重庆地区“5.30”暴雨过程的数值模拟及诊断分析

利用WRF(Weather Research Forecast)中尺度数值模式模拟了2004年5月29日20时至30日20时发生在重庆及周边地区的暴雨过程,使用模式输出的高分辨率资料从动力角度对这次暴雨过程进行了诊断分析.结果表明:WRF模式较成功地模拟出了本次大气降水的演变过程,可为暴雨预报和物理诊断提供参考;模拟诊断表明在预报业务中使用螺旋度、非地转湿Q矢量和等位温面图的流线分析等可能会提高预报效果.     

台风韦帕的数值模拟和诊断分析

本文采用WRF中尺度数值模式,以NCEP再分析资料作为初始场和侧边界,对0713号台风韦帕登陆过程进行数值模拟,结果表明该模式能很好的模拟处理台风路径和暴雨落区,并进行相对螺旋度分析,结果表明相对螺旋度对降雨的预报有很好的指示作用。     

2003年江淮连续梅雨暴雨过程的中尺度数值试验

为了分析天气研究及预报WRF(weather research and forecasting)模式对我国天气现象的适用性,利用WRF模式对2003年淮河汛期的3次梅雨锋暴雨过程进行了一组数值模拟试验,对3次天气过程模拟试验采用相同的参数设置,模拟区域根据实况降水落区作了相应设置.模拟结果分析表明,WRF模式能有效模拟我国梅雨锋暴雨的环流背景和天气形势,较好地反映影响暴雨的中尺度系统的发生和发展等特征,还可以较好地模拟出雨带的范围、位置和走向,对降水中心的模拟基本可用.     

云南2次西行台风暴雨过程数值模拟和诊断分析

利用NCEP再分析资料和中尺度数值预报模式(WRF模式),采用三重嵌套网格对2014年7月20日08:00—21日08:00与9月17日08:00—18日08:00的2次西行台风影响云南暴雨过程进行数值模拟试验,并对试验结果进行诊断对比分析.结果表明:WRF模式客观地模拟出了西行台风暴雨过程的强降水落区、强度和基本特征,但当高空无冷空气影响热带低压时暴雨中心与低压中心吻合,冷空气入侵热带低压外围时暴雨中心偏离热带低压中心.同时,较好地模拟出西行台风影响系统的移动方向和影响区域,由于没有考虑地形作用,模拟的影响系统和降水落区比实况位置稍偏西偏北和强度偏弱,但总体上高空高度场、温度场和流场分布也与实况基本一致.另外,WRF模式对相对湿度、涡度、垂直速度的模拟能很好地指示强降水发生的深厚高湿环境条件、正涡管效应和强烈深厚上升运动条件,模拟结果对强降水落区和发生时间有非常好的指示性.     

陇南一次暴雨灾害天气过程的诊断分析

2012年5月10日,甘肃陇南岷县出现了罕见的雷电、短时强降水、冰雹、阵性大风等强对流天气,因灾造成重大人员伤亡和财产损失.利用NCEP再分析资料和中尺度WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式对此次天气过程进行了模拟,并使用模式输出产品作了多种物理量诊断分析.结果表明:该模式能较好地模拟这次天气过程;在此次降水发生过程中,暴雨区出现了很强的辐合上升运动,为降水的形成和发展提供了动力条件,中低层负螺旋度的短暂出现可以作为此次降水即将发生的一个指标;来自西亚地区和孟加拉湾的水汽在甘南中层辐合为此次暴雨提供了足够的水汽;不稳定能量的聚集和释放,并且能量的释放过程比积累过程要快,导致了暴雨的产生.     

采用WRF模式模拟风场分析中尺度暴雨

2005年6月9-10日江苏省中部发生了一次比较突兀的较强降水过程。采用一般常规资料不能清楚得显示其降水的中尺度特征,本文借助于最新的WRF中尺度模式对此次过程进行了数值模拟,暴雨落区及降水量与实况比较接近,说明模拟的效果是令人满意的。接着仅用得出的风场资料进行了分析,结果清楚得揭示了此次降水的中尺度特征,说明WRF模式能准确得模拟出中小尺度天气系统。本文采用的WRF模式参数设置对于模拟我国江淮地区夏季暴雨具有一定的参考价值。     

一次区域性暴雨的数值模拟和诊断分析

利用1次/6 h的NCEP-NCAR再分析资料,对2013年7月21-22日发生在陕西中部的一次大暴雨过程进行了数值模拟和诊断分析.结果表明副热带高压的加强西伸,低层大量暖湿气流输送和中高层冷空气交汇,是造成此次降水的主要原因.分析数值模拟结果发现WRF模式能很好地模拟降水区域、降水中心和降水强度.暴雨期间,低层辐合、高层辐散的耦合结构和整层强上升运动以及正涡度的变化均与暴雨中的垂直螺旋度分布特征紧密联系,与暴雨大值时段对应.垂直螺旋度随时间的变化与强降水发生的时间和强度具有明显的相关关系.     

上海"0185"热带低压特大暴雨维持机理研究

发生在上海地区的2001年8月5～6日热带低压特大暴雨过程(简称"0185"过程)是一次高影响性、灾害性天气.对于此次事件的预报失败,凸现了该过程的动力复杂性,并引起台风研究学者的高度关注.采取天气学诊断、动力学分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,综合应用日本20 km高分辨率RSMRANAL再分析资料、卫星云图资料和中尺度数值模拟产品对于暴雨动力学机理进行了研究.结果表明:引起上海"0185"特大暴雨过程并不是热带低压本体降水;"0185"过程的独特之处在于,在夏季强大的西北太平洋副高控制区域,同样可以维持强盛的中尺度低涡环流中心;而上述两点恰恰是导致预报人员误判并导致预报失败的两个重要原因."0185"过程中北方冷涡南压和热带暖心低压北上产生的强烈冲击导致高压带断裂或减弱,使得中尺度低压环流中心得以发展和维持.冷槽南压和热带暖心低压北上所激发的中尺度对流辐合体(MCC)在卫星云图上清晰可辨.在此分析基础上,引入第二类热成风螺旋度,它能很好地反映温度场水平分布不均匀所导致的水平环境风场垂直切变,而此垂直切变与低涡系统经向移动风矢所构成的水平螺旋度,进一步和上升对流通过涡管倾斜作用相纽结,表征了导致特大暴雨强盛涡旋上升对流的维持机理.事实上,第二类热成风螺旋度确能较好地反映降水落区和降水随时间的演变.     

地形重力波拖曳在一次阴山南部暴雨中的影响分析

利用NCEP FNL全球分析资料、自动气象站资料,从动力条件、热力条件、水汽条件等方面对2013年6月30日-7月1日内蒙古阴山南部地区暴雨过程进行诊断分析,通过WRF3.3.1模式对本次暴雨天气过程的数值模拟试验,来探讨地形诱发的重力波拖曳(OGWD)效应对降雨的作用.试验结果表明:地形重力波拖曳效应使得地形降水没有随重力波的传播而向北发展,而是在阴山南部停滞,导致了此次阴山南部的强降水过程.引入OGWD参数化方案后,WRF3.3.1模式在降水落区、暴雨中心位置及强度方面的模拟能力都有了很大程度的改善,模拟结果与实况更为接近.     

WRF3.0参数化敏感性及集合预报试验

为了研究WRF模式中的参数化方案对暴雨数值模拟的影响及物理过程集合预报在WRF降水集合预报中的适用性,利用中尺度WRF3.0数值模式,将模式中的物理过程参数化方案进行组合,构造了20个集合预报成员,对2003年7月8、9日发生在江淮地区的一次降水过程进行了集合预报试验。得到:集合成员之间存在一定的不确定性,不确定性随降水量级增大而增大,最终维持在一个较高的水平;通过定量比较发现,对于0.1 mm量级降水和25 mm以上量级降水,积云对流参数化方案对降水的影响要大于行星边界层方案对降水的影响;而对于10 mm量级降水,行星边界层方案对降水的影响要大于积云参数化方案对降水的影响。对20个预报成员进行了集合平均及降水概率预报试验,结果表明,集合平均的结果要比各个成员的稳定、可靠;概率预报能够提供一些有利于降水预报的信息。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.