自动清洗自然循环式高效节能蒸发器的常压中试研究

为解决蒸发器的结垢问题，设计了一种自动清洗自然循环式高效节能蒸发器，其关键是能否在合理的加热温差下产生足以带动自动清洗螺旋扭带可靠自转的自然循环推动力，为此设计了一套中试装置。常压蒸发条件下的中试结果表明：在传热温差26℃时，自然循环推动力可达0．11MPa以上，传热系数可提高10％以上，能可靠地带动扭带自转实行连续地自动清洗，且该技术与现有蒸发生产工艺和加热蒸汽压力条件完全适应，使用推广后能为生产企业创造较高的效益。     

齿带强化加热室自然循环蒸发器的优化设计

自然循环蒸发器的结构设计以动力矩强化能够低流速自动清洗和以强化的自然循环推动力替代强制循环泵为优化目标.研究建立了进入管内斜齿扭带自转动力矩理论计算式,由此得到蒸发器加热室结构优化设计的原则是加热管Ф38×3×2000的立式短管加热室结构,管内安装宽度26mm、斜角35°、齿距60mm的斜齿扭带.以自然循环推动力计算式为理论基础,得到蒸发器自然循环推动力强化的沸腾室结构优化设计原则是较大深度、较大横截面、出口部形状逐渐扩大.按此原则结构设计的蒸发器的试验研究表明,齿带加热室传热系数提高了171%—91%、阻力在7000Pa以下、循环母液的进出口温度可以提高3℃左右,自然循环推动力可以达到12000Pa以上,显著地高于自然循环阻力;自然循环流速可以稳定在0.80m/s以上、甚至更高,斜齿扭带能够可靠地连续自转清洗防垢.因此,这种蒸发器能成功地解决传统蒸发器周期性停车清洗和强制循环泵高电耗两大难题,为蒸发生产企业创造很高的经济效益.     

电厂汽轮机组冷凝器扭带自动清洗技术研究

介绍了自转塑料扭带的污垢自动清洗原理 ,模拟试验表明本研究设计的清洗扭带可以满足电厂汽轮机组冷凝器的污垢清洗要求 ;同时简述了自动清洗扭带的传热强化功能及其实测结果。通过传热学计算讨论了不同厚度污垢对运行真空度的影响 ,且举例分析了采用自动清洗扭带后发电机组的预期增产效益     

蒸发器的自动清洗技术可行性试验

模拟试验中 ,根据结晶动力学原理 ,在管内以冷却降温形成过饱和溶液的方法来制造人为的模拟结晶盐垢。试验结果表明 ,通过循环流动的溶液带动加热管内的螺旋扭带旋转可实现蒸发器自动清洗 ,能够满足一般蒸发器的要求 ,达到连续生产的目的。     

蒸发器的自动清洗技术可行性试验

模拟试验中,根据结晶动力学原理,在管内以冷却降温形成过饱和溶液的方法来制造人为的模拟结晶盐垢.试验结果表明,通过循环流动的溶液带动加热管内的螺旋扭带旋转可实现蒸发器自动清洗,能够满足一般蒸发器的要求,达到连续生产的目的.     

自转塑料螺旋齿管自动清洗及传热强化技术

针对数量最多的低流速传热设备的污垢问题 ,研究了具有自动清洗和传热强化双重功能的塑料螺旋齿管自动清洗新技术 ,运用质点系动量矩原理对其结构设计原则进行了理论分析 ,并且设计了三种不同结构的螺旋齿管。试验研究结果为 :内管直径较大为好 ,螺旋角常存在一个最小值。与自转清洗的塑料螺旋扭带相比 :2 0 60型螺旋齿管的自动清洗力矩增大 141% ,传热系数平均提高 5 0 %左右 ,流体阻力仍在工程应用的一般范围内。因此 ,该技术可以用于 0 2 5m/s以上的低流速传热设备的自动清洗防垢和传热强化 ,具有很高的推广应用价值     

自转塑料纽带的电厂冷凝器自动清洗效益

简要介绍了污垢对电厂冷凝器真空度和出力的严重影响,叙述了自转塑料组带的污垢自动清洗原理,模拟试验证明自转纽带的清洗除垢能力强,足以满足传热设备的清洗防垢要求.以电厂汽轮机的凝汽器污垢清洗为例,定量分析了不同厚度污垢对传热系数的影响幅度,举例计算采用自转塑料纽带清洗技术可以创造的高效益.     

自转塑料纽带的电厂冷凝器自动清洗效益

简要介绍了污垢对电厂冷凝器真实空度和出力的严重影响，叙述了自转塑料纽带的污垢自动清洁原理，模拟试验证明自转纽带的清洗除垢能力强，足以满足传热设备的清洗防垢要求，以电厂汽轮机的凝汽器污染清洗为例，定量分析了不同厚度污垢对传热系数的影响幅度，举例计算采用自转塑料纽带清洗技术可以创造的高效益。     

蒸发器自然循环推动力的影响因素

动力温度δto是影响蒸发器自然循环推动力最重要的因素，利用δto作为推动力计算模型的主要理论基础，分析过程不平衡性对该推动力的影响，提出了采用影响系数K1、K2、K3的修正模型，又推出了采用综合影响系数K的工程计算式．结果表明，采用该方法后使试验工作量减少，且计算结果更为可靠．     

水冷器污垢连续自动清洗的节电节水技术研究

对用户生产现场的水冷器污垢和冷却水进口分布状况及污垢导热性的特点分析表明 :国内立式水冷器普遍低效运行的主要原因是污垢得不到及时清除 ,其次是各管冷却水量的分配太不均匀。用在线、连续、自动清洗防垢的自转扭带 ,并配套具有冷却水调匀功能的管口轴承是一种有效的解决办法 ,初步的工业应用试验结果表明节水节电的综合效益较高     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to