三氟丙酮酮醇互变异构反应机理的量子化学理论研究

为了解三氟丙酮水溶液中酮式构型向烯醇式构型转变的可能性,采用二阶M覬ller-Plessset微扰理论研究了三氟丙酮的酮醇互变异构反应机理.三氟丙酮的烯醇式构型和酮式构型都可与水分子通过分子间氢键形成复合物,这些分子间氢键的形成有效降低了酮醇互变异构反应的活化能,从而使得三氟丙酮更容易由酮式构型转变为烯醇式构型.进一步使用CPCM溶剂化模型研究溶剂对酮醇互变异构反应的影响,结果发现,酮醇互变异构反应在水溶液中比在气相中更容易进行.计算三氟丙酮由酮式构型向烯醇式构型转化的活化能,结果表明,酮醇互变异构反应的活化能偏高,不会影响中性水溶液中酮式构型的主导地位.     

三氟甲磺酸催化香芹酮异构化反应探究

使用三氟甲磺酸作催化剂,对香芹酮异构化反应进行研究.考察了催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等条件对异构化产物香芹酚转化率的影响.实验结果表明,三氟甲磺酸在异构化过程中有着良好的催化活性,当反应条件为:催化剂用量为10 mol%,反应温度50℃,反应时间0.75 h,香芹酮转化率约为99%.为进一步绿色环保化催化异构化香芹酮提供了基础的数据.产物经核磁共振和气相色谱进行分析与表征.     

铜参与的三氟甲硫化反应研究进展

由于三氟甲硫基强的吸电子作用、亲脂性和疏水性,三氟甲硫醚类化合物在生物、医药和农药等领域得到了广泛应用,其合成方法也逐渐成为有机化学领域的研究热点之一,其中铜试剂参与的三氟甲硫化反应发展迅速.按照参与三氟甲硫化反应底物的不同,主要综述了各种铜试剂参与的卤代烃、芳基硼酸、C—H键活化等方面的三氟甲硫化反应的研究进展.     

2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺及其Schiff碱的合成与表征

以对氯三氟甲苯为原料,经硝化反应和金属还原,合成了2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺;再将2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺与不同的芳香醛反应,合成了2-氯-5-三氟甲基苯胺Schiff碱,产率达到68%~85%,对合成Schiff碱的结构进行了红外光谱、紫外光谱、核磁共振、质谱表征.     

CF_3SO_2Na在三氟甲基化反应中的应用研究进展

CF_3SO_2Na具有稳定、便宜的特点,常作为含氟砌块用来将三氟甲基引入至化合物中,在合成有机氟化学领域有广泛的应用.综述了近年来CF_3SO_2Na作为氟源在自由基三氟甲基化反应中的应用研究进展,总结了烯烃类化合物、杂环化合物、芳香类化合物及其衍生物以及环化的三氟甲基化反应,可为CF_3SO_2Na合成新颖结构的含三氟甲基化合物提供参考及研究基础.     

CF3S02Na在三氟甲基化反应中的应用研究进展

CF3S02Na具有稳定、便宜的特点，常作为含氟砌块用来将三氟甲基引入至化合物中，在合成有机氟化学领域有广泛的应用?综迷了近年来CF3S02Na作为氟源在自由基三氟甲基化反应中的应用研究进展，总结了晞烃类化合物、杂环化合物、芳香类化合物及其衍生物以及环化的三氟甲基化反应，可为CF3 S02 Na合成新颖结构的含三氟甲基化合物提供参考及研究基础.     

六氟丙烯二聚反应的新催化剂研究

以溴化亚铜/2,2 ′-联吡啶配合物为催化剂,以乙腈为溶剂,研究了六氟丙烯的齐聚反应.产物结构通过核磁共振氟谱进行了表征.同时,考察了催化剂用量、反应温度及反应时间对齐聚反应的影响.实验结果显示,在室温下,该催化剂能高效、高选择性地催化六氟丙烯进行二聚反应,生成了反式结构的六氟丙烯二聚体.与已有的催化剂相比,溴化亚铜/2,2′-联吡啶配合物为催化剂不仅具有高活性、高选择性及对环境友好的优点,而且还能使反应在室温下进行,有利于节能、降低生产成本.     

2-三氟甲基-2,3-二氢-1,3,4-噁二唑衍生物的合成

用三氟甲基酮酰腙作为三氟甲基合成砌块,在无催化剂条件下,通过三氟甲基酮酰腙和乙酸酐的酰化环化反应,合成了一系列三氟甲基取代的2,3-二氢-1,3,4-噁二唑衍生物.该法具有反应步骤短,操作简单及产率高等特点.     

α-位含氟及其他吸电子基团仲醇化合物的酶促酯化动力学拆分

运用脂肪酶对一系列α-位含三氟甲基和二氟亚甲基及其他吸电子基团仲醇类化合物进行了生物催化拆分,以较高的选择性得到了手性仲醇化合物,探讨了α-位取代基对反应选择性的影响.     

β-氟-α,β-不饱和酯的绿色合成

研究了在无溶剂条件下羰基化合物、溴氟乙酸乙酯和三苯基膦三组分的"一锅法"反应,制备了一系列的β-氟-α,β-不饱和酯.本合成方法具有简便、原料价格便宜、反应快速、产率较高、对环境污染小等优点.     

铬取代磷钒杂多酸催化合成苹果酯

以乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇为原料,环己烷为带水剂,用自制的Bi-capped Keggin型铬钒磷杂多酸为催化剂,合成了苹果酯.探讨了催化剂用量、原料配比、带水剂用量和反应时间对产品收率的影响,并用多种手段对产品做了检测分析.得到合成该酯的最佳工艺条件为:n(乙酰乙酸乙酯)/n(乙二醇)=1∶2,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,环己烷做带水剂,在反应温度80～104　℃回流反应60　min,酯收率可达98.54%.在此条件下,酯收率可达98.54%.     

Manganese(III) acetate-mediated radical reaction of [60]fullerene with bromoacetic acid, 3-chloropropionic acid or 1-naphthylacetic acid

The manganese(III) acetate-mediated radical reaction of [60]fullerene (C₆₀) with three carboxylic acids, that is, bromoacetic acid, 3-chloropropionic acid, and 1-naphthylacetic acid, was investigated. The reaction of C₆₀ with bromoacetic acid in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine afforded the anticipated C₆₀-fused lactone, while the reaction with 3-chloropropionic acid unexpectedly led to the formation of a novel C₆₀-fused lactone with the loss of one molecule of HCl. Interestingly, the reaction with 1-naphthylacetic acid under similar conditions gave both C₆₀-fused lactone and 1,4-adduct, yet each of them could be selectively obtained by controlling reaction conditions. It was also observed that the C₆₀-fused lactone bearing a bulky naphthyl group existed as two isomers.     

水合磷酸铁铵的低热固相合成及其对乙酸丁酯的催化作用

以Fe2(SO4)3与NH4H2PO4·12H2O为原料,PEG-400为表面活性剂,经低热固相反应合成得到水合磷酸铁铵,经XRD分析表征确定其分子式为Fe3(NH4)(PO3(OH)0.666O0.333)3(PO2(OH)2)3(H2O)6Fe3H23.998NO29.997P6后,用其作为催化剂进行乙酸丁酯的合成试验。试验应用均匀设计试验法及数据挖掘技术,在数据挖掘成果的指导下考察反应时间、醇酸物质的量比及催化剂用量等因素对收率的影响。获得催化反应的最佳工艺条件是反应时间6h,醇酸物质的量比1.56∶1,催化剂用量1.73g。在这个最优的工艺条件下,水合磷酸铁铵催化合成乙酸丁酯的收率可达到98.6%。水合磷酸氢铁铵不仅合成工艺简单,可行,而且作为乙酸丁酯的催化剂时,具有良好的催化活性,工业应用潜质大。     

Zn-Co DMC催化合成环氧丙烷-二氧化碳共聚物

制备了基于Zn₃[Co(CN)₆]₂的双金属氰化络合物催化剂,考察了在不同反应条件下催化环氧丙烷/二氧化碳共聚反应的催化性能以及反应条件对产物组成的影响.结果表明：该催化剂能高效催化共聚反应,催化效率可达2 000 g/g Zn₃[Co(CN)₆]₂以上.共聚产物经FT-IR和1H NMR表征,在适宜反应条件下共聚物中二氧化碳摩尔分数可达到0.3以上,产物中也有少量环加成产物碳酸亚丙酯,较低的温度和较高的压力有利于二氧化碳转化为共聚物.     

Kinetic study on the direct nitridation of silicon powders diluted with α-Si3N4 at normal pressure

Silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) powders were prepared by the direct nitridation of silicon powders diluted with α-Si₃N₄ at normal pressure. Silicon powders of 2.2 μm in average diameter were used as the raw materials. The nitriding temperature was from 1623 to 1823 K, and the reaction time ranged from 0 to 20 min. The phase compositions and morphologies of the products were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The effects of nitriding temperature and reaction time on the conversion rate of silicon were determined. Based on the shrinking core model as well as the relationship between the conversion rate of silicon and the reaction time at different temperatures, a simple model was derived to describe the reaction between silicon and nitrogen. The model revealed an asymptotic exponential trend of the silicon conversion rate with time. Three kinetic parameters of silicon nitridation at atmospheric pressure were calculated, including the pre-exponential factor (2.27 cm·s^?1) in the Arrhenius equation, activation energy (114 kJ·mol^?1), and effective diffusion coefficient (6.2×10^?8 cm²·s^?1). A formula was also derived to calculate the reaction rate constant.     

Dawson结构磷钼钒酸在环己烷催化氧化中的应用

以Dawson结构的磷钼钒杂多酸为催化剂、 质量分数为30%的H₂O₂为氧化剂, 研究环己烷的催化氧化反应. 考察了钒含量、 温度、 催化剂用量、 过氧化氢用量及反应时间对环己烷氧化反应的影响, 并将其结果与以相应的Keggin结构磷钼钒杂多酸为催化剂时得到的结果进行比较, 表明在相同反应条件下, Dawson结构的磷钼钒酸的催化活性明显高于相应的Keggin结构的磷钼钒酸的催化活性.     

Microstructure evolution and reaction behavior of Cu–Ni alloy and B_4C powder system

Microstructure evolution and reaction behavior of Cu–Ni alloy and B_4C power system was studied by in-situ and static experimental investigations along with theoretical calculations. The reaction process was as follows. Firstly,B_4C decomposed into B and C atoms, and then B atoms diffused into Cu–Ni matrix, leading to the formation of Ni_2B particles. Subsequently, Ni atoms diffused into B_4C, forming a loose mixture of Ni_2B and amorphous C at the initial powder boundary. Finally, with the completion of reaction, Ni_2B particles at the powder boundary grew into a monolithic block, and then C substance was excluded out and accumulated at the edge of this monolithic Ni_2B block. It is believed that the formation of Ni_2B phase is caused by the most negative change of Gibbs free energy among all the potential reactions between Ni–B and Ni–B_4C systems.     

An in-situ DRIFTS study in the reaction between NO x and soot on BaAl2O4

The interactions between NO, O2 and their mixture on BaAl2O4, as well as the reaction of NOx with soot in the presence of O2, have been investigated using Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy （DRIFTS）. NO adsorption produces only nitrites species in the absence of O2. NO2 adsorption produces nitrates species besides nitrites species. The produced nitrites will further react with O2, Osurf^-. and Olattice^2- to form nitrates. The reaction of NOx with soot begins with the reaction of nitrates with soot oxygenated complex （C（O））, which is regarded as the key and rate determining step. A reaction pathway is proposed for the catalyzed reaction of NOx with soot in the presence of O2.     

Reaction condition optimization and kinetic investigation of roasting zinc oxide ore using (NH<Subscript>4</Subscript>)<Subscript>2</Subscript>SO<Subscript>4</Subscript>

An orthogonal test was used to optimize the reaction conditions of roasting zinc oxide ore using (NH₄)₂SO₄. The optimized reaction conditions are defined as an (NH₄)₂SO₄/zinc molar ratio of 1.4:1, a roasting temperature of 440°C, and a thermostatic time of 60 min. The molar ratio of (NH₄)₂SO₄/zinc is the most predominant factor and the roasting temperature is the second significant factor that governs the zinc extraction. Thermogravimetric–differential thermal analysis was used for (NH₄)₂SO₄ and zinc mixed in a molar ratio of 1.4:1 at the heating rates of 5, 10, 15, and 20 K·min-1. Two strong endothermic peaks indicate that the complex chemical reactions occur at approximately 290°C and 400°C. XRD analysis was employed to examine the transformations of mineral phases during roasting process. Kinetic parameters, including reaction apparent activation energy, reaction order, and frequency factor, were calculated by the Doyle–Ozawa and Kissinger methods. Corresponding to the two endothermic peaks, the kinetic equations were obtained.     

Novel approaches to produce Al2O3– TiC/TiCN– Fecomposite powders directly from ilmenite

Al2O3 –TiC/TiCN–Fe composite powders were successfully prepared directly from ilmenite at 1300–1400℃.The effects of Al/C ratio,sintering atmosphere,and reaction temperature and time on the reaction products were investigated.Results showed that the nitrogen atmosphere was bene cial to the reduction of ilmenite and the formation of Al2O3 –TiC/TiCN–Fe composite powders.When the reaction temperature was between 600 and 1100℃,the intermediate products,TiO2,Ti3O5 and Ti4O7 were found,which changed to TiC or TiCN at higher temperature.Al/C ratio was found to affect the reaction process and synthesis products.When Al addition was 0.5 mol,the Al2O3 phase did not appear.The content of carbon in TiCN rose when the reaction temperature was increased.