TiO_2光催化降解活性艳兰KN-R的动力学研究

以纳米二氧化钛为光催化剂,研究了溶液pH值,TiO2投加量,H2O2用量及染料起始浓度对光催化降解活性艳兰KN-R动力学的影响.结果表明,TiO2光催化降解活性艳兰KN-R的反应遵循准一级反应动力学方程,且表观反应速率常数随溶液pH值的升高及染料起始浓度的降低而增大;TiO2和H2O2的投加量均存在一个最佳值,在本实验条件下,它们分别为0.5 g.l-1和2.0×10-2mol.l-1,低于或超过该值都会导致降解速率的下降.     

纳米Bi_2O_3/TiO_2光催化剂的制备及光催化活性评价

在超声波作用下采用水解法制备Bi2O3/TiO2复合光催化剂,以紫外灯为光源,对有机染料进行光催化降解实验,考察Bi2O3/TiO2的光催化性能.结果表明:Bi2O3与TiO2复合拓宽了催化剂对光的吸收范围,提高了TiO2的光催化活性,掺杂量(Bi2O3)为0.25%(w)复合光催化剂催化活性最高.考察了催化剂投加量、染料初始浓度、溶液pH值等因素对罗丹明B降解效果的影响,降解反应遵从假一级动力学模型,测得反应速率常数为0.0574min-1.     

纳米TiO2光催化氧化苯甲酸

采用DegussaP-25 TiO2悬浮体系,以紫外灯(λmax=254 nm)为光源,考察苯甲酸光催化氧化中溶液初始pH值、催化剂质量浓度、初始苯甲酸质量浓度、H2O2投加量对光催化氧化速率的影响,并对苯甲酸的光催化氧化过程进行了动力学分析.结果表明:苯甲酸的光催化氧化过程可采用准一级动力学模型;在pH=3.5时光催化氧化效果最佳,当催化剂质量浓度为0.05 g/L时,总有机碳去除率为87.2%;催化剂质量浓度大于0.1 g/L时,在反应初始阶段吸附作用为主要控制因素,但是随着反应的进行,传质和光源的利用率成为主要控制因素;随着苯甲酸质量浓度的增加,反应由一级向零级过渡;外加H2O2能够提高反应速率,其最佳投加量为1.5 mg/L.     

TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的研究

以高压汞灯为光源,研究了TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的动力学规律,并考察了苯酚初始质量浓度、催化剂投加量、溶液pH值、光强等对苯酚光解速率的影响.研究结果表明该反应过程可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学方程描述;在一定条件下,催化剂的投加量、溶液pH值均存在一最佳值;各因素对光催化降解苯酚反应影响的重要性排列顺序是,光照时间＞pH值＞光照强度＞TiO2投加量.     

纳米二氧化钛光催化降解硝基甲苯类废水的试验研究

采用纳米TiO2悬浮体系在循环式光催化反应器中处理硝基甲苯类废水,考察了TiO2投加量,H2O2投加量和pH值对光催化降解效率的影响.结果表明:2,6-二硝基甲苯和4-硝基甲苯的初始浓度分别为100mg/L和60mg/L,TiO2投加量为0.1g/L,H2O2投加量为0.1ml/L,pH值为3时,光催化反应2h,2,6-二硝基甲苯和4-硝基甲苯的去除率最高,分别为58.8%和68.6%.硝基甲苯浓度不高时,光催化降解反应符合准一级动力学方程.     

二氧化钛膜及其改性膜光催化降解亚甲基蓝的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制得锐钛型二氧化钛薄膜，研究了亚甲基蓝在该膜上的光催化降解初始速率与溶液初始pH值、外加电子捕获剂H2O2和外加空穴捕获剂CH3OH的关系，结果表明：投加TiO2膜光催化氧化亚甲基蓝的初始反应速率为0．012min^-1大于未投加TiO2薄膜的光氧化初始反应速率0．007min^-1.当pH为12．9，H2O2和CH3OH加入量分别为8．4mmol／L，5．6mmol／L时初始反应速率最大，所制的膜随使用次数的增加活性变化不显著，加入Fe2O3和V2O5制得复合的半导体膜提高了反应活性。     

UV-TiO_2/硅藻土光催化降解DMF的影响因素分析

为探讨废水中DMF光催化氧化的降解规律,采用溶胶-凝胶法水解钛酸四丁酯制备硅藻土负载TiO2复合光催化剂.以DMF溶液的光催化降解为模型反应,研究了初始质量浓度、催化剂质量浓度、pH值、光强、外加双氧水等因素对DMF去除效果的影响.结果表明:随初始质量浓度增加,光强增大,H2O2用量增加,去除率提高;去除DMF的最佳催化剂质量浓度为2~4g/L,pH为5.36;在初始质量浓度为200mg/L、紫外灯功率为300W时,最大去除率达89.3%.设计正交实验确定了各因素对光催化降解DMF反应影响的重要性为:光照时间>初始质量浓度>光照强度>H2O2浓度>催化剂质量浓度.     

TiO_2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的研究

以高压汞灯为光源,研究了TiO2悬浆体系光催化降解苯酚的动力学规律,并考察了苯酚初 始质量浓度、催化剂投加量、溶液pH值、光强等对苯酚光解速率的影响.研究结果表明:该反应过 程可以用Langmuir-Hinshelwood(L-H)动力学方程描述;在一定条件下,催化剂的投加量、溶液 pH值均存在一最佳值;各因素对光催化降解苯酚反应影响的重要性排列顺序是,光照时间>pH 值>光照强度>TiO2投加量.     

TiO2光催化氧化降解偶氮染料

研究了催化剂,光源、溶液初始浓度、溶液初始pH值等因素对甲基橙光催化氧化降解反应的影响.实验结果表明,最佳实验条件为:以灼烧的TiO2为催化剂,催化剂的投加量为0.8g.L-1,采用浸没式紫外灯作光源,甲基橙初始浓度为20mg·L-1,溶液初始pH=3.该实验条件下,甲基橙一小时脱色率可达81.3%.该研究可为偶氮染料降解提供新的思路.     

TiO2光催化降解有机磷农药的机理和应用研究

对TiO2光催化剂的用量、反应液的起始浓度和pH值、H2O2的浓度等因素对光催化的影响及机理做了探讨和研究.研究表明,TiO2光催化降解有机磷农药,光催化效率与光照时间、有机磷农药浓度、不同酸溶液及其pH值等因素有关;外加H2O2或Fe3 离子可以影响催化剂的降解效率.同时,还选用透明玻璃片为载体,以溶胶-凝胶法自制了TiO2薄膜催化剂,并应用于有机磷农药的降解,取得了十分理想的降解效果.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.