赣语新余（水北）方言“X＋人”式形容词研究

＂X＋人＂这一表示由于外界的刺激给人造成的某种不舒服的消极主观感受的结构形式在汉语方言里广泛存在。在赣语新余（水北）方言中,＂X＋人＂（如＂热人＂、＂苦人＂、＂晒人＂等）结构已经形成了一定的规模,并有自己的独特之处：这类＂X＋人＂结构在历史上经历了一个由词组凝固成词的过程,在用法上相当于一个形容词。原为实语素的＂人＂意义不断虚化,显示出了词缀化的倾向。     

“造作”、“做作”辨正──兼谈“做作”音读问题

做作与造作在现代汉语里是一对同义词,均含有“故意装出某种表情或神态”之义。造作通常只是在成语“矫揉造作”里出现,人们一般用做作,如“他的表演太做作了,一点也不自然”、“礼多人不怪,但运用时应适可而止,不要显得油腔滑调,虚伪做作”。由于造作、做作二词有一个共同的词尾语素,造与做声母、声调又相同,从而使人感觉二者似乎同出一源;可能有人还会说：造作、做作本来就一个词嘛,只是各地人发音稍有不同而写法相异罢了。《现代汉语词典》①对造作一词的释义即是“做作”,别无它言,似乎也能印证上述观点。那么造作与做作是…     

浅谈歌唱呼吸训练

本文从气息的生理原理及歌唱者对歌唱中所产生的主观感受之角度,阐述了动感觉在歌唱呼吸中的实际运用。     

浅谈歌声的主观感受与客观听觉效果

主观感受与客观听觉效果上的差异往往是困扰声乐初学者走出声乐迷宫的主要障碍之一。根据人体的生理结构与发声原理、主观感受与客观听觉等方面的特征，歌者对歌声的主观感受应建立在发声机能协调活动的基础之上并正确理解“析”与“通”的关系，科学运用“换声点”，“关闭”等技巧，力求使主观感受与客观听觉效果不断实现统一。     

基于操作员感觉的训练仿真器建模方法

训练仿真器的基本要求是使受训者得到与操作实机时相一致的动静态感觉。一个好的数学模型的建立是实现感觉匹配的关键。提出了一种基于感觉的建模方法,其基本出发点是把操作感受看作对象响应的“快慢”、“趋势”、“振荡感”和恰当的组合,它们是由数学模型的零极点及其分布所决定,通过一定的模型结构和模型参数选择的方法,使数学模型的零极点及其分布和感觉相匹配。给出建模的具体步骤和实例,仿真结果证实模型与被仿真对象不仅“快慢”、“趋势”、“振荡感”一致,而且二者响应曲线非常接近。     

《论衡》中助动词“能”的句法和语义

对《论衡》中的助动词“能”在穷尽数量统计的基础上做了细致的描写,并在此基础上分析其语法和语义特点。“能”的语法特点是：前面受副词修饰;后面接动词、形容词或动词性结构;构成“不-不”双重否定格式;单独做谓语等。“能”在句法结构中表示三种语义：条件或情理上的许可;具备某种能力或达到某种效率;肯愿。     

释“窈窕”

“窈窕”，是我国古代诗文中的一个常用词。《辞通》［１］释为“①幽闲也。②有姿态也。③幽深貌。④深曲貌。”《联绵字典》［２］释为：“①幽闲也。②妖冶之貌。③深极也。④美貌。”《汉语大字典》［３］释为“①美好貌。②妖冶貌。③深远貌。”《古汉语字典》［４］...     

基于“NP+V起来+AP”句型的汉语中动结构考证

以汉语“NP+V起来+AP”句为切入点,搜集和整理汉语中各种“V起来”句,并基于英语和汉语中动结构的相关研究成果,对汉语“V起来”句进行归类、分析与对比,反思和总结汉语中动句的合法构句条件。通过对汉语“V起来”句句法结构和语义功能的分析和考证,认为汉语中的“NP+V起来+AP”句和中动句并非一一对应,只有部分“NP+V起来+AP”句属于中动结构。汉语“NP+V起来+AP”中动句有三种构式：NP(受事)+V起来(行为动词)+AP,NP(受事)+V起来(感官动词/情感心理动词)+AP,NP(旁格)+V起来(行为动词)+AP。     

荥阳方言合音词例释

汉语词汇中，自古以来就有合音词。如古代汉语词汇中的“诸”为“之乎”的合音词，“叵”为“不可”的合音词。现代汉语普通话词汇中也有“您”（你们）、“甭”（不用）等合音词。合音词的特点是，以单音节词的形式，表现双音节词或短语的意义，读音上以原词或短语前一个语素或词音节的声母，跟后一个语素或短语后一个音节的韵母（或某一部分）拼合而成为单音节词，很像传统的“反切”法。因此，合音词语音形式小而词义容量大，是语言交流交际中唯一的一种一个言节两个语素的简练形式，可谓既经济又实用的浓缩语言形式。无疑，合音词是口头…     

西方管理心理学人性假设

1．“经济人”与“X理论”。“经济人”又称“实利人”，由麦格雷戈率先提出。“经济人”假设实质上是从享乐主义观点出发，把人的一切行为都看成是为了最大限度地满足一己之私利，都要争取最大的经济利益，工作就是为了获得经济报酬。“X理论”的要点是：①人生来就是懒惰的，只要有可能就会逃避工作。②人生来就缺乏进取心，不愿负责，宁愿听从指挥。③人生来就以自我为中心，漠视组织的需要。④多数人干工作是为了满足生理和安全的需要，只有极少数人能克制感情冲动。2．“社会人”与“人群关系理论”。“社会人”与“人群关系理论”是…     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the