基于孤立点自适应的K-means算法

孤立点的存在使聚类中心的计算产生较大误差,影响K-means算法的聚类效果.针对该问题,引入谢林模型,使孤立点能够自动移动到其邻居所在位置,消除孤立点,同时,对K-means算法过程中的距离计算、初始聚类中心选取环节进行改进,提出基于孤立点自适应的K-means算法.该算法首先对原始数据进行归一化处理,以提高距离计算的准确性;然后,根据谢林模型的基本思想,将孤立点移动到其最近的多邻邻居;接着,由类簇的数目确定邻居样本的搜索范围,确定初始聚类中心;最后,根据移动后的数据集和初始聚类中心,进行K-means聚类.在UCI机器学习数据库中经典聚类数据集上的实验结果表明,该算法可显著提升聚类的精度,同时,簇的内聚性也比较好.     

基于PAM和簇阈值的改进K-Means聚类算法

为了弥补K-Means算法对孤立点数据敏感的缺陷,提高K-Means算法对包含孤立点数据集的聚类效果,在深入研究K-Means算法的基础上,提出了基于PAM和簇阈值的改进K-Means聚类算法。该算法首先对待聚类数据进行抽样,然后利用PAM算法获取样本数据的聚类中心,以样本数据的聚类中心作为KMeans算法的初始聚类中心。在聚类迭代过程中动态计算各簇阈值,利用簇阈值准确地过滤孤立点数据。实验结果表明,本文提出的算法不仅聚类时间短,而且具有较高的聚类准确率。     

改进的k-均值算法在聚类分析中的应用

介绍了在聚类中广泛应用的经典k-均值算法,并针对其易受随机选择初始聚类中心和孤立点的影响的不足,给出了改进的k-均值算法。首先使用距离法移除孤立点,然后采用邻近吸收法对初始聚类中心的选择进行了改进。并做了改进前后的对比实验和应用。结果表明,改进后的算法比较稳定、准确,受孤立点和随机选择初始聚类中心的影响也有所降低。     

基于密度的改进聚类算法比较

针对传统K-means算法的聚类结果依赖初始聚类中心的缺陷,提出了一种基于密度的改进K-means聚类算法,该算法选择位于数据集样本密集区且相距较远的数据对象作为初始聚类中心,实现K-means聚类。针对PAM算法时间复杂度高,且不利于大数据集处理的缺陷,提出了一种基于密度的改进K-medoids聚类算法,在选取初始中心点时根据数据集样本的分布特征选取,使得初始中心点位于不同类簇。UCI机器学习数据库数据集和随机生成的带有噪音点的人工模拟数据集的实验测试证明,基于密度的改进K-means算法和基于密度的改进Kmedoids算法都具有很好的聚类效果,运行时间短,收敛速度快,有抗噪性能。     

一种改进的K均值聚类算法

K均值算法是聚类方法中常用的一种划分方法,有很多优点,但也存在不足之处,它对球状、凸形分布的数据具有很好的聚类效果,但对样本的输入顺序敏感,可能产生局部最优解,而且受孤立点影响比较大。本文针对这些不足之处,主要从数据预处理。初始聚类中心的选择和迭代过程聚类种子计算三方面进行改进,并做了改进前后算法的对比实验。结果表明,改进后的算法比原k均值算法具有更高的准确性,受孤立点的影响也大大降低。     

基于簇特征的文本增量聚类研究

提出了一种基于簇特征的文本增量聚类算法:充分利用简单、有效的k-means算法来进行初始聚类,并保留聚类后每个簇的簇中心、均值、方差、文档数、3阶中心矩和4阶中心矩作为该簇的簇特征,当出现新增数据时,利用初始簇的簇特征对新增数据进行聚类.在20newsgroups数据集上的实验结果表明:相比于对整个数据集进行重新聚类,该算法具有一定的优势.     

近邻密度分布优化样本分配的改进DPC聚类算法

DPC算法是一种能够自动确定类簇数和类簇中心的新型密度聚类算法,但在样本分配策略上存在聚类质量不稳定的缺陷.其改进算法KNN-DPC虽然具有较好的聚类效果,但效率不高而影响实用.针对以上问题,文中提出了一种近邻密度分布优化的DPC算法.该算法在DPC算法搜索和发现样本的初始类簇中心的基础上,基于样本的密度分布采用两种样本类簇分配策略,依次将各样本分配到相应的类簇.理论分析和在经典人工数据集以及UCI真实数据集上的实验结果表明:文中提出的聚类算法能快速确定任意形状数据的类簇中心和有效地进行样本类簇分配;与DPC算法和KNN-DPC算法相比,文中算法在聚类效果与时间性能上有更好的平衡,聚类稳定性高,可适用于大规模数据集的自适应聚类分析.     

基于数据场的Kohonen聚类神经网络

Kohonen聚类神经网络（KCN）在处理数据集的聚类问题时具有良好的准确性.但KCN算法在随机选取初始权值时存在不足,而且在处理存在孤立点和“噪声”时算法鲁棒性和可靠性较差.使用数据场的概念对KCN聚类算法进行了有益的改进.实验表明,改进后的算法相对于随机选取初始权值具有较高的准确率。摘要：Kohonen聚类神经网络（KCN）在处理数据集的聚类问题时具有良好的准确性．但KCN算法在随机选取初始权值时存在不足，而且在处理存在孤立点和“噪声”时算法鲁棒性和可靠性较差．使用数据场的概念对KCN聚类算法进行了有益的改进．实验表明．改进后的算法相对于随机选取初始权值具有较高的准确率．     

数据挖掘中K-均值聚类算法的缺陷及工作效率改进的实验研究

K -均值聚类算法在当前提取数据挖掘的聚类分析方法中已经取得了一定的成就,为了进一步改进其在数据预处理及神经网络结构中的应用,文中对算法进行了缺陷研究,主要做了以下几个方面的工作：对K-means算法进行了思路及算法主要流程分析;得出K-均值聚类算法存在简单、迅速、结果簇密集、簇与簇之间区别较为明显等优点;分析得出算法存在与处理符号属性的数据不太适应、必须事先给出k值(想要生成的簇的个数)、对“噪声数据”以及孤立的点数据有较大影响、需要不断计算更新调整后的新聚类中心等缺点。在实验验证中结果得出：聚类结果可知,选取不同的值初始值对聚类结果的影响很小;如果聚类数据集迭代次数较多时,可以尝试着改变其数据的输入顺序;变动数据集的输入顺序,会直接影响聚类结果。实验结果对于K-均值算法的工作效率提高了具有明显的参考价值,这一研究对于数据挖掘技术的改进具有一定的意义。     

一种改进的全局K-均值聚类算法

将快速K中心点聚类算法确定初始中心点的思想应用于全局K-均值聚类算法,对其选取下一个簇的最佳初始中心的方法进行改进,提出选取下一个簇的最佳初始中心的一种新方法.该新方法选择一个周围样本分布相对密集,且距离现有簇的中心比较远的样本为下一个簇的最佳初始中心,得到一种改进的全局K-均值聚类算法.改进后的算法不仅可以避免将噪音点作为下一个簇的最佳初始中心点,而且在不影响聚类效果的基础上缩短了聚类时间.通过UCI机器学习数据库数据以及随机生成的人工模拟数据实验测试,证明改进的全局K-均值聚类算法与全局K-均值聚类算法及快速全局K-均值聚类算法相比在聚类时间上更优越.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…