YbCl3—CaCl2—LiCl三元体系相图的研究

本文利用ＤＴＡ研究了ＹｂＣｌ３－ＣａＣｌ－ＬｉＣｌ三元体系相图，发现该相图有对应于ＹｂＣｌ３，ＣａＣｌ２，ＬｉＣｌ和Ｌｉ３ＹｂＣｌ６的四个液相面，五条二次结晶线，一个三元低共熔点Ｅ（６４．０％ＹｂＣｌ３，１５．２％ＣａＣｌ２，２０．８％ＬｉＣｌ，４０８℃），一个三元转熔点Ｐ（５５．２％ＹｂＣｌ３，２０．２％ＣａＣｌ，２４．６％ＬｉＣｌ，４４８℃）。相应的四相平衡反应为：Ｌ＝ＹｂＣｌ３＋ＬｉＹｂＣｌ     

用开链冠醚PAIV溶剂萃取分离锂同位素

研究了酰胺开链冠醚ＰＡＩＶ－４０％正辛醇－６０％磺化煤油，在不同酸度下对不同锂盐的萃取特性，测定季在１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ酸度下萃取１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ锂盐的＾６Ｌｉ单级分离系数，得到了ＬｉＣｌ，ＬｉＢｒ，ＬｉＩ和ＬｉＴＣｌＡ的     

Li2ZnCl4室温相的新合成方法及表征

以ＬｉＣｌ和ＺｎＣｌ２为原料，用摩擦化学反应法直接合成 了ＬｉｚＺｎＣｌ４的室温相。与文献方法相比，用摩擦化学反尖法制地Ｌｉ２ＺｎＣｌ４简单、经济，且可直接获得室温相。     

SiC晶须增强Al－2．0％Li合金的拉伸性能

研究了压力铸造法制备的ＳｉＣ晶须增强Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金的时效硬化行为与拉伸性能．结果表明，ＳｉＣ晶须的引入不仅可以加速δ′相的长大，使时效峰提前，而且ＳｉＣ晶须的加入还明显提高Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金的强度，而拉伸延伸率降低较少；ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ－Ｌｉ复合材料的拉伸断口呈穿晶韧窝状，不存在通常Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金中因时效引起的断口形貌由穿晶型向沿晶型过渡的现象     

^211At对小白鼠胚胎毒性的研究

采用ＮＩＨ纯系小白鼠为实验材料，以腹腔注射的方式给药，研究了＾２１１Ａｔ对小白鼠胚胎的毒性作用，结果表明，＾２１１Ａｔ有较强的胚胎毒性作用。主要表现为胚胎致畸作用和小鼠出生前死亡率显著增加，最小致畸量为每ｇ体系０．１μＣｉ，最佳致畸量为每ｇ０．２μＣｉ。     

尿素－金属氯化物熔体的电导特性

测定了尿素—ＬｉＣｌ、尿素—ＮａＣｌ、尿素—ｋＣｌ、尿素—ＣｕＣｌ＿２、尿素—ＮｉＣｌ＿２、尿素—ＮａＣｌ—ＣｕＣｌ＿２、尿素—ＮａＣｌ—ＮｉＣｌ＿２熔体的电导率，研究了温度、浓度、碱金属离子大小对电导的影响。在所研究的温度范围内（１００～１３６℃），上述体系的电导率与温度成直线关系，尿素一碱金属氯化物熔体的电导率随阳离子半径增大而减少，且与阳离子半径平方的倒数成线性关系。尿素—ＣｕＣｌ＿２（０．１～１．０ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ￣（－３））的电导率在０．８ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ￣（－３）附近出现最高点，在０．７４ｍｏｌ·ｄｍ￣（－３）氯化物浓度附近，摩尔电导的顺序是ＬｉＣｌ＞ＮａＣｌ＞ＫＣｌ＞。     

妊娠期女性用药安全及用药指导

关于孕期用药安全问题一起受到医学界尤其优生学领域的高度重视和关注。本文从药物对妊娠期三个时期胚胎的影响进行了阐述和分析。在细胞增殖早期药物的毒副作用主要是阻止受孕，或使胚胎死亡而致早期流产；在器官发生期如胚胎接触能致畸的药物，最易发生先天畸形；而在胎儿形成期除中枢神经系统及生殖系统外，一般无致畸危险性，但应高度重视药物对胎儿的毒性作用。列举了不合理用药对胎儿的5类影响。并对科学合理用药进行了指导。     

尿素—金属氯化物熔体的电导特性

测定了尿素－ＬｉＣｌ、尿素－ＮａＣｌ、尿素－ＫＣｌ、尿素－ＮｉＣｌ２、尿素－ＮａＣｌ－ＣｕＣｌ２、尿素－ＮａＣｌ－ＮｉＣｌ２熔体的电导率，研究了温度、浓度、碱金属离子大小对电导的影响。在所研究的温度范围内，上述体系的电导率与温度成直线关系。尿素－碱金属氯化物熔体的电导率随阳离子半径增大耐减少，且与阳离子半径平方的倒数成线性关系。     

锂盐水溶液的热力学性质研究

用Ｍｅｉｓｎｅｒ公式、Ｂｒｏｍｌｅｙ公式、Ｃｈｅｎ公式、Ｐｉｔｚｅｒ公式及经作者改进的平均球近似（ＭＳＡ）方法对锂盐水溶液（最大质量摩尔浓度达２０ｍｏｌ／ｋｇ）的离子平均活度系数进行了计算和比较，结果表明改进后的ＭＳＡ方法的计算精度最高。另外，还应用改进的ＭＳＡ法，使用由单一电解质水溶液离子平均活度系数数据得到的参数，在不用任何混合参数的情况下，预测了２９８．１５Ｋ时ＬｉＣｌ＋Ｌｉ２ＳＯ４和ＬｉＣｌ＋ＫＣｌ水溶液的等温溶解度图，其结果与文献实验值基本一致。     

从盐湖产的粗氯化镁中高效提取氯化锂

为了从盐湖产出的粗氯化镁中高效地提取其中的氯化锂,先检测了原料的成分（Ｈ２Ｏ,４９．６７％;ＭｇＣｌ２,４３．２９％;ＬｉＣｌ,１．３９％;ＣａＣｌ２,０．０７％;ＮａＣｌ＋ＫＣｌ,５．５８％）,有关氯化物在丙酮中的溶解度（ｇ／１００ｍｌ）,ＬｉＣｌ,１．２［２５℃］１．０１４［８℃］;ＮａＣｌ,３×１０－５［２５℃］;ＫＣｌ,９×１０－５［２５℃］;ＣａＣｌ２,０．０１［２５℃］;ＭｇＣｌ２,０．０３［８℃］,和氯化锂在丙酮中溶解达到平衡所需时间（３ｍｉｎ）．由此拟定分离流程为：先用Ｎａ２ＣＯ３和ＮａＯＨ沉淀出Ｃａ,Ｍｇ,母液蒸干,然后用丙酮从足量且干固的碱金属氯化物中提取氯化锂．用模拟料的间歇提取实验获ＬｉＣｌ产品的纯度和收率分别为９９．９８％和９８．３９％;用除去Ｃａ,Ｍｇ的真料的干固物进行一级回流提取实验,获ＬｉＣｌ产品的纯度和收率分别约为９６％和７０％．基于上述结果,本分离程序可望用于ＬｉＣｌ的工业生产     

Calcium-releasing activity induced by nuclei of mouse fertilized early embryos

At fertilization,repectitive transient rises of intracellular calcium concentration occur in all mammals studied so far .It has been shown that calcium rises could be induced when mouse fertilized 1-,2-cell nuclei were trans-planted into unfertilized eggs and that the reconstituted embryo could be activated .Howerver,whecther the capability of inducing calcium rises occurs in all stages of mammalian embryos remains unknown ,In this study ,by using the nuclear transplantation technique and measurement of intracellular calcium rises in living cells,we showed that only the nuclei from mouse fertilized 1-cell and 2-cell embryos ,neither the nuclei from 4-,8-cell and ethanol activated parthe-nogenetic embryos nor 2 or 3 nuclei of electrofused 4-cell stage syncytium ,have calcium -releasing activity when they were transferred into unfertilized mature oocytes,Our results indicate that the calcium-releasing activity in nuclei of 1-,2-cell embryos is produced during fertilization and exists at the special stage of fertilized early embryos.These sug-gested that the capacity of inducting calcium release activity in fertilized early embryos is important for normal embryonic development.     

Production of transgenic blastocyst of sheep by somatic cell cloning

Five samples from primary cultures of five sheep ovarian granulosa cells were transfected by pEGFP- N1 DNA. Five transgenic positive cell lines, each from one of the five samples above, were used as donor nuclei for somatic nucleus transfer. A total of 352 in vitro matured and enucleated sheep oocytes were fused electrically with transgenic granulosa cells and 329 reconstructed embryos were obtained after activation by Ionomycin/6-DMAP, and these embryos were cultured in SOFaaBSA medium for 7 d. The result shows that 312 embryos (94.8%) had gone through cleavage and among them 63 (19.1%) had developed to the blastocyst stage. Expression of GFP gene was detected in various stages of early embryonic development by sampling randomly. Blastocyst rates given by the four cells treated with 0.5% FCS starvation was 19.6% (55/280) and it had not shown difference significantly (P＞0.05) with the result obtained with another cell line that had not gone through serum starvation (16.3%, 8/49). This experiment indicates that sheep transgenic embryos up to the blastocyst stage can be produced effectively by the combination of gene transfection in somatic cells in culture and somatic cell cloning.     

团头鲂的胚胎发育与观察方法优化

通过人工繁殖获得团头鲂受精卵,在体视显微镜下对其胚胎和早期仔鱼发育过程进行了连续观察、拍照与测量.结果显示,团头鲂受精卵呈圆球形,具黏性,卵径(1.18±0.09)mm;在水温(21±1)℃条件下,团头鲂胚胎发育从受精到孵化历时39h10min,经历了胚盘形成、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期7个发育阶段;初孵仔鱼体长(3.44±0.29)mm,出膜后第4d仔鱼鳔完全充气,卵黄囊消失;观察时,受精卵至尾鳍出现期胚胎置0.7%生理盐水中,肌肉效应期和后面各时期的胚胎经4%多聚甲醛固定后置3%甲基纤维素中拍照可获得良好效果.该工作为研究团头鲂胚胎早期发育过程提供了实时和动态的图像资料,并为鱼类胚胎发育观察提供了基本技术参考.     

Scriptaid affects histone acetylation and the expression of development-related genes at different stages of porcine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryo during early development

Although the somatic cell nuclear transfer(SCNT) technique has been used extensively for cloning and generating transgenic pigs,the cloning efficiency is still very low.It has been proposed that the low efficiency of this technique is the result of incomplete epigenetic reprogramming and abnormal gene expression during early embryonic development.In this study,we investigate the effect of Scriptaid,a low-toxicity histone deacetylase inhibitor,on the developmental competence of porcine SCNT embryos.We found that treating SCNT embryos with 500 nmol/L Scriptaid for 15 h after activation significantly enhanced the blastocyst formation rate(27.7%) compared with the untreated group(control)(12.2%,P<0.05).Using an immunofluorescence technique to measure the average fluorescence intensity,we also found that treating SCNT embryos with Scriptaid increased the level of histone acetylation on histone H3 at lysine 14(acH3K14).Furthermore,treating embryos with Scriptaid increased the expression level of three genes that play important roles during embryonic development(Oct4,Klf4 at the blastocyst stage and Nanog at the 4-cell stage).Moreover,the expression level of the apoptosis-related gene Caspase-3 was significantly lower in the Scriptaid-treated SCNT embryos compared with the control SCNT embryos at the 4-cell and blastocyst stages.In conclusion,these results indicate that Scriptaid treatment improves the development and nuclear reprogramming of porcine SCNT embryos.     

Antibodies to gap-junctional protein selectively disrupt junctional communication in the early amphibian embryo

Antibodies to the major protein of rat liver gap junctions, molecular weight 27,000 (27K), have been microinjected into one identified cell of 8-cell stage Xenopus embryos. This treatment selectively disrupts both dye transfer and electrical coupling between the progeny cells. These results provide evidence that the 27K protein is an integral component of the cell-to-cell junctional channel. The disruption of junctional communication at early stages results in specific developmental defects, suggesting that blocking intercellular communication can have a pronounced influence on embryonic development.     

叶斑八氏蛛发育的研究

应用液体石蜡透明卵壳的方法．观察了叶斑八氏蛛Ｙａｇｉｎｕｍｉａｓｉａ（Ｓｔｒａｎｄ）的胚胎早期、体节期、胚胎逆转期、前幼虫期、幼虫期和若虫期等不同阶段的形态特征及发育     

不同水分生境下铅胁迫对芦苇地下芽及其输出子株能力的影响

为明确铅胁迫对不同水分生境条件下芦苇的不同克隆繁殖构件数量和繁殖能力的影响,从芽库和子株角度,采用盆栽实验模拟芦苇的水层和干旱生境,设置五个梯度的铅胁迫浓度处理(0、500、1500、3000和4500mg·kg~(-1))进行了研究.结果表明:分蘖节芽数在水层生境中,处理前期随着铅胁迫浓度的增加而显著减少,而在处理中期和后期却均显著增加,在干旱生境中处理前、中、后期铅胁迫对分蘖节芽数无显著影响.根茎节芽、根茎顶芽和总芽数无论是在水层生境还是在干旱生境,均随着铅胁迫浓度的增加而显著减少.分蘖节子株数在水层生境中,处理前期随着铅胁迫浓度的增加而显著减少,而在处理中期和后期却无显著变化,在干旱生境中随着铅胁迫浓度的增加而显著减少.根茎节子株不存在,根茎顶子株无论是在水层生境还是在干旱生境,均随着铅胁迫浓度的增加而显著减少.总子株数在水层生境中处理中期显著减少,处理后期无显著变化,在干旱生境中处理中期和后期均显著减少,并且总芽数+总子株数在胁迫前期和中期随铅胁迫浓度的增加显著减少.说明不同类型芽具有不同的抵御铅胁迫的策略,分蘖节芽采取了耐性策略而不受影响甚至增加,其他类型的芽采取了逃避策略数量减少;水生生境的芦苇具有逐步适应铅胁迫的能力,并出现了补偿生长效应,而干旱生境进一步加剧了铅胁迫的作用,铅胁迫和干旱具有协同效应.     

花背蟾蜍内胚层细胞核在核移植胚胎LDH表达上的等能性

研究了花背蟾蜍发育不同阶段内胚层细胞核为供体的核移植胚胎的LDH同工酶。发育20期之前的核移植胚胎整体的LDH同工酶谱均与发育同期正常受精的胚胎结果一致。发育20期之后,分别取肝、鳃、脑及肠进行分析,核移植胚胎的LDH同工酶表现也与对照组基本一致,表明花背蟾蜍早期发育不同阶段的内胚层细胞核在核移植胚胎LDH同工酶表达上具有全能性。     

海胆早期神经发育及有机磷农药对其神经毒性作用的研究进展

 早期发育阶段是有机磷农药神经毒性作用最敏感的时期,海胆的胚胎和幼虫为研究有机磷农药对早期发育阶段的神经毒性作用提供了一种理想的模型。本文介绍了海胆的早期神经发育过程,综述了神经系统对海胆早期发育的调控作用,结合近年来国内外的研究,阐述了有机磷农药对海胆早期发育的影响及其神经毒性作用机制,并展望了该领域的研究方向。     

鸡胚早期发育中组织者的起源及其诱导能力

本研究利用活性荧光染料ＤｉＩ，对鸡胚的期和期胚盘进行标记，以确定组织者的部位。并将组织者区域的细胞移植到宿主胚胎中，验证其诱导次级胚胎的能力。结果表明，期、期胚盘的组织者细胞位于胚盘中轴的后端，其细胞的性质已被决定，能够诱导次级胚胎的发育，本研究结果支持原条的发育与组织者细胞性质不是受下胚层诱导的观点。