低磷酸盐水泥固化体的抗压强度,137Cs的含量越多,强度损失越小;当以磷酸二氢铵为原料时,随着137Cs的加入,强度先减小后增大,掺量为1．6％时强度甚至超过了空白体系;以磷酸二氢钾为原料时,137Cs的加入会使强度减小,减小程度和掺量关系的规律性不明显。以磷酸二氢铵、磷酸二氢钾为原料的固化体抗压强度明显优于以磷酸氢二铵为原料的固化体。以磷酸二氢铵为原料的固化体,137Cs的42d浸出率和累计浸出分数低至2．1×10-4（em·d11）和7．74×10^-3cm,强度值和浸出率均优于国家标准相关要求,表明了磷酸盐水泥对137Cs有良好的固化效果。     

自蔓延高温合成钙钛矿型人造岩石固化体

采用自蔓延高温合成(SHS)技术制备钙钛矿(CaTiO3)固化体,通过多种现代分析技术研究了钙钛矿固化体的微观组织、浸出率以及其对高放废物的最大包容量.结果表明,固化体样品密度高,孔隙率小,浸出率低,对SrO的包容量可达到35%(质量分数).自蔓延高温合成的钙钛矿人造岩石是固化锶核素的理想固化体.     

非α中低放废液碱激发胶凝材料固化体性能研究

用碱矿渣胶凝材料对模拟中低放废液进行大体积浇注固化 ,废物包容量 (以硝酸盐计 )可达 1 3 .5 % ,水固比为 0 .3 4,水泥浆体具有良好的流动性和工作性 固化体 2 8d抗压强度为 1 0 .5MPa,孔隙率小于 1 0 % ,在去离子水中 ,固化体Cs 、Sr2 第 42天浸出率 (GB70 2 3 -86,2 5℃ )为2 .5× 1 0 -5、1 .3× 1 0 -6cm·d-1,整个浸出周期累积浸出百分数为 0 .7%和 0 .2 % ;MCC 1P法90℃、2 8dCs 、Sr2 浸出率为 3 .1× 1 0 -4、2 .2× 1 0 -5g·cm-2 ·d-1,浸出百分数为 3 .5 %、0 .2 % ;1 5 0℃时为 5 .6×1 0 -4、3 .0×1 0 -5g·cm-2 ·d-1,浸出百分数为 6.2 %、0 .3 % ,在盐卤溶液中浸出率相差不大 ,表明固化体能有效地持留Cs 、Sr2 ,其他性能均符合大体积浇注的要求     

模拟高盐、高碱中低放废液水泥固化体的浸出性能

针对高盐、高碱中低水平放射性废液的特性,研究了掺合料的种类、掺量对水泥固化体Sr~(2+),Cs~(2+)的浸出性能的影响。结果表明,矿渣和粉煤灰同时掺入,对降低Sr~(2+)的浸出率较为明显;沸石、凹凸棒石的掺入,对降低Cs~+的浸出率显著。当硅酸盐水泥:矿渣:粉煤灰:沸石:凹凸棒石=4:2:2:1:1时,42 d Cs~+的累积浸出率仅为未含掺合料时的15.2%。浸出液的电导率表明,矿渣、粉煤灰、沸石、凹凸棒石的掺入对废液中的可溶性盐固化有利。用掺有矿渣、粉煤灰、沸石、凹凸棒石的硅酸盐水泥固化模拟高盐、高碱中低水平放射性废液时,固化体中Sr~(2+),Cs~+的浸出率可以满足GB14569.1-2011的要求。     

新型放射性废物固化胶凝材料的研究

研究了新型放射性废物固化胶凝材料—富铝碱矿渣粘土矿物胶凝材料（ＲＡＡＡＳＣＭ）的组成及其浆体的某些性能。结果表明,热活化高岭土、新疆沸石、改性凹凸棒粘土是富铝碱矿渣粘土矿物胶凝材料较好的组成材料。该胶凝材料浆体具有高强、较低孔隙率、较少的有害孔、抗硫酸盐侵蚀和耐辐照性能好的特点。以此材料为基材的模拟放射性废物固化体Ｓｒ２＋、Ｃｓ＋的浸出率较低。     

放射性废物水泥固化体铯固化机理研究

采用SEM、AAS等测试方法 ,研究不同沸石掺加量、不同成型方法的沸石基碱矿渣水泥放射性废物固化体Cs 浸出性能和固化体微观结构 ,推理出固化体中Cs 的 3种持留作用 :随矿渣水化进入固化体凝胶结构中 ;被沸石颗粒吸附且被水泥胶体包裹 ;存在于固化体孔隙中 其中固化体对Cs 的持留作用以沸石吸附为主 ,这是因为沸石表面的部分孔隙被水泥胶体所堵塞 ,增强了固化体持留Cs 的能力 ,据此建立了Cs 固化物理模型 ,探讨了Cs 固化机理 对影响固化体Cs 浸出率的 3个主要因素 :温度、沸石颗粒表面孔隙、固化体孔隙率进行了分析 ,进而合理解释了固化体中Cs 的浸出行为     

晶粒生长对铁磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷固化体化学稳定性的影响

铁磷酸盐玻璃陶瓷可用于固化高放核废物。通过改变原料粉末尺寸和热处理的升温速率来控制成核的均匀性和晶核的生长速度,研究了在独居石玻璃陶瓷固化体中晶粒生长对固化体化学稳定性的影响。结果表明：粉末尺寸越小,越有利于形成均匀的晶核,固化体的化学稳定性越好,当粉末粒度小于38μm时浸出率达到最低值;热处理的升温速率越慢,所形成的微晶尺寸越均匀,固化体的化学稳定性越好,当升温速率为1℃／min时,样品的浸出率最低。     

含沙铝热剂对受爆炸作用有毒物质的SHS固化

为了固化在爆炸作用下飞散的有毒物质,采用了在含有有毒物质的爆炸装置周围铺设含沙铝热剂粉末而实现自蔓延高温合成(SHS)固化的方法,进行了含沙铝热剂粉末对爆炸驱动的有毒物质封闭固化的原理分析和模拟实验、固化体中有毒物质浸出率的模拟实验等.结果表明,含沙铝热剂粉末可以有效封闭和固化有毒物质;固化体中示踪元素锶、铒、铈的浸出率为10-7～10-9 g·cm-2·d-1量级;X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜观察发现,固化体中含有示踪元素锶、铒、铈的硅酸盐晶体,晶体周围分布着大量玻璃体.     

外加剂对水泥固化铁矾渣性能的影响

在硅酸盐水泥熟料中加入铁矾渣,制备成胶凝材料.分别以粉煤灰沸石、硫化钠和粉煤灰为外加剂,研究其对水泥固化体强度和浸出毒性的影响.在胶凝材料中铁矾渣加入量为60%时,加入沸石、硫化钠为稳定剂,均可提高重金属离子的稳定性,不同固化体的浸出毒性值均低于国家标准.在胶凝材料中加入粉煤灰,粉煤灰掺量增加,固化体强度下降,不同固化体的浸出毒性值也均低于国家标准.     

焚烧飞灰水泥固化体的安全性评价

通过城市生活垃圾焚烧飞灰水泥固化体中重金属的浸出毒性以及表面浸出毒性等研究 ,对焚烧飞灰水泥固化体的安全性进行了评价 .研究表明 ,水泥稳定固化焚烧飞灰的效果良好 ,焚烧飞灰水泥固化体在实际使用环境中 ,重金属浸出是一个非常缓慢的过程 ,其释放量远远低于国家标准规定值 ,而且 ,环境对微量有害物质还有包容和稀释的作用 ,因此焚烧飞灰水泥固化体不会对环境造成危害 .焚烧飞灰水泥固化体资源化利用是安全可行的 .     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.