金刚石表面化学复合镀Ni-Ti-RE

在金刚石表面化学镀ＮｉＷＰ,然后化学复合镀ＮｉＴｉＲＥ．实验发现金刚石表面有颗粒状金属Ｔｉ沉积．镀层经９００℃热处理,Ｘ射线衍射证实金刚石表面有ＴｉＣ生成．在金属基金刚石复合体中,镀覆后的金刚石与基体金属之间的结合强度明显增加．     

多孔金属结合剂金刚石砂轮节块的有限元分析

利用十四面体模型描述开孔金属结合剂金刚石砂轮胎体的胞体结构，并用有限元方法确定材料的弹性模量，进而将金刚石以增强颗粒的形式加入胎体材料中，形成开孔结构的金属结合剂金刚石砂轮节块的有限元模型。数值分析了以金刚石为增强颗粒的多孔金属结合剂复合材料在横向剪切载荷下的应力情况。结果表明，多孔金属结合剂金刚石砂轮节块在承受横向剪切载荷下，最大应力发生在胎体上，这与试验中节块断裂往往出现在胎体中孔的棱边上相一致。     

金刚石表面的金属化

用真空蒸镀法在金刚石镀覆Ｔｉ层，并经扩散处理使金刚石表面形成ＴｉＣ膜，实现了金刚石表面的金属化，Ｘ射线衍射分析证实了ＴｉＣ的存在，利用ＸＰＳ定量分析验证了在金刚石表面碳原子与钛镀层之间的反应模型，经表面金属化的金刚石烧结体的力学性能测试表明，金刚石与粉末合金界面上的结合得到增强。     

稀土元素La在金属胎体-金刚石复合材料中的作用

研究了不同热压烧结条件下,稀土元素La对铜基胎体-金刚石复合材料的抗弯性能和断口形貌的影响。结果表明：加入适量的La,可以减少胎体中孔洞缺陷,改善胎体的组织结构,提高胎体性能;适量La可以净化金刚石表面,提高金刚石颗粒和金属胎体之间的黏结性能,并能进一步提高金属胎体-金刚石复合材料的性能。     

用相转移法在金刚石表面沉积二氧化钛薄膜

用相转移法在金刚石表面沉积二氧化钛，探讨了沉积工艺条件．覆层在高温和真空条件下被还原为单质金属钛，Ｘ射线衍射分析表明金刚石表面有钛和碳化钛生成．考察了金刚石复合体中金刚石与基体金属之间的结合状况，结果表明沉积了钛涂层的金刚石与胎体金属之间的粘结强度得到明显改善．     

金刚石表面金属化

主要介绍了金刚石表面金属化原理，模型及作用，以及金刚石表面金属化的几种制备方法：化学镀加电镀，真空物理气相沉积镀，化学气相镀，真空蒸发镀，粉末覆盖烧结镀覆，并对各种镀覆方法的镀覆特征和应用效果作了比较，从应用情况看，真空微蒸发镀覆技术，粉末覆盖烧结镀覆和低温电镀均可以显著提高工具寿命。     

金刚石表面金属化

主要介绍了金刚石表面金属化原理、模型及作用,以及金刚石表面金属化的几种制备方法:化学镀加电镀、真空物理气相沉积镀、化学气相镀、真空蒸发镀、粉末覆盖烧结镀覆,并对各种镀覆方法的镀覆特征和应用效果作了比较.从应用情况看,真空微蒸发镀覆技术、粉末覆盖烧结镀覆和低温电镀均可以显著提高工具寿命.     

胎体耐损性弱化孕镶金刚石钻头的试验及碎岩机理分析

为了提高孕镶金刚石钻头在坚硬致密弱研磨性地层的钻进效率,将胎体耐磨损性弱化理论引入钻头设计中,对胎体耐磨损性弱化孕镶金刚石钻头碎岩机理进行探讨并对胎体进行扫描电镜分析。研究结果表明:与普通孕镶金刚石钻头相比,胎体耐磨损性弱化孕镶金刚石钻头的机械钻速提高了64%;经弱化处理的钻头在钻进过程中,弱化颗粒易于从胎体表面脱落,使其表面形成非光滑形态,减少了钻头唇面与孔底岩石面之间的接触面积,提高了钻头唇面与岩石的单位面积压力,改善了金刚石颗粒的冷却效果,降低了金刚石颗粒的热损耗;脱落的弱化颗粒在孔底参与磨损钻头胎体,增加了孔底岩粉的研磨能力,促进了胎体中新颗粒金刚石的出刃。     

金刚石钻头的低熔点浸渍工艺研究

金刚石钻头的无压浸渍工艺，是在装好金刚石的石墨模中放入骨架粉末和胎体材料，在以铜为合金的胎体材料中，加入一定数量的低熔点金属或合金，在适宜的覆盖剂保护下，胎体材料的熔化温度可以降低１００～１５０℃．在熔化过程中，使金属或合金与铜合金相互作用，形成低熔点的液态化合物或共晶化合物，并具有较好的流动性和收缩性．在毛细管现象的作用下，液态金属能完善地浸渍整个碳化钨、骨架粉末的孔隙间．冷却凝固后，使钻头体、胎体和金刚石形成一个牢固的整体．     

金刚石、碳化硅复合热传导材料的发展

金刚石或碳化硅增强的金属基或陶瓷基复合热传导材料理论上具有高的热导率、低的热膨胀系数,然而金刚石或者碳化硅与基体的界面结合问题严重降低了复合热传导材料的热导率。通过改善烧结工艺、添加碳化物形成元素、增强相表面镀铜等方法来解决问题,虽取得一定效果,但并未完全解决界面问题。本文介绍了两种更为有效的解决手段,在金属基复合材料中,通过在增强相表面镀覆碳化物金属镀层的方法改善界面结合问题;在陶瓷基复合材料中,采用添加活性添加剂以及在增强相表面镀覆障碍层的办法解决陶瓷基复合热传导材料中的氧化问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.