染料脱色菌无花果曲霉的微波诱变育种

采用微波对染料脱色菌无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum)进行不同时间诱变处理,确定了微波诱变的最佳诱变时间,比较了出发菌株与突变株的菌落形态及孢子形态的差异,研究了培养时间、温度、转速、pH对染料脱色的影响。结果表明:用功率为800 W的微波火力对无花果曲霉(Aspergillus ficuum)进行处理30 s,获得的突变株P30具有最佳脱色效果,突变株的菌落比原菌落直径大,分布不规则,菌落相对较少,其孢子颜色变深。突变株对染料脱色的最佳pH为6.0,最佳温度为33℃,转速为120 r/m in,时间为72 h。P30突变株对活性艳蓝KN-R的脱色率比出发菌株提高了11%。     

一株耐盐絮凝菌的脱色性能研究

以直接墨绿染料为处理对象,考察温度、pH值、无机盐质量分数、染料初始质量浓度对耐盐絮凝菌H-6脱色性能的影响。结果表明,耐盐絮凝菌H-6对直接墨绿染料的脱色作用包括菌丝球吸附脱色和絮凝剂凝聚脱色两种,并且在150 r/min转速、30℃、pH=7和75 g/L NaCl培养条件下对100 mg/L直接墨绿染料的脱色率效果最佳,脱色率在90%以上。     

霉菌菌丝球WY对酸性棕染料PR的脱色研究

 研究了霉菌菌丝球WY对酸性棕染料PR的脱色性能及对实际印染废水的脱色作用。WY的脱色温度范围较宽,在25~50 ℃范围内,其脱色率均在92％以上。菌球WY的最佳脱色温度为45℃,在此温度时,PR的脱色率达97.92％。菌球WY的最佳脱色pH值为5.0、最佳摇速为90 r/min,PR的相应脱色率分别达93.73％和92.45%。染料浓度在100~300mg/L范围内,WY对PR具有明显的去除活性,300 mg/L时,其去除率达88.71%。菌球WY对染料PR的脱色需要一定的营养。WY对PR脱色所需碳源和氮源范围都较宽。废牛奶可作为WY的良好营养,在省去碳源和氮源的培养基中按2%和10%加入废牛奶制备的菌丝球,对PR的脱色率分别达75.94％和98.06％。WY对实际印染废水有较好的脱色作用,脱色率为86.24%。甲醇对PR具有很好的解吸效果,其解吸率达97.17%。解吸后的菌球对染料仍有很好的脱色作用,其脱色率达93.78%,菌球可重复利用。     

黑曲霉菌丝球对直接耐晒翠蓝FBL的脱色特性

探讨黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)菌丝球的生长特性,以及染料种类对其脱色特性的影响.以直接耐晒翠蓝FBL为处理对象,考察染料初始质量浓度、曲霉孢子投加量、pH值、无机盐质量分数、温度、C源和N源对黑曲霉的脱色性能的影响.结果表明,黑曲霉对多种染料有很好的去除效果.对直接耐晒翠蓝FBL的最佳脱色条件是:染料初始质量浓度低于100 mg·L-1、黑曲霉孢子投加量为2.5×104个·mL-1、染料培养基pH值为6、Nacl质量分数低于5%,培养温度在30～40℃之间,并需适量补充C源、N源.     

一株嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌对结晶紫的脱色条件研究

从福州某印染厂废水处理池的活性污泥中筛选分离得到8株对结晶紫染料有脱色能力的菌株.对其中脱色效果最好1株菌F7进行了鉴定及脱色条件的研究,结果表明,该菌为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomnas maltophilia),在pH7.0、温度为35℃、盐度为0.5%、摇床转速为150 r/min条件下,其脱色效果最好,培养8 h对60 mg/L结晶紫溶液的脱色率达95.7%.     

Burkholderia cepacia对水中孔雀石绿的降解

从福州某印染厂活性污泥中分离筛选出1株对孔雀石绿染料有强脱色能力的菌株C09G,根据其形态学特征、生理生化鉴定以及16S rDNA基因序列分析,鉴定为Burkholderia cepacia.在振荡培养条件下对该菌株的脱色降解特性进行了研究,结果表明:菌株C09G的最佳碳源为葡萄糖,最佳氮源为KNO3,最适脱色初始pH为6.0,最佳菌投体积分数为4%,最适脱色温度为35℃,在最佳脱色条件下脱色30 h,该菌株对质量浓度为30 mg.L-1的孔雀石绿脱色率可达到98.6%.     

球衣菌对染料的耐受性及其脱色特性研究

从福州祥坂污水处理厂的活性污泥混合液中分离到1株球衣菌,并就其对染料的耐受性及脱色特性进行了研究.结果表明,该菌株对直接耐晒黑、酸性黑ATT等偶氮染料具有良好的耐受性,对碱性橙、碱性棕染料耐受性一般,而对孔雀石绿和碱性品蓝等染料的耐受性较差.综合考虑耐受性及脱色效果,选择酸性黑ATT作为脱色实验染料.该菌对酸性黑ATT的最大耐受极限为1.9 g/L.其脱色效果受温度、pH值、装液量和培养时间的影响较大.酸性黑ATT的最佳脱色条件为:pH值为7.0,温度为28 ℃,培养基装液量为60 mL,接种量为4%,培养时间为4 d.在此条件下,菌株对酸性黑ATT的脱色率可达93.30%.     

黄曲霉对酞菁染料脱色研究

通过驯化富集培养,从废水池污泥中分离到一株染料脱色真菌,经鉴定命名为黄曲霉,探讨了黄曲霉对直接耐晒翠蓝ＧＬ的脱色条件,结果表明,黄曲霉对直接耐晒翠蓝ＧＬ的最佳脱色Ｐ眯６．０最佳温度为３３℃,在此条件下的脱色率达９９．４７％,碳源、氮源和接种量对其脱色率均有影响。     

汉麻杆活性炭的制备及对竹醋液脱色脱臭的研究

为了研究自制的汉麻活性炭对竹醋原液的脱色脱臭的最佳工艺,以单因素试验考察活性炭的用量、吸附时间、温度对竹醋原液(100℃蒸馏液)脱色脱臭的影响.结果表明:最佳工艺条件为单位体积竹醋原液汉麻活性炭用量24mg/mL,单位体积竹醋蒸馏液汉麻活性炭用量10mg/mL,吸附20min,吸附温度60℃,pH值为3.0,磷酸汉麻活性炭脱色率达85%以上;氯化锌脱色率达60%以上,磷酸汉麻活性炭吸附量高达385.3～427.3mg/g.结论:磷酸汉麻活性炭脱色率比其他活性炭脱色、脱臭率高,可应用于竹醋液的脱色脱臭.     

染料脱色菌群的初筛及脱色条件的研究

从印染厂池的污泥中筛选到对染料有脱色作用的脱色菌群，研究了脱菌群在不同温度、不同Ｐ不培养时间等不同培养条件下对染料脱色的情况。试验结果表明，脱色菌对外界条件无严格要求，适应范围广，但在ＰＨ偏碱，温度为３０℃，培养时间为７２ｈ时可达最佳脱色效果，脱色率在９０％以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the