大跨度预应力T型梁反拱值控制

本文以许一漯高速公路沙河大桥50m预应力T型梁施工为背景，总结了梁体反拱值对施工方面的不利影响，讨论了影响反拱值大小的诸多因素，提出了较详号的控制反拱值的有效方法。文中所述内容对跨度不同，断面形式不同的先张法或后张法预应力梁均有借鉴作用。     

预应力混凝土框架梁拱度计算与实测分析

文章针对江淮汽车股份有限公司研发中心大楼预应力框架梁,通过弯矩面积法计算了梁的反拱值;利用Ansys应用软件进行有限元分析方法求得了梁的理论反拱值,将理论计算与实测值进行了比较,并对结果的差异进行了分析,得出理论计算与实测值基本吻合。     

体外预应力加固混凝土简支梁的反拱挠度分析

为了在施加预应力阶段准确地计算混凝土梁的反拱挠度,在计算过程中将混凝土梁的抗弯刚度分为有裂缝抗弯刚度和裂缝闭合抗弯刚度.试验采用6根体外预应力加固混凝土简支梁进行研究,先将混凝土梁加载至一定裂缝宽度,再进行体外预应力加固.在试验过程中发现,从张拉预应力初始阶段到张拉预应力结束,由于混凝土梁裂缝的逐渐闭合,混凝土梁的抗弯刚度是逐渐增大的.通过对混凝土梁的截面分析,将混凝土梁的抗弯刚度分为有裂缝抗弯刚度和裂缝闭合抗弯刚度,提出了体外预应力加固混凝土简支梁反拱挠度的计算方法,并用试验结果与计算公式的计算值进行了对比分析,结果表明,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

预应力T梁反拱控制“挠度平衡法”的研究

文章论述了桥梁工程中现场预制的大、中跨度后张法预应力混凝土Ｔ 梁预应力反拱控制的＂挠度平衡法＂的基本概念,推导了存梁期末预应力起拱的取值范围,同时给出了Ｔ 梁底模预设挠曲线矢高的取值范围并用实例进行了验证     

预应力混凝土空心板反拱的检测和分析

通过对７８２例先张法预应力混凝土板的检测和其中３块板的结构实验,深入地分析了这批预应力混凝土板的反拱较为分散的原因,分析表明,其中最主要的原因是预应力钢绞线有效预应力值不准确,分析还表明,对于预拉区出现裂缝的预应力混凝土板计算反拱时,应考虑裂缝人截面刚度的影响。     

装配式张弦梁钢支撑结构力学性能分析

为明晰装配式张弦梁钢支撑系统中预应力张弦梁结构的力学性能，采用ABAQUS有限元软件对张弦梁结构进行数值模拟分析.通过张弦梁撑杆预应力、撑杆截面尺寸、冠梁截面尺寸和桩基侧向刚度等影响因素分析张弦梁钢支撑的受力性能.利用MIDAS有限元软件对张弦梁钢支撑进行整体建模分析.结果表明：张弦梁靠近对撑部分的拉杆的承载能力对整个张弦梁的承载力起决定作用；增大撑杆预应力和桩基侧向刚度对张弦梁钢支撑承载能力有明显增强；增大撑杆截面和冠梁截面对张弦梁系统的承载能力提高不明显；张弦梁钢支撑系统的基坑位移处于预警值范围内，支撑系统对基坑位移有较好的控制作用.     

基于抗裂要求的楼面梁预应力筋数量及其影响因素探讨

在房屋建筑结构的楼面预应力梁设计中,一般需要先行估算预应力筋的数量,传统的基于经验的估算方法往往误差较大.对满足各级抗裂要求所需的预应力筋数量进行了研究.首先列出3种抗裂等级所对应的预应力筋数量的表达公式,引入合理假定后,得到预应力梁跨中和支座处所需预应力筋数量的简化计算公式.之后对预应力筋数量的各种影响因素(梁截面形状、梁跨度、梁截面宽度、抗裂等级、板厚、预应力筋位置等)分别进行了讨论,得出了预应力筋数量与各因素的关系曲线,再将各因素对预应力筋数量的影响程度进行了比较,为结构设计人员在初步设计阶段估算预应力筋数量提供了一种较为准确的依据.     

高性能预应力混凝土梁挠度试验与计算方法

进行了配有高强度低松弛钢绞线、预应力比率0.66～1.00、混凝土强度等级C40～C80的14根先张法高性能预应力混凝土梁的加载全过程试验,研究了预应力比率和截面开裂等因素对试验梁挠度的影响.通过将试验结果与《混凝土结构设计规范》(GB50010—2002)相关计算公式对比分析,得出规范变形计算公式对于未开裂梁是适用的,对于预应力比率不大于0.66的梁开裂后也是适用的;随着预应力比率提高,开裂后梁挠度试验值与规范公式计算值的比值逐渐减小,当预应力比率1.00时其比值仅为0.60.为此,根据试验结果提出了适用于这种高性能预应力混凝土梁的修正的挠度计算方法.     

考虑徐变的钢筋混凝土预制T梁上拱度影响因素分析

建立预应力混凝土T梁的有限元空间计算模型,考虑徐变作用,计算存梁期T梁上拱度,分析上拱度的主要影响因素,与实际测量结果比较,证明计算方法合理.计算分析表明,混凝土弹性模量和预应力为影响T梁存期上拱度的重要因素,可以通过调整施工参数控制T梁存期上拱度;采用规范方法,计算上拱度结果偏于保守;结果可为相关设计施工提供依据.     

先张法预应力混凝土板梁反拱超值与裂缝分析

反拱与裂缝是先张法预应力空心板桥梁常见的质量问题,文章在施工过程中质量控制和实验检测的基础上,通过对先张法预应力混凝土空心板桥设计与施工的总结,从梁体的受力、混凝土性质及施工工艺等方面,综合分析先张法预应力空心板反拱与裂缝病害的成因,并初步提出处理方法和各环节的注意事项.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the