(Na,K)基地质聚合物原位合成沸石及其钝化土壤Cu2+、Zn2+污染性能研究

以偏高岭土为固体原料,以NaOH和KOH混合碱液为激发剂基于地质聚合物反应合成沸石,并对所合成沸石进行表征,探讨其对土壤Cu2+、Zn2+污染的钝化性能.研究表明:基于地质聚合物反应,控制混合碱液中NaOH/KOH的原料配比,可以获得不同类型沸石,包括碱沸石、方钠石、F型钾沸石、I型钾沸石等;地质聚合物原位转化为沸石后...     

偏高岭土转化为A沸石的结晶动力学

研究了不同粒径偏高岭土向Ａ沸石转晶的动力学，该偏高岭土是由结晶良好，不含杂质的硬质高岭土经预处理获得的偏高岭土中，硅铝摩尔比与理论值一致，预处理时焙烧温度，所用的ＨＣｌ溶液浓度及ＮａＯＨ溶液浓度对Ａ沸石的结晶动力学及所获得的Ａ沸石相对结晶度有很大的影响，粒径为２－３μｍ及２５－３０μｍ的偏高岭土转化为Ａ沸石的成活化能分别为１０．８ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ及１６．６ＫＪ／ｍｏｌ。这表明由偏高岭土转化为Ａ沸石较之     

硫酸长期腐蚀环境下赤泥-煤系偏高岭土地聚合物耐久性研究

以工业废弃物赤泥和煤系偏高岭土为原料,水玻璃和NaOH的混合溶液为激发剂制备赤泥-煤系偏高岭土地聚合物(RCG)试件。探究试件养护7 d后在pH值为2的硫酸溶液中浸泡3～112 d耐酸腐蚀性能。试件抗压强度、X射线光谱分析(EDS)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明,赤泥-煤系偏高岭土地聚合物的聚合反应在酸液中浸泡14 d后基本结束,酸性环境下地聚合物发生解聚并在内部结构中形成裂纹,导致其抗压强度随浸泡时间延长而逐渐降低。酸液中不同浸泡时间下RCG的应力应变曲线上升段差异明显,随浸泡时间延长上升段斜率和峰值应力呈先增大后减小的趋势,浸泡过程中弹性模量与抗压强度具有良好的相关性。以复合幂指数非线性模型为基础,并考虑长期浸泡的因素,建立了模型各参数与酸液浸泡时间D(D≥14 d)的关系,为研究硫酸长期腐蚀下赤泥-煤系偏高岭土地聚合物的应力应变曲线提供了新方法。     

热活化高岭土制备地质聚合物研究

将高岭土与氢氧化钠按不同的质量比混合,在980℃下煅烧35 min进行固体活化,生成硅、铝前聚物.选取碱/土配比最佳的活化产物,经加水、成型和养护,制成有一定抗压强度的地质聚合物.采用FTIR、XRD和SEM方法对原料、活化产物和地质聚合物的表面键合、物相及微观结构进行分析.结果表明,高岭土的特征—Si—O—Si(Al)链在加碱热活化过程中断裂,形成无序的硅、铝前聚物,这些高能的硅、铝前聚物经水化生成具有连续有序三维—Si—O—Si(Al)网状结构的地质聚合物.这种加碱固体热活化方法可有效利用天然硅铝酸盐合成地质聚合物.     

磷酸基偏高岭土地质聚合物研究

为合理的开发利用我国丰富的高岭土资源,研究制备磷酸基偏高岭土地质聚合物。采用水浴放热反应,优化了水浴反应温度,筛选了蒸馏水、浓磷酸最佳用量。结果表明:当偏高岭土用量100.00 g,水浴温度50℃,蒸馏水43.00 g,浓磷酸74.01 g时,磷酸基偏高岭土地质聚合物抗压强度达166.73 MPa。磷酸基偏高岭土地质聚合物制备工艺简单,抗压强度高。     

两种土壤聚合物碱激发剂的激发效果对比

采用大液固比的方法对比研究了氢氧化钠和硅酸钠溶液对偏高岭石的激发作用,将反应到一定时间的浆体进行分离,对分离后的溶液和粉体分别进行分析.研究结果表明:(1)随反应时间的延长,偏高岭土与硅酸钠溶液反应分离后溶液中Si的聚合度增加,溶解的Al单体与溶液中的硅酸根离子聚合,分离后的粉体既有被碱侵蚀后的硅氧的碎片,也有铝单体与硅酸根离子聚合的胶团;(2)随反应时间的延长,偏高岭土与氢氧化钠溶液反应分离后溶液中的Si和Al含量不断增多,但硅和铝没有发生聚合,分离后粉体仅是偏高岭石在碱侵蚀下生成的碎片;(3)硅酸钠溶液中的硅酸根离子对土聚反应起到了重要的作用.     

地质聚合物水热过程中夹心结构形成机理研究

利用偏高岭土为原料,以改性水玻璃溶液(摩尔比Si O2/Na2O=1.0)为碱激发剂,按照产物中Si/Al=1.5(摩尔比)制备地质聚合物,60℃下养护3 d后脱模,在198℃下原位水热反应3.5 h得到由方沸石和地质聚合物组成的夹心型物质。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、N2吸附(BET)等手段对材料进行表征发现,质地均匀的地质聚合物膜片在进行水热反应后内部出现了分层现象,膜片内层的结构疏松,主要是方沸石,外层较为致密,仍为地质聚合物。推测夹心结构的形成机理如下:在水热过程中,外层的地质聚合物膜片中的游离钠离子以及其他养分溶解到水热母液当中,导致在膜片外层达不到晶体成核要求,而在内层可以形成晶核,当晶化条件达到后即可形成方沸石。     

LiNO_3对石英玻璃与NaOH溶液反应的影响

将LiNO_3掺入浸泡有石英玻璃的NaOH溶液中,研究其对碱硅酸反应(ASR)的影响。采用等离子发射光谱仪测试溶液中Na、Si和Li元素浓度,采用酸化处理法分析固相中SiO_2含量,采用X线衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析固相产物的组成和微观形貌。结果表明:在含LiNO3的NaOH溶液中,Li~+优先于Na~+与溶液中SiO_4~(4-)反应,形成的含锂产物阻止了OH-对石英玻璃的进一步破坏,降低了NaOH溶液中石英玻璃的溶蚀率和溶液中SiO_2的溶解度,减缓了ASR的反应速率;不同养护温度下反应形成的含锂产物不同,38℃下主要反应产物为含锂凝胶,60℃下反应形成不溶于水的Li_2SiO_3晶体,提高养护温度有利于Li_2SiO_3晶体的形成。     

固化重金属离子用地质聚合物基体的制备及其离子相容性

以改性钠水玻璃激发粉煤灰、偏高岭土和硅灰等复合硅、铝固体原料,采用混合正交实验设计方法,确定了固化重金属离子用地质聚合物基体的配方并初步研究了基体与Cu2+、Pb2+的相容性.结果表明:在常温(20℃)养护条件下、n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)=4.0、水玻璃模数M=1.2时,可以获得制备性能和力学性能良好的地质聚合物基体,相应的固体原材料组成为:粉煤灰和偏高岭土的质量比为13∶7、硅灰掺量为粉煤灰和偏高岭土总量的18.5%;地质聚合物基体与Cu2+和Pb2+均具有较好的相容性;适当掺量的Cu2+和Pb2+在一定程度上能增加地质聚合物的抗压强度,在掺量达到2%时,固化体均具有较好的强度,能达到资源化利用的目的.     

碱激发污泥灰-偏高岭土胶砂孔结构与强度关系

为了探究不同偏高岭土掺量及不同碱掺量下污泥灰胶砂抗压强度与孔结构之间的关系,以污泥焚烧灰与偏高岭土混合物替代40%水泥,在NaOH与水玻璃激发下制备碱激发污泥灰-偏高岭土胶砂,通过分析胶砂的微观形貌、物相组成、官能团构成、孔结构特征与抗压强度之间的联系,建立了抗压强度与孔隙率和无害孔占比的二元线性关系模型。结果表明：胶砂的密实度与抗压强度均随偏高岭土掺量的增加而提高,随碱掺量的增加先降低后提高;当碱掺量质量分数为5%、偏高岭土掺量质量分数为12%时,胶砂水化产物较多,抗压强度最高,达57.8 MPa;胶砂的孔隙率与无害孔占比受偏高岭土掺量与碱掺量影响较大,与抗压强度线性关系较强;建立的二元线性关系模型与实验数据吻合良好。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.