铜尾矿区土壤重金属污染与生态风险评价研究

通过对铜陵市杨山冲尾矿库及周边农田土壤实地采集的52个样品,利用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地质累积指数法、潜在生态风险指数法对研究区土壤污染现状以及潜在风险进行研究评价.应用相关性分析和主成分分析,揭示研究区土壤重金属污染主要来源.研究结果表明,研究区土壤元素As、Pb、Cu、Ni、Zn均超过土壤背景值,存在一定程度富集;尾矿库土壤污染程度要较农田土壤更严重,土壤As、Ni和Pb元素为主要污染因子.潜在生态风险结果表明,尾矿库土壤呈中度风险,周边农田土壤呈轻度风险;元素As、Pb、Cr、Ni主要来源于人为活动,元素Cu、Zn受人为和自然因素的共同影响.     

昌化铅锌矿尾矿库区土壤重金属污染综合评价及重金属在自然生植物中的富集比较

在昌化铅锌矿尾矿库区内采集优势自然生植物及其根系周边的土壤,分析土壤样品重金属含量特征,运用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤进行重金属污染评价,并通过富集系数评价自然生植物对重金属的富集能力。研究结果表明:(1)尾矿库区内四种重金属的污染程度由强到弱依次为:CdPbZnCu;(2)昌化铅锌矿尾矿库区整体处于极强生态危害水平;(3)尾矿库区内的不同种自然生植物对同一种重金属的富集能力不同,同一种植物对不同种重金属的富集能力不同;(4)仙人掌是尾矿库区内富集系数最高、最稳定的自然生植物。研究结果对昌化铅锌矿尾矿库区土壤重金属污染的治理有参考意义。     

抚顺红透山铜矿区土壤质量评价

通过对红透山铜矿区内排土场、尾矿库以及周边地区的土壤进行调查取样,应用模糊数学方法建立模糊综合评价模型对土壤重金属污染和土壤营养状况进行分析研究,为以后的污染治理和土地复垦提供依据,进而有针对性地全面开展生态修复工作.模糊综合评价结果表明:排土场、尾矿库土壤中的重金属重度污染,周边土壤中重金属中度污染.排土场最缺乏全钾和有机质,土地复垦时考虑客土并注意施加钾肥;尾矿库最缺乏的土壤营养元素为速效氮,土地复垦时应着重考虑施加氮肥或者种植固氮植物.     

宿州市煤矿区农田土壤重金属污染及生态风险评价

为揭示矿区周边土壤中重金属元素的污染特征,采用金属污染指数法(MPI)、污染负荷指数法(PLI)和Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法,对宿州市4矿区周边农田土壤中Zn、Cr、Cd、Pb、Cu、As和Hg等7种重金属元素进行测试分析,研究了宿州市矿区周边土壤重金属污染程度及潜在的生态危害性.结果表明:1)7种重金属元素平均含量均高于非矿区土壤环境背景值,尤其Cr含量达到非矿区土壤背景值的2-4.17倍,Cd含量达到非矿区土壤背景值的1-3.05倍;矿区重金属综合污染程度范围为8.682-19.108,在100 m距离处属于强污染,其他距离处均属于中等污染.2)矿区土壤重金属污染指数变化范围在9.811-18.768之间,各样品的重金属污染指数均高于非矿区土壤环境背景值的污染指数,土壤重金属具有一定的富集效应;土壤综合污染负荷指数为1.699,为中等污染.3)除Cd和Hg外,重金属潜在生态风险系数均属于轻度风险危害,Cd和Hg在宿州市矿区农田土壤生态污染中的贡献率较高.矿区农田土壤潜在生态风险指数RI范围在125.51-365.49,4个矿区平均值均属于中等污染水平,其中桃园矿污染最为严重.     

尾矿库废水酸化与重金属污染规律研究

通过分析某黄铁铅锌矿尾矿库14年的废水监测数据，研究了高酸、高碱环境对尾矿硫化物重金属溶出的影响，绘制了尾矿库废水pH值与重金属离子浓度的关系曲线，建立了pH值与重金属污染的数学模型，揭示了废水酸化与重金属污染的内在机制，提出了密闭覆盖尾矿库以隔绝硫化物与H2O、O2反应产生及在尾矿浆中添加碱性物质以中和[H^ ]、切断重金属离子溶出反应链等根治尾矿库废水酸化与重金属污染的控制技术。     

城市表层土壤重金属污染分析优化模型

为了分析城市表层土壤重金属污染问题,根据大量空间距离数据和重金属元素含量数据,应用克里格插值法,绘制了重金属元素的空间分布图并建立了空间分布模型.同时,建立了评价城市表层重金属污染程度的数学模型,用内梅罗综合指数法和单项污染指数法评价了五类地区的污染程度,并找到重金属污染的主要原因是工业区的相关生产活动.最后,通过对重金属污染物在传播过程中主要特征的分析,建立了重金属污染物在土壤中的对流-弥散-吸附方程模型.     

铜陵林冲尾矿库复垦土壤的重金属污染评价

在对铜陵林冲尾矿库复垦土壤中重金属 (Cu、Pb、Zn、As)含量的分析测定的基础上 ,对该复垦土壤进行了重金属环境质量现状值的检验和计算。同时采用单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法对其进行了评价 ,结果表明铜陵林冲尾矿库复垦土壤不同程度地受到 Cu、Zn、As的污染 ,其中 Cu与 As的污染尤其严重 ,进而指出在此尾矿库复垦土壤中种植作物的生长及食用安全可能受重金属污染的直接影响 ,从而对附近居民的身体健康构成潜在的威胁     

指数平滑参数与初值的选取研究

实际应用指数平滑法时，由于主要靠经验选取平滑参数与初值，预测结果往往不合理．通过对传统预测模型的分析，提出了扩大平滑参数选取区间以及初值选取模型化的思路，得到了可以克服预测滞后的平滑参数选取区间，获取了以所有历史数据按指数平滑规律加权后的初值．并用该优化方法检验了ERP项目实施中的生产经营目标预测值，取得了满意的效果．     

基于交叉验证的平滑系数确定研究

指数平滑预测法关键在于平滑系数确定,提出一种基于交叉验证的平滑系数确定办法,将简单交叉验证与n重交叉验证结合确定平滑系数,并应用确定的系数,对全国城镇居民平均收入进行指数平滑预测,取得较好的预测效果.     

基于标准差因子赋权法的农田土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价

利用标准差因子赋权法改进传统的潜在生态风险评价模型,并对福州市工业园区周边农田土壤中8个代表性采样点中Zn、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu5种重金属污染的潜在生态风险评价进行实证研究.结果表明,传统法和改进后的模型对该地区土壤重金属综合危害程度的评价均为中等水平,但应用改进法计算的潜在生态危害指数值较传统法均有不同程度的增加,其中5个点位危害程度的等级提高1个级别.因此,标准差因子赋权法改进的潜在生态风险模型对土壤重金属污染的评价精度更高,结果更客观.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.