我国港口铁矿石物流发展模式及优化建议

目前,90％以上的铁矿石国际贸易集中于海运贸易,而中国是世界上最大的铁矿石买家,60％以上都需要从国外进口,港口成为铁矿石进口的重要节点,因此,港口铁矿石物流链的建设对降低铁矿石运输的成本至关重要,而运用物联网技术提高服务质量是港口铁矿石物流未来发展的方向.文章简要总结了港口铁矿石物流的几种模式,分析了当前港口铁矿石物流发展存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策和建议.     

国家安全视角港口基础设施保障能力评价

港口(本文中的港口均指沿海民用港口)作为连接陆与海战略通道的重要节点,在国家安全面临威胁时极可能被征用,其集疏能力与保障的时效性关乎国家安全军事行动的进程乃至成败.本研究定位于沿海港口应对领土与主权纠纷等特殊时期、特殊任务需求的运输保障能力评价.针对该领域缺少定量研究及需求分析的现状,笔者通过"需求与供给"的定量对比分析,从而明确国家安全视角的港口基础设施保障能力,综合特殊时期的任务需求、特殊的运输品类,以及对港口基础设施的特殊要求,设定了"供给-需求"双侧指标评价体系,确定了港口特殊评价内容,选定了评价指标,建立了"供给-需求"双侧指标评价模型,并以沿海4个区域港口作为案例开展实证研究,计算得到了各区域港口的大规模兵力投送能力指数、军民综合运输保障能力指数及疏港交通能力指数.通过比较分析,一方面验证了方法的有效可用性,另一方面确定了各区域港口基于国家安全的运输保障能力的短板.针对短板制定了相应的改进方案,局部改进后,北部区大规模兵力投送能力指数从0.444提升到了0.747;南部区该指数从0.368提升到了0.776,二者的军民综合运输保障能力指数调整后可接近最大值1.000,该方案的提出为下一步港口基于国家安全的规划建设提供决策依据.     

中国海上石油进口的安全风险及对策

我国作为最大的石油净进口国面临着巨大的能源缺口,过分依赖海运的进口方式以及途经地区复杂的地缘环境使得我国海上石油进口面临重重风险.本文通过分析2007年～2016年石油进口状况以及我国主要途径的各大石油运输节点数据,构建海上石油进口安全评价体系,从运输节点安全、来源地安全以及运输能力这三方面评估我国当前海上石油进口安全风险,可以看出我国海上石油进口面临着主要运输节点地缘环境严峻、来源地单一集中、国运与储备能力弱等问题.我国应该积极拓展稳定的海外石油新来源以及新航线,改善过于依赖海运的进口方式,修建或增加管道容量,削减沿途地区复杂地缘局势带来的负面影响,建立强大深蓝海军和海外基地保护海外航线畅通以及油轮在大洋自由航行,加强储备能力应对突发事件发生,从而提高我国进口石油安全性,保障社会经济平稳发展.     

福建省海洋运输学科发展研究报告

深入分析福建省海洋运输学科发展现状及海洋运输需求,预测海洋运输发展趋势,阐述了福建省海洋运输学科的发展思路和目标,提出了如下发展对策：政府扶持,给福建航运业创造良好的发展环境;以项目带发展,走合作、规模发展的道路;做大海西三大港口,促进海运规模发展;进一步拓展闽台“三通”先试功能;优化港口陆路集疏运体系,建设内陆“无水港”;以市场需求为导向,加强人才培养。     

浅析秦皇岛港安全生产管理工作

秦皇岛港是我国北煤南运的枢纽港,年输出煤炭占全国煤炭输出总量的?50%?以上,在巩固煤炭运输基础上,正在下大力气发展矿石、集装箱等主要业务,逐步拓展海运煤炭交易市场、电子商务等其他产业,打造国际化港口品牌。但港口安全形势却不容乐观,今年来发生多起安全生产事故。文章从安全生产事故案例入手,对事故案例进行分析并做出对策和措施。     

进口原木运输的工艺技术

研究了进口原木运输工艺及其工程设备。将传统的港口码头陆上木材中转作业改在港口水上贮木工程中进行，加快原木卸船，提高港口吞吐能力。解决了进口原木运输工艺的技术瓶颈问题。     

基于复杂网络的全球海运网络鲁棒性研究

为研究全球集装箱海运网络鲁棒性,了解全球集装箱海运网络抗干扰能力,根据2015年全球最新10大集装箱班轮运输公司中的7家公司的航运数据构建了全球集装箱海运网络。运用复杂网络理论和方法测算其拓扑结构特征,设计随机干扰和蓄意攻击两种仿真系统,从连通鲁棒性和功能鲁棒性两个角度展开研究。仿真实验结果表明:全球集装箱海运网络针对随机干扰具有较强的鲁棒性,而在蓄意攻击下鲁棒性较差;不同港口对网络鲁棒性的影响差异较大,通过仿真分析分别得到了对全球集装箱海运网络连通鲁棒性和功能鲁棒性影响最大的10个港口,这些港口大多是亚洲港口,其中上海洋山港对全球海运网络连通鲁棒性和功能鲁棒性都具有较大的影响。研究结果可为全球集装箱海运网络重要港口的保护提供参考。     

中国LNG进口海上运输通道安全评价

建立安全评价指标体系,运用投影寻踪方法构建安全评价模型,通过基于实数编码的遗传算法求解,得到最优的投影方向及综合投影结果.评价结果表明,澳大利亚—大鹏及澳大利亚—唐山通道安全状况较好,其次为马来西亚—洋山、澳大利亚—珠海、澳大利亚—大连,而卡塔尔—如东、卡塔尔—天津、也门—洋山通道进口LNG海上运输的安全性较差.评价结果与现状相符,这为相关部门制订我国LNG进口海上运输安全保障措施提供了科学依据.     

全球集装箱海运航线网络关键港口识别

针对关键港口识别方法相对孤立、测度指标相对单一的现状,基于复杂网络理论,以海运航线网络中港口度、港口介数、接近度、集聚因数和港口流量为指标,运用主成分分析法,得出了海运航线网络中港口的综合排名。以排名比较靠前的港口为关键港口,并运用相关性分析对港口的综合排名进行验证。验证结果表明:关键港口的分布受腹地位置影响,在数量上,亚洲和欧洲居于主导地位,新加坡港口以绝对优势居于综合排名的首位,中国的上海港口和香港港口分别进入了前10位。     

海上货物成组运输的可能性及其应用

在目前世界各国的运输组织中,普遍地推广着某些种货物的成组运输。单就挪威一国而言,其沿海与相隣各国港口间的贷物成组运输,在一九五五年一年所使用之万能货板即达十四万块。货物成组运输问题在我国海运组织部门也已经获得应有的重视,个别港口亦有应用成组办法进行装卸以加速装卸工作之进行。在去年年底中央交通部所召集的水上运输技术改造会议上,亦曾对在海河运输上发展集装箱的问题作了讨论。然而,     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.