镍钴基高温合金的氧化动力学与界面结合性能

采用XRD,SEM和静态增重法等研究镍钴基GH783高温合金的氧化行为和氧化过程动力学,并通过纳米划痕试验对膜基结合性能进行表征。研究结果表明:合金在500～700℃没有生成氧化膜,在800℃时开始生成由Fe2O3和少量Fe3O4组成的氧化层,900℃时生成的氧化膜中Fe3O4含量增多;合金在800℃氧化100 h后,合金表面生成致密的Fe2O3-Fe3O4复合物氧化膜,膜厚约为15μm;合金的氧化动力学曲线符合抛物线规律,抛物线速度常数为3.44×10-5mg2/(cm4·h);随着氧化时间增长,氧化膜与基体的界面结合性能愈趋良好,于800℃氧化100 h后膜基结合力达8.92 N。     

表面粗糙度对Ni-20Cr合金高温氧化行为的影响

表面粗糙度作为重要的参数,对合金高温氧化膜剥落有重要影响.为此,研究表面粗糙度对Ni-20Cr合金氧化20 h内的氧化动力学及氧化膜剥落行为的影响.通过热重法绘制动力学曲线,可以看出2.5 μm砂纸磨痕的合金氧化速率明显低于90 μm砂纸磨痕的氧化速率.利用扫描电镜观察氧化膜表面形貌,显示粒状的氧化物在2.5 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面生成,而刻面状的氧化物在90 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面形成.XRD分析表面,在2.5 μm砂纸磨痕合金表面生成的氧化物为Cr2O3,在90 μm砂纸磨痕表面形成的氧化物为NiO.结果表明：平滑的Ni-20Cr合金表面有利于生成保护性的Cr2O3而不发生脱落,具有优良的抗氧化性能.     

轻质化MA/ODS镍基高温合金高温氧化行为

采用机械合金化(MA)和真空烧结工艺制备了Y2O3质量分数为2%～20%的氧化物弥散强化(ODS)镍基高温合金,在1 000℃空气中对合金试样进行100h的静态氧化实验,研究了Y2O3含量对合金高温氧化性能的影响与作用机制.结果表明:适量稀土氧化物Y2O3的加入(质量分数≤5%)可促进完整Cr2O3氧化膜的形成,提高氧化膜与合金基体的附着力,改善氧化膜的抗剥落性,减缓合金在1 000℃的氧化速度,从而有效提高合金的抗高温氧化性能.但过量添加则会使其抗氧化性能迅速下降.     

CrN/Cr涂层对Ti22Al26Nb合金的高温防护研究

采用电弧离子镀技术在O相Ti22Al26Nb合金表面镀覆CrN以及CrN/Cr涂层并研究了其在800和900℃空气中的等温氧化行为,结果显示O相钛合金表面施加单一的CrN涂层后,涂层表面在氧化时形成了保护性的氧化膜Cr2O3层,因此合金受到了良好的高温防护,但是涂层和基体合金之间发生了明显的互扩散;在CrN涂层和钛合金基体之间施加纯Cr扩散障层后形成的CrN/Cr涂层,其表面除了象单一CrN涂层那样氧化后形成了一层连续、致密、结合良好的保护性氧化膜Cr2O3层外,还能有效的抑制涂层与基体合金之间的互扩散,此外扩散障Cr层的存在使得靠近其基体的晶粒也出现了长大现象。     

喷丸与ZrO_2/Al_2O_3叠层对Cr_5Mo合金高温氧化性能的影响

采用喷丸处理及溶胶 凝胶工艺涂覆ZrO2/Al2O3叠层对Cr5Mo合金进行了表面处理,研究了不同处理的合金试样在600℃空气中的高温氧化性能。从SEM,XRD及氧化动力学分析结果发现,喷丸处理不能使Cr5Mo合金表面形成保护性的氧化铬膜,反而促进了Cr5Mo合金的高温氧化,其氧化增重与氧化剥落速率最高;ZrO2/Al2O3叠层通过稀土效应改变了氧化膜的生长机制,降低了氧化铬膜的生长速率,促进了合金表面铬的选择氧化,起到了优异的保护作用,大大提高了合金的抗高温氧化性能。     

钴基高温合金GH5605的恒温氧化行为研究

通过采用现代分析手段OM、XRD及SEM/EDX,研究了钴基高温合金GH5605的高温静态空气氧化行为。得到了该合金的氧化动力学曲线、氧化膜形貌及其相组成,评价了合金的抗氧化性能并分析了合金氧化机理。结果表明:钴基高温合金GH5605在750~950℃时氧化动力学遵循抛物线规律,生成的氧化膜以Cr203为主,无氧化膜剥落;合金氧化过程中无内氧化现象发生;该合金可满足1 100℃以下高温使用要求。     

渗铝涂层对耐热钢T91的高温防护研究

采用粉末包埋法在耐热钢T91表面制备渗铝涂层,并研究了其在800和850℃空气中的等温氧化行为,结果显示,耐热钢T91合金和渗铝涂层在这2种温度下的氧化动力学均近似服从抛物线规律,T91无论在800和850℃空气中的等温氧化时其表面均生成了具有尖晶石结构的不具有保护性的FeCr混合氧化物层;当合金表面采用粉末包埋法渗铝后能显著降低在这2种温度下的氧化增重,原因是高温氧化后在涂层表面生成了一层连续、致密、与涂层结合良好的保护性氧化膜Al2O3,因而对基体合金起到了良好的防护作用。     

溶胶-凝胶技术提高不锈钢抗高温氧化及铝合金阳极氧化膜的耐蚀性能

采用溶胶--凝胶法在不锈钢基体表面制备ZrO2和Al2O3涂层,并对铝合金阳极氧化膜进行封孔处理.采用高温循环氧化法研究ZrO2和Al2O3涂层抗高温氧化性能,通过电化学阻抗谱和剥蚀法分析溶胶--凝胶法封孔后铝合金氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:ZrO2和Al2O3涂层的抗高温氧化性能随涂层厚度增加而提高;铝合金阳极氧化膜的耐腐蚀性能也随封孔次数的增加而提高,但当封孔处理超过8次后,阻抗值和腐蚀程度基本不随封孔次数发生变化;实施相同次数封孔处理后,Al2O3溶胶的封孔效果略优于ZrO2溶胶的封孔效果.     

Y含量对Ni-20 Cr合金高温抗氧化性能的影响

为了揭示稀土元素Y对Ni-20Cr合金高温抗氧性能的影响,利用非自耗真空电弧炉熔炼4种不同Y含量的Ni-20Cr合金,并对合金进行循环氧化实验。采用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜等对获得的合金氧化膜进行观察分析。结果表明,Y能提高Ni-20Cr合金的高温抗氧化性能,并且温度越高,作用越明显;添加0.6%Y的Ni-20Cr合金的高温抗氧化性能提升最为明显;添加Y有利于合金选择性氧化膜Cr2 O3的生成,提高氧化膜同基体金属的附着力,降低氧化速率,从而提高合金的高温抗氧化性能。     

表面涂敷氧化铈对铬900℃氧化机理的影响

对铬及其表面涂敷氧化铈样品在900℃空气中的恒温氧化和循环氧化行为进行了研究.用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和高分辨电镜(HREM)对氧化膜微观形貌及结构进行了观测;并用声发射技术(AE)对铬表面氧化膜的开裂与剥落进行了实时监测,通过相应的氧化膜破裂模型对采集到的AE信号在时域和数域上的分布进行了分析;此外,还用激光拉曼谱对两种样品表面氧化膜的内应力进行了测试.结果表明:表面涂敷氧化铈显著改善了铬的抗恒温氧化及抗循环氧化性能;表面涂敷CeO2提高铬抗氧化性能的原因主要在于CeO2降低了Cr2O3氧化膜的生长速度和晶粒尺寸,这种细晶Cr2O3氧化膜有更好的高温塑性,可以通过高温蠕变的方式释放掉部分膜内压应力,因而具有明显的褶皱特征和较低的压应力水平;此外,涂敷CeO2减少了氧化膜/基体界面缺陷的数量和大小,从而显著提高了Cr2O3氧化膜在基体铬上的粘附性.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.