应用RAPD标记构建马尾松单株树遗传连锁图谱

利用马尾松（Ｐｉｎｕｓｍａｓｓｏｎｉａｎａ）崇义群体Ｃ－１６号单株上４０粒种子的胚乳为作图群体材料，用随机扩增多态性ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）方法构建马尾松单株遗传连锁图谱，从被步筛选的８０个引物中，得到１６个具有多态性产物的引物，对这１６种引物进行Ｍｅｎｄｅｌｉａｎ１：１分离检测（卡方检验，Ｐ＜０．０５），我们得到符合Ｍｅｎｄｅｌｉａｎ１：１分离比例的ＲＡＰＤｓ标记４９个．通过对４９个标记的连锁关系进行分析，其中２９个标记分布在１２个连锁群上，总图距为４８３．３ｃＭ，平均图距为２８．４２ｃＭ，２０个标记没有连锁到任何连锁群上，需要继续进行大量标记的连续分析，构建完善的高密度的遗传图谱，使之能够对数量性状位点ＱＴＬｓ进行定位，从而进行分子标记辅助选择育种（ＭＡＳ）．     

遗传作图软件应用及辅助软件的研制

介绍了当前普遍用于遗传图谱构建和ＱＴＬ定位的软件ＭＡＰＭＡＫＥＲ３．０（ｆｏｒＰＣ）的功能、数据结构和基本操作命令与步骤；指出了该软件存在的问题与不足。介绍了作者开发的用于遗传图谱构建中方便研究者建立符合ＭＡＰＭＡＫＥＲ要求的分析数据文件，以及对标记的分离比进行检验的辅助软件ＭＤＡＣ。提出了进一步开发中文版新一代遗传作图软件、建立基因组图谱数据库和基于因特网（Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｅｔ）的基因组信息检索等设想。     

SMP(AM/MAA) 共聚物的合成与性能研究

以丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酸及甲醛为原料合成了磺甲基化（丙烯酰胺／甲基丙烯酸）共聚物［简称ＳＭＰ（ＡＭ／ＭＡＡ）］,测定了聚丙烯酰胺／甲基丙烯酸［简称Ｐ（ＡＭ／ＭＡＡ）］的转化率与时间的关系．用红外光谱对ＳＭＰ（ＡＭ／ＭＡＡ）及Ｐ（ＡＭ／ＭＡＡ）作了结构表征,测定了不同磺化度的ＳＭＰ（ＡＭ／ＭＡＡ）水溶液的粘度,研究了ＳＭＰ（ＡＭ／ＭＡＡ）的泥浆性能．试验表明：ＳＭＰ（ＡＭ／ＭＡＡ）具有较好的提粘降失水性能和抗钙侵性能．     

α－（AlMnSi）空间构型与价电子结构分析

分析了金属间化合物α－（ＡｌＭｎＳｉ）的空间结构，并运用余瑞璜的固体与分子经验电子论中的键距差分析法计算了α－（ＡｌＭｎＳｉ）的理论键距及其各种原子所选取的杂阶．在此基础上计算出α－（ＡｌＭｎＳｉ）中Ｍｎ原子键络的共价键键能．     

壳聚糖─Cu（Ⅱ）配位聚合物的合成、表征及催化性能研究

采用一种新方法合成了壳聚糖与ＣＵ（Ⅱ）的配位聚合物，并用ＩＲ、ＥＳＲ、ＵＶ—ＶＩＳ、ＤＴＡ—ＴＧ和ＸＰＳ分析手段对配位聚合物进行表征．同时还研究了壳聚糖－ＣＵ（Ⅱ）配位聚合物与Ｎａ２ＳＯ３体系对ＭＭＡ聚合的催化性能，证实ＭＭＡ的聚合机理是按自由基机理进行的．     

籼型光敏不育组合(32001S/明恢63)育性QTL位点的分析

籼型光敏不育（ＰＳＭＳ）系遗传背景的复杂性是造成籼型光敏不育系育性不稳定性的重要因素．利用全基因组ＱＴＬ扫描方法对一个籼型光敏不育组合（３２００１Ｓ／明恢６３）的育性相关位点进行了检测，结果在第２、３、７、９、１１染色体上分别找到了与育性相关的ＱＴＬ位点．ＱＴＬ分析表明在（３２００１Ｓ／明恢６３）组合不育性的表现牵涉多条染色体多个位点的作用，并且明恢６３的基因型并不总是起育性恢复作用，这种遗传背景的复杂性可能是导致该组合不育单株育性表现不稳定的主要因素     

猕猴属种间及亚种间RAPD分析

应用ＲＡＰＤ技术分析了猕猴属（Ｍａｃａｃａ）种间和亚种间６个分类群之间的遗传多态性,共筛选出１６个随机引物每个分类群平均获得７７个遗传标记,根据遗传距离构建了系统发育进化树,结果显示从ＲＡＰＤ数据分析得到的６个分类群的相互关系与形态、同功酶、ｍｔＤＮＡ的研究结果基本一致．表明ＲＡＰＤ技术适用于猕猴属中近缘种间和亚种间的分类分析．     

磺甲基化（丙烯酰胺／丙烯酸）共聚物的合成与性能研究

合成了磺甲基化（丙烯酰胺／丙烯酸）共聚物〔ｓｕｌｆｏｍｅｔｈｙｌａｔｅｄｐｏｌｙ（ａｃｒｙｌａｍｉｄｅ－ｃｏ－ａｃｒｙｌｉｃａｃｉｄ）,简称ＳＭＰ（ＡＭ／ＡＡ）〕,测定了不同磺化度ＳＭＰ（ＡＭ／ＡＡ）水溶液的粘度,研究了ＳＭＰ（ＡＭ／ＡＡ）的若干泥浆性能,用红外光谱对ＳＭＰ（ＡＭ／ＡＡ）及二元共聚物（丙烯酰胺／丙烯酸）〔ｐｏｌｙ（ａｃｒｙｌａｍｉｄｅ－ｃｏ－ａｃｒｙｌｉｃａｃｉｄ）,简称Ｐ（ＡＭ／ＡＡ）〕的结构作了表征．试验表明,磺甲基化（丙烯酰胺／丙烯酸）共聚物具有较好的降失水性能和抗钙侵性能,是一种较好的降失水剂．     

应用Bulked-DNA寻找白菜型油菜核雄性不育基因的RAPD标记

采用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）标记方法从白菜型油菜核不育两用系中筛选出了一个与白菜型 油菜育性基因连锁的ＲＡＰＤ标记。该ＤＮＡ片段大小约０．７２ｋｂ,与育性基因之间的遗传连锁距离为６．０８ｃＭ,ＬＯＤ值为９．１０。     

荧光标记磺酸基强聚电解质的合成

为了考察聚电解质溶剂化层的变化,合成了发色团分别为５－（Ｎ,Ｎ－二甲胺基）－１－萘磺酰基（ｄａｎｓｙｌ）和芘（ｐｙｒｅｎｙｌ）基的两种单体。将它们分别与２－丙烯酰胺基－２－甲基丙磺酸（ＡＭＰＳ）、Ｎ,Ｎ－二基丙烯酰胺（ＤＭＡＡ）共聚,得到了ｄａｎｓｙｌ单体摩尔分数为０．００２或ｐｙｒｅｎｙｌ单体摩尔分数为０．００１、ＡＭＰＳ摩尔分数为０．０３－０．９０的两个系列的荧光标记强聚电解质。水溶液的荧光光     

Estimation of statistical power and false discovery rate of QTL mapping methods through computer simulation

Many QTL mapping methods have been developed in the past two decades.Statistically,the best method should have a high detection power but a low false discovery rate (FDR).Power and FDR cannot be derived theoretically for most QTL mapping methods,but they can be properly evaluated using computer simulations.In this paper,we used four genetic models (two for independent loci and two for linked loci) to illustrate power and FDR estimation for interval mapping (IM) and inclusive composite interval mapping (ICIM).For each model,we simulated 1000 populations each of 200 doubled haploids.A support interval (SI) was first defined to indicate to which predefined QTL the significant QTL belonged.Power was calculated by counting the number of simulation runs with significant peaks higher than the logarithm of odds (LOD) threshold in the SI.Quantitative trait loci not identified in any SIs were viewed as false positives.The FDR is the rate at which QTLs are identified as significant when they are actually non-significant.Simulation results allowed us to estimate power and FDR of IM and ICIM for two independent and two linkage genetic models.Our estimates allowed us to readily compare the efficiencies of different statistical methods for QTL mapping,including the ability to separate linkage,under a wide range of genetic models.We used IM and ICIM as examples of how to estimate power and FDR,but the principles shown in this paper can be used for power analysis and comparison of any other QTL mapping methods,especially those based on interval tests.     

Linkage graph analysis: A linkage-group-based QTL synthesis analysis approach

Consensus quantitative trait loci (QTL) in meta-analysis of multiple independent QTL mapping experiments provides a strong foundation for marker-assisted selection and gene cloning. However, meta-analysis suffers from the lack of available genomic information and the results vary when different reference linkage maps are used. Here, to overcome these limitations, we propose a linkage-group-based QTL synthesis analysis approach that we have named linkage graph analysis. First, a graph model is constructed from derived linkage groups. Next, an unsupervised classification approach is used to obtain marker intervals with co-segregating patterns among multiple genomes. Finally, a frequent itemset mining technique is used to identify the markers (or intervals) closely linked to the QTL. The proposed method was validated by one Monte Carlo simulation study and by real data analysis of cotton genomes. Two major advantages of the new method are: (i) A reference linkage group is not required; (ii) the effect of the initial QTL is reduced because false QTLs can be detected and excluded from the dataset. The ability to reliably identify the markers associated with a true QTL is valuable in crop breeding.     

Relative efficiency of marker assisted selection when marker and QTL are incompletely linked

The relative superiority in selection response of two basic marker-assisted selection strategies, marker-assisted BLUP (MBLUP) and two-stage selection, in comparison to standard BLUP was investigated using stochastic simulation of a closed nucleus herd. In marker-assisted BLUP the marker information and the phenotypic information were utilized simultaneously for selecting parental animals, whereas in two-stage selection they were utilized separately in two stages. Different heritabilities and QTL sizes were considered in the simulation. The QTL was assumed to be referred only via flanking markers, which were incompletely linked to the QTL. It was shown that both MBLUP and two-stage selection increased the QTL response but decreased the polygenic response. When the heritability was low or the QTL effect was large MBLUP was superior to standard BLUP by up to 5% with respect to total genetic response. While the two-stage selection did not show any superiority although it gave extremely large increase in QTL response due to a rapid increase in favorable QTL allele frequency. The relative responses of MAS were stark associated with the generations of selection. The superiority or inferiority of MAS was large in the early generations and became small or vanished in the later generations.     

QTL mapping of the root traits and their correlation analysis with drought resistance using DH lines from paddy and upland rice cross

A Double Haploid (DH) population, 116 plants, derived from the cross between Japonica upland rice IRAT109 and paddy rice Yuefu, planted in PVC pipe under upland ecosystem in 2001 and 2002, was used in this study. Seven root traits, including basal root thickness (BRT), total root number (RN), maximum root length (MRL), root fresh weight (RFW), root dry weight (RDW), ratio of root fresh weight to shoot fresh weight (RFW/SFW) and ratio of root dry weight to shoot dry weight (RDW/SDW), were studied. Using index of drought resistance (IDR), the ratio of yield under upland ecosystem to yield under lowland ecosystem of DH lines, as the criteria of drought resistance, and correla-tion analysis between root traits and IDR, showed that BRT, MRL and RN were significantly correlated with IDR. High IDR lines had thicker BRT, longer MRL and less RN than low IDR lines. A molecular linkage map with 94 RFLP markers and 71 SSR markers covering 1535.1 cM was pro-duced. QTLs and G譋 interactions for BRT, RN, MRL, RFW, RDW, RFW/SFW and RDW/SDW were obtained based on the constructed molecular linkage map and soft-ware QTLmapper version 1.0. A total of 18 additive QTLs and 18 pairs of epistatic QTLs associated with root traits were detected. There were nine additive QTLs and two pairs of epistatic QTLs performed significant interactions with environment. Some QTLs with high general contribution and no G譋 interaction were obtained. Two pairs of epistatic QTLs mrl3 and mrl8, brt3 and brt11a controlling MRL and BRT had high general contributions of 21.51% and 13.03% respectively. An additive QTL and a pair of epistatic QTLs controlling RFW and RDW had high general contributions of 13.50% and 25.64% respectively. Marker assisted selec-tion (MAS) for rice drought resistance based on QTL with high general contribution, low G譋 interaction and tightly linkage with IDR were also discussed.     

小麦染色体2DS雌性育性位点遗传多态性分析

小麦雌性不育系XND126属于生态遗传型不育系.通过SSR分子标记分析,在2DS染色体上定位了一个雌性育性主效QTL位点.为了构建高密度遗传图谱并精细定位该主效位点,用2DS参考遗传图谱上的14对SSR标记,研究了59个育性正常的普通小麦品种与XND126的DNA多态性,筛选到不同生态型多态性较高的品种共12个,每个品种多态性标记达12~13个,这些品种可以用作杂交亲本,构建新的QTL精细定位群体.在品种组成的群体中,与主效基因位点最近的标记,表现出有较多的品种与雌性不育系具有差异.     

A genome scan for quantitative trait loci affecting grain yield and its components of maize both in single-and two-locus levels

Maize is one of the most important cereal crops in the world. The hybrid yield advantage is responsible for about 10 percent of the total global maize production of 550 Mt[1]. It is exigent to study the yield traits so as to improve the hybrids per se in …     

Verification and fine-mapping of QTLs conferring days to flowering in soybean using residual heterozygous lines

The results of QTL mapping based on a primary mapping population should be further verified and refined for its real utilization in marker-assisted selection or map-based cloning.The primary mapping population contains 114 BC1F1 plants of the backcross between Essex (maturity group V,MG V) as the donor parent and ZDD2315 (MG II) as the recurrent parent.In this study,a genetic linkage map with 250 SSR markers spanning a total length of 2963.5 cM on 25 linkage groups (LG) was constructed using software MAPMAK...     

Starch RVA profile parameters of rice are mainly controlled byWx gene

Quantitative trait locus (QTLs) mapping for rapid visco analyser (RVA) profile parameters has been carried out by using a double haploid (DH) population derhred from a cross betweenindica variety Zhai-Ye-Qing 8 andjaponica variety Jing-Xi 17 and its genetic linkage map. The results indicate that the segregation of the RVA profiles is continually distributed among the DH lines, and some DH lines show transgressive segregation for all the parameters. A major QTL,Waxy (Wx) gene on chromosome 6 which controls the amylose synthesis, has been detected significantly for 5 traits: hot paste viscosity (HPV), cool paste viscosity (CPV), breakdown viscosity (BDV), consistency viscoslty (CSV) and setback viscoslty (SBV). Therefore, the RVA profile parameters are mainly controlled byWx gene. Other 3 and 2 QTLs have also been identified for BDV and SBV, respectively, and two of them share the same region on chromosomes 1 and 5. However, the peak viscosity (PKV) is controlled by a minor QTL on chromosome 12, qPKV-12.     

作业调度问题的合作求解方法研究

作业调度问题是一类典型的困难组合优化问题，基于知识的多智能主体系统为解决此类问题提供了一种新的思路，在生产作业管理中引入多智能主体技术，可以很方便地用智能主体及多智能主体系统描述制造系统及其组成要素的行为与运动机制，作业调度通过智能主体之间及多智能主体系统的合作加以实现，达到预定的运行目标和状态，构造了单个智能主体的结构，对作业调度问题中存在的三种主要冲突类型与基于知识的协商消除冲突的方法及其步骤进行了探讨，提出了基于知识的多智能主体合作求解方法。