2002年与1998年世界杯足球赛运动员犯规情况的对比分析

对2002年世界杯足球赛运动员犯规情况和1998年世界杯足球赛运动员犯规情况进行统计分析，认为队员的犯规动作按顺序从过去的推、绊、拉、冲撞、蹋、铲变为推、拉、绊、铲、蹋、冲撞；裁判员经过总结1998年世界杯队员犯规的情况，对2002年世界杯一些较为隐蔽的犯规动作的判罚的准确率大大提高；规则的修改减少了运动员在场上的严重犯规和暴力行为．     

如何提高判罚足球比赛中严重犯规的准确性

裁判员判罚的公正准确性是保证足球比赛顺利进行的前提。对严重犯规和暴力行为的准确判罚是足球竞赛规则中重要内容之一。裁判员在比赛中判罚的准确性是足球比赛顺利进行的必要条件。足球水平的提高不仅要依赖于球员及教练员业务水平的提高,裁判水平的提高也是一个重要方面。提高裁判员判罚严重犯规和暴力行为的准确性有利于促进足球运动的发展。     

论提高足球裁判员判罚犯规的准确性

足球裁判员是足球比赛场上的组织者和法官.裁判员的执法水平,直接影响着足球比赛的质量.对犯规准确性的判罚是衡量裁判员水平的重要标准.通过对影响裁判员判罚诸多因素的分析,找出不利裁判员准确判罚的重要因素加以研究,对提高我国足球裁判员水平有着重要的促进作用.     

足球裁判员临场判罚能力因素的探析

该文采用资料法、访谈法和观察法,对足球裁判员临场执法进行分析,找出影响足球裁判员临场判罚的关键因素进行分析。其主要因素有识别动作的能力、对犯规的预见性、超前点的跑位和进位意识、对有利条款的运用和心理因素等。     

第17届世界杯助理裁判员越位判罚的统计与分析

采用统计、录像分析的方法，对第17届世界杯助理裁判员越位判罚进行研究，对越位出现的区域、犯规形式的规律以及错、漏判出现的原因进行统计分析．指出助理裁判员应加强选位能力、提高心理素质和决断能力，从而提高判罚越位的能力．     

职业篮球赛中身体接触犯规的裁判尺度

随着当今职业篮球运动的蓬勃发展以及篮球规则的不断修改,篮球裁判员的临场裁判尺度不是一成不变的,尤其是如何判罚双方队员身体接触的犯规,是评价裁判员执裁水平的重要尺度.做为一名优秀的裁判员只有不断更新观念和知识,理解规则内涵,准确掌握裁判尺度,正确引导比赛,才能适应篮球运动发展的需要.     

对第19届世界杯西班牙队比赛犯规统计分析

本文运用录像观察法、数理统计法、文献资料法,对第19届世界杯西班牙队七场比赛的录像进行观察和犯规统计,对数据分类、归纳、整理并进行统计学处理。总结了西班牙队的犯规特点及其规律,结果显示：西班牙队犯规较少;中场和下肢的犯规次数、黄牌最多;上半场和平局情况下的犯规次数、越位、黄牌高于下半场和其他情况。旨在为足球教学、训练提供一些有益的借鉴和参考依据,同时为各级裁判员在以后的比赛中能够更好地控制比赛的局面提供理论参考依据。     

关于足球运动对角线裁判制裁判员和巡边员工作配合问题

对角线裁判制在执行裁判过程中,裁判员接近球,就可以对犯规动作看得比较清楚及时,而且能控制全场,但裁判员和巡边员必须紧密配合和具有充沛的体力条件,才能顺利的完成任务,因此,关于裁判员和巡边员的工作配合问题,也就成为执行对角线裁判法中的重要问题之一。现在分三部分来说明这个问题。     

篮球比赛中身体接触与侵人犯规判罚的研究

裁判员是篮球运动的重要组成部分，是篮球比赛的法官。他的判罚水平的高低，直接影响着运动员技能水平的发挥和提高。直接影响着篮球比赛的效果。他的职责是为双方球队提供一个公平、有序的比赛环境；并在规则尺度下最大限度保持比赛的连续性和流畅性，能否区别和处理好身体接触与侵人犯规的阚限，是衡量临场裁判员能力的重要标致。     

中国足球定位球判定研究

裁判、球员、球规为足球比赛缺一不可的重要组成部分。定位球因其特殊的重要性,一直是比赛时让人关注的焦点,对定位球合理公平的准确判罚为众人所关心。当下的足球赛事,双方的对抗愈演愈烈,球员的技术动作往往夹杂着犯规,此时需要裁判员在最短的时间内根据动作性质、犯规的严重性及赛事的发展迅速的进行科学公正的综合判罚,如此不仅要裁判员了解足球规则,还需懂得双方球员的技战术特点,可预见局势。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to