广西北部湾近岸海域近20年赤潮灾害特征分析

本研究对广西北部湾近岸海域2002-2021年发生的20次赤潮灾害进行综合分析,结果表明：近20年广西近岸海域赤潮平均每年发生1次,发生面积约为384 km²,持续时间为3.65 d,主要集中在春夏季,近10年（2012-2021年）相对前10年（2002-2011年）赤潮发生面积增加（18倍）。引发赤潮的生物种类共有10种,其中次数最多的是球形棕囊藻（Phaeocystis globosa）,其次是夜光藻（Noctiluca scintillans）、水华微囊藻（Microcystis flos-aquae）和红海束毛藻（Trichodesmium erythraeum）,但近10年不断有新的赤潮藻种出现。赤潮发生总数中,有毒或有害赤潮11次,分别为球形棕囊藻4次,夜光藻和水华微囊藻各3次,链状裸甲藻（Gymnodinium catenatum）1次。广西近岸海域赤潮发生的分布范围广,2008年以前主要发生在北海市涠洲岛海域,2008年以后钦州市三娘湾和三墩岛海域、北海市廉州湾及防城港市防城湾陆续开始发生赤潮。通过综合分析近20年北部湾近岸海域赤潮发生和分布的基本特征,为北部湾赤潮预警预报及治理工作提供科学依据。     

涠洲岛附近海域一次红海束毛藻赤潮生消过程分析

红海束毛藻（Trichodesmium erythraeum）属蓝藻门、颤藻科、束毛藻属。2004年6月28日至7月1日涠洲岛附近海域发生了一次小规模的红海束毛藻赤潮，这已是该海域近3年内的第3次红海束毛藻赤潮。赤潮生物的最高密度为7．0×10^8cell／L。在赤潮发生前涠洲岛附近海域海水中的营养盐含量变化较大，海水硅酸盐和磷酸盐含量逐月降低，赤潮发生前1天硅酸盐和磷酸盐降至最低。赤潮发生前海水温度持续升高。赤潮发生区与未发生赤潮海区相比，赤潮发生区在赤潮发生前硅酸盐含量更低，基本检不出；赤潮发生区磷酸盐含量降低，但是较对照区含量高。在赤潮形成期间，赤潮发生区硅藻数量明显的降低。本次赤潮发生与海水的富营养化无关，是一次非富营养化引发的赤潮，赤潮的发生导致海区的COD升高。     

深圳湾海域氮磷营养盐变化及富营养化特征

根据 1986?2007 年深圳湾海水水质监测资料, 阐述了氮磷营养盐的变化趋势及其相互关系, 并探讨了深圳湾海域富营养化程度。结果表明, 深圳湾海域水体溶解态无机氮含量年际变化幅度较大, 但总体呈上升趋势。氨氮是溶解态无机氮的主要组成形态, 表明深圳湾无机氮处于热力学不平衡状态。深圳湾海域水体中活性磷酸盐值含量变化幅度比较小, 总体呈下降趋势。深圳湾水体 DIN/ P 值在 1998 年以前呈不断上升趋势, 1998?2002 年之间呈现波动变化, 从 2002 年开始降低, 营养盐含量和组成的改变导致浮游植物群落结构的改变, 深圳湾海域发生的赤潮生物种类有从硅藻向甲藻过渡, 然后从甲藻 向硅藻过渡的趋势;相关分析表明, 溶解态无机氮以及氮磷营养盐之间的相关关系显著( r = 0. 769,p < 0. 01) , 说明氮磷营养盐间有一定程度相似的生物地球化学过程;水体营养状态质量指数显示深圳湾海水富营养化程度很高, 高度富营养化的水体使得深圳湾海域的赤潮日趋频繁, 控制入湾水体污染刻不容缓。     

中国沿海的赤潮

本文分析研究近三十多年来发生在中国沿海的26次赤潮资料，得出以下主要结论。1．引起赤潮发生的赤潮生物有40种，约占世界已记录种类的1／3。在本文统计的资料当中，赤潮主要是由夜光藻(Noctiluca scientillans)和束毛藻属(Trichodesmium)引起的。2．夜光藻主要分布于河口、内湾水深10-20米浅水区，适温范围为12—27℃，适盐范围为18—30‰。3．赤潮通常发生在五、六月份。赤潮区内的赤潮生物密度很高(夜光藻密度高达20×10^4个／升)，波及范围上千平方公里，严重干扰渔场生态环境的平衡，造成渔业上的重大经济损失。本文还对今后如何加强对赤潮的研究提出建议。     

2009-2011年渤海湾赤潮监控区营养盐概况分析

根据2009--2011年的5—10月在渤海湾赤潮监控区6个监测站点进行的连续监测结果,分析、探讨渤海湾赤潮监控区营养盐的变化特征及富营养化概况．结果表明：近3年来,渤海湾赤潮监控区海域受到了无机氮和活性磷酸盐的污染,水体处于严重的富营养化状态,且无机氮的污染程度明显高于活性磷酸盐;从空间分布上看,渤海湾赤潮监控区海域活性磷酸盐的空间变异系数在0．14～0．39之间,高于其他项目的空间变异系数,说明活性磷酸盐在空间分布上的差异明显大于无机氮和硅酸盐;在时间分布上,表层海水营养盐质量浓度存在明显的月变化特征,出现先增高后降低的趋势,在8月份其质量浓度达到最高值;从营养盐的结构特征上看,NO3--N占无机氮质量浓度的57％～70％,是该海域无机氮的主要存在形式;从赤潮监控区的富营养化等级划分来看,赤潮监控区由2009--2010年的磷限制状态转为2011年的富营养化状态．     

宁德市近岸海域富营养化评价

海水富营养化是引发赤潮的因素之一,氮磷比的不均衡也可能引发赤潮藻的大量繁殖,产生赤潮。该文利用2009年~2013年宁德市近岸海域水质监测资料和有关文献来评价该海域的富营养化状况、氮磷比及其变化趋势,结果表明,沙埕港和三都湾水质富营养化水平较高,富营养程度呈下降趋势;晴川湾和福宁湾水质富营养化水平较低,其中晴川湾富营养化程度呈上升趋势,福宁湾富营养化程度变化不大。     

遗传算法预报裸甲藻赤潮的研究

海洋环境污染及水体富营养化程度的加剧使赤潮的发生愈加频繁.研究赤潮发生机制,准确地预报赤潮的发生,对防止赤潮危害,减少赤潮所造成的经济损失,保护人们的健康安全起着重要作用.遗传算法是一种仿生算法,借鉴生物的自然选择和遗传进化机制,是一种全局优化自适应概率搜索算法[1,2],广泛地应用于数学、物理、化学、生物和环境等很多学科.金菊良等[3]采用加速遗传算法进行渤海对虾越冬洄游渔期预报以及冰情预报,效果良好.     

海洋赤潮——大海向人类发出的警告

2004年6月15日,国家海洋局宣布:中国海监飞机和舶近日在渤海海域发现大面积有毒赤潮。其中,黄河附近海域的赤潮面积约1,850平方公里,主要赤潮生为棕囊藻;天津塘沽附近海域至渤海湾中东部及北海域赤潮面积约3,200平方公里,主要赤潮生物为米凯伦藻(三宅裸甲藻)。棕囊藻、米氏凯伦     

溶藻细菌溶藻特异性初步研究

通过从大连黑石礁海域分离的溶藻细菌JM-1与塔玛亚历山大藻、赤潮异湾藻、小三毛金藻、叉鞭金藻、盐藻共培养,观察5种藻细胞生物量的变化,观测该溶藻细菌对5种海洋微藻生长的影响.结果显示.JM-1强烈抑制塔玛亚历山大藻的生长,而对其他4种微藻的生长没有抑制作用.初步说明溶藻细菌JM-1具有溶藻特异性.     

浙江中、南海域的赤潮和赤潮生物

通过对2002年至2004年浙江中、南海域赤潮发生的连续监测分析,表明浙江中、南海域的赤潮高发期集中在每年的4月至7月,近年来赤潮发生规模和频率呈上升趋势.2003年5月在南麂列岛附近海域还监测到一次伴有链状亚历山大藻的小规模有毒赤潮.本区主要赤潮优势种为具齿原甲藻.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.