基于相关维数的磁刺激穴位脑功能网络构建与分析

针灸经临床实践已证明其疗效,然而其作用机制仍不清楚,磁刺激穴位为研究针灸理论提供了一种新的方法.本研究采集安静状态和磁刺激内关穴(PC6)状态的脑电(EEG)信号,基于非线性动力学特征(相关维数)和互信息方法构建脑功能网络,基于复杂网络理论对所构建脑功能网络进行分析,对比分析了安静和磁刺激两种状态下的脑功能网络的拓扑性质.实验结果表明,基于磁刺激内关穴构建的脑功能网络与安静状态相比,其拓扑结构发生了改变,网络连接增强,信息传输效率提高,并且"小世界"属性增强.     

基于样本熵的磁刺激穴位加权脑功能网络研究

脑功能网络的构建与分析可帮助探究大脑工作机制。本研究旨在构建并分析磁刺激内关穴脑功能网络,为探索针灸学作用机理提供理论依据。目前,为简化网络计算的复杂性,很多相关研究集中于二值脑功能网络,忽略了节点间连接强度。本研究采集磁刺激内关穴前、中、后3种状态的脑电信号并基于样本熵和互信息方法构建3种状态下反映节点间真实连接程度的加权脑功能网络;利用复杂网络理论对3种状态下加权脑功能网络拓扑性质进行对比性分析。实验结果表明,刺激状态与刺激前状态相比,网络的平均度、平均聚类系数、全局效率均有提高;刺激状态与刺激后状态相比,网络的平均度、平均聚类系数、全局效率整体也呈增强趋势;刺激后状态与刺激前状态相比,除少数被试的网络拓扑特征基本保持不变或小幅度减少外,其余均呈增长趋势,且增长程度不同,考虑与刺激的累积效应和个体差异有关。研究结果表明,磁刺激内关穴使网络各通道间连接强度提高,集群化程度加强,信息传递效率提高。     

基于格兰杰因果关系的磁刺激内关穴脑功能网络的研究

磁刺激具有有效、无痛、无损伤、易于重复和操作简便等显著的优点,在中枢神经功能检测和神经功能恢复等方面具有广泛的应用价值.穴位是中医针灸调控神经系统由体表刺激到体内的切入点,对研究大脑调控机制和疾病的治疗有重要意义.本研究利用格兰杰因果关系构建基于磁刺激内关穴（PC6）的脑电（EEG）信号的脑功能网络,探究大脑的因果关系变化规律,并对比分析了安静和磁刺激两种状态下的脑功能网络的拓扑性质.研究表明,磁刺激内关穴前整个大脑系统的信息流向是平衡的,而磁刺激内关穴后额叶区的格兰杰因果关系的强度增加,且信息流向主要由额叶流向枕叶.顶叶区C4介数中心性强度显著提高.网络的传输效率提高,网络的"小世界"属性增强.     

基于脑电的磁刺激神门穴脑功能网络研究

研究磁刺激神门穴状态下与静息状态下9名健康被试的脑电信号样本,分别构建两种状态下的脑功能网络,并对不同的网络测度进行分析.首次从复杂网络角度探索神门穴的治病机理,期望为穴位磁刺激疗法提供实验参考.分析结果表明磁刺激神门穴时脑电信号之间的关联系数值相比静息状态下降低,平均聚类系数、平均最短特征路径长度以及平均度在阈值区间均发生显著变化,小世界属性指标增强,并存在显著性差异(P<0.01).磁刺激神门穴状态下各节点通道间的紧密程度降低、连接情况较为松散、网络中各节点同步能力减弱、效率降低、网络规模减小,这时的大脑很可能处于一种比较镇静的状态而有利于睡眠的产生.     

基于有向网络的人物信息诱发脑电信号特征

基于熟人和陌生人的视听觉信息,通过记录对应的脑电信号,对大脑在熟人和陌生人信息刺激下的认知机制展开研究.首先,通过记录被试在视听刺激下的脑电信号,得到对应不同刺激下的事件相关脑电位.通过计算不同导联间的相位传递熵构建有向功能网络,最后对重点网络参数进行分析.结果表明,相比陌生人信息诱发的有向网络,熟人信息诱发网络中关键节点的作用加强,网络聚集能力增强;熟人信息诱发网络的连接更加趋向于全脑化,不同脑区间的信息交换加强,整个网络结构更有利于完成对熟人信息的识别.     

经颅磁刺激电磁场分析系统设计

为了对经颅磁刺激下大脑内部磁场分布和变化规律进行准确分析,并对刺激线圈进行个性化设计,设计了经颅磁刺激电磁场分析系统.利用有限元方法,建立真实头模型,对线圈产生的脉冲磁场整个过程做全面的电路磁场混合分析,仿真不同线圈参数在脑内产生的效果.同时,根据临床磁刺激需要,结合数据库技术对磁刺激线圈参数进行自动优化选择.实验表明,该系统分析准确,为实际刺激线圈的制作和临床刺激强度的选择提供了依据.     

基于复杂网络的磁刺激穴位特异性研究

关于穴位特异性的存在目前尚存争议.首次从复杂网络角度,研究磁刺激合谷穴与磁刺激外关穴作用功效的异同.采集两组健康被试静息态与刺激态下的脑电信号并进行预处理;采用皮尔逊统计指标相关系数考察通道间的关联程度,并对每组10个被试静息态与刺激态近18 000对关联强度值进行统计学分析;计算网络指标节点强度值、介数值,并进行统计学分析.研究结果发现,与合谷穴组相比,外关穴组显著影响的连接不仅包括左额叶与顶叶及枕叶的连接,还包括右额叶与左中央区的连接;网络指标在不同穴位刺激下的变化存有显著差异.本文在证实磁刺激穴位能够改变皮质可塑性的同时,也为进一步证明穴位特异性的存在提供了理论依据.     

闪光刺激前后脑电信号的时频多分辨分析

目的:用基于傅立叶变换的时频多分辨分析方法,分别获取脑电信号的4种特征波来研究脑电信号在闪光刺激前后的功率变化.方法:自愿受试者10名,分别对闪光刺激前和闪光刺激后两种状态下的脑电信号进行时频多分辨分析.结果:采用此方法能获得闪光刺激前后脑电信号各成分的频域谱分布,以及功率、带宽等定量信息.结论:本文所采用的基于傅立叶变换的时频多分辨分析可方便用于脑电信号时、频域信息提取,易于获取各个选择频段的信息,特别适宜用于研究与刺激有关的高级神经系统的活动,为视觉生理和临床研究提供了新的方法.     

基于Matlab GUI的脑网络仿真平台构建与分析

为了便于科学研究和医学诊断,搭建一个脑网络研究的基础平台,直观、友好的展示脑网络的研究是极其必要的.利用Matlab GUI的特点实现平台主框架的搭建,并结合实际给出了磁刺激足三里穴的脑电信号在该平台中的网络构建、分析和显示,结果表明基于Matlab GUI搭建的平台,除了具备界面友好特点外,还能够方便的进行脑电数据的处理以及分析,为脑网络的进一步研究发展提供了良好的条件.     

颅内压增高皮层脑电的复杂度分析

为研究颅内压增高对脑功能的影响,以家兔为实验对象建立侧脑室灌注加压的单纯颅高压模型.采集皮层脑电信号并同步记录颅内压(ICP)、心电、呼吸、动脉血压等信号,采用迟滞粗粒化方法和Lempel-Ziv算法计算脑电信号的复杂度,分析不同ICP状态下脑电信号的非线性变化特征.发现以灌注加压前基础ICP时的状态为对照,ICP为2,4倍基础值时的脑电信号复杂度显著降低(P＜0.01);ICP越高,复杂度越低;ICP恢复正常后,脑电复杂度有恢复趋势.研究结果表明,脑电信号的复杂度可用于检测由于ICP增高引起的脑损伤并有可能对其损伤程度进行定量评估.     

小脑经颅直流电刺激技术提升运动表现的应用

小脑是脑皮层下的一个重要运动调节中枢,它与大脑不同皮层区域在解剖和功能上紧密连接,配合大脑皮层完成机体的运动功能和运动学习。经颅直流电刺激(transcranial direct current stimulation, tDCS)是一种非侵入性的脑刺激技术,通过电极将微弱的电流作用于小脑能有效地提升皮层脊髓兴奋性和调控小脑与大脑皮层间的功能连接。本文系统梳理近20年国内外关于tDCS刺激小脑对提升人类运动表现影响的相关文献,研究结果表明tDCS刺激小脑可以改善人体的运动表现,如姿势控制、运动适应与运动学习、肌肉力量表现等。然而,tDCS刺激小脑的生理机制和刺激强度、刺激时间、刺激时间间隔等参数的选择有待进一步研究。未来的体育科学研究中,如何将tDCS刺激小脑的技术应用于运动训练,帮助运动员突破现有的运动能力仍有待深入探究。     

Detection of dynamic brain networks modulated by acupuncture using a graph theory model

Neuroimaging studies involving acute acupuncture manipulation have already demonstrated significant modulatory effects on wide limbic/paralimbic nuclei, subcortical gray structures and the neocortical system of the brain. Due to the sustained effect of acupuncture, however, knowledge on the organization of such large-scale cortical networks behind the active needle stimulation phase is lacking. In this study, we originally adopted a network model analysis from graph theory to evaluate the functional connectivity among multiple brain regions during the post-stimulus phase. Evidence from our findings clearly supported the existence of a large organized functional connectivity network related to acupuncture function in the resting brain. More importantly, acupuncture can change such a network into a functional state underlying both pain perception and modulation, which is exhibited by significant changes in the functional connectivity of some brain regions. This analysis may help us to better understand the long-lasting effects of acupuncture on brain function, as well as the potential benefits of clinical treatments.     

The relative metabolic demand of inhibition and excitation

By using the (14C)2-deoxyglucose method, inhibition has been shown to be a metabolically active process at the level of the synapse. This is supported by recent results from magnetic resonance spectroscopy that related the changes in neuroenergetics occurring with functional activation to neurotransmitter cycling. However, inhibitory synapses are less numerous and strategically better located than excitatory synapses, indicating that inhibition may be more efficient, and therefore less energy-consuming, than excitation. Here we test this hypothesis using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging in volunteers whose motor cortex was inhibited during the no-go condition of a go/no-go task, as demonstrated by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Unlike excitation, inhibition evoked no measurable change in the blood-oxygenation-level-dependent signal in the motor cortex, indicating that inhibition is less metabolically demanding. Therefore, the 'activation' seen in functional imaging studies probably results from excitation rather than inhibition.     

Bold claims for optogenetics

In a recent Letter to Nature, Lee and colleagues combined optogenetic stimulation with functional magnetic resonance imaging (ofMRI) to examine the relationship between pyramidal-cell spiking and the blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal. To do so, they injected an adeno-associated viral vector into the primary motor cortex (M1) of adult rats to drive the expression of channelrhodopsin (ChR2) in cortical projection neurons, thus making them sensitive to light. The authors then used combined light stimulation and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to examine the effects of selective activation of the light-sensitive pyramidal cells on the BOLD signal, as well as to probe the value of this methodology for mapping brain connectivity. They found that excitation of these neurons induced positive BOLD signals both in the injected M1 region and in remote target thalamic nuclei receiving direct projections from that region, and concluded that ofMRI reliably links positive BOLD signals with increased local neuronal excitation. However, their analysis neglects the almost immediate activation of other circuits that could lead to the generation of BOLD signals through local perisynaptic rather than spiking activity. Their experiments therefore do not pin down the identity of the specific neuronal signals that give rise to the BOLD signal.     

脑整体工作机理探究

本文在现代脑研究资料基础上,主要从脑的解剖、病理、电生理和生化角度,探讨了脑整体工作机理。其中认为;脑工作的基本条件是依赖脑的内源性振荡器对脑各系统连续不断的激励;信息在脑中的编码方式是由信息所产生的冲动使神经元突触建立“连接”—网路而实现;信息在脑中的存储就是这种网路的稳定,海马在此过程中起决定性作用;信息在丘脑—皮层的网路中存在着循环,并具有优势—网状结构对循环的选择、控制作用;信息在脑中被进一步处理的方式是依赖循环而实现,通过循环使脑中网路之间建立关系并创造新信息。     

基于复杂网络的三种眼睛状态下脑功能连通性比较

尝试构建不同眼睛状态下的静息态脑功能网络,研究睁眼、闭眼和自由状态下的大脑网络拓扑结构差异.招募了13例被试者,用一台3T的西门子磁共振仪,获取了3种眼睛静息状态下各8min的功能磁共振数据,并同时采集了结构像.随后,构建3组被试者的功能连通矩阵,计算其复杂网络的全局特征系数、局部特征系数等测度参数.对测度进行方差分析与双样本t检验,以统计分析被试者之间的差异.我们发现,所有的状态在合适的稀疏度下,展现了小世界特性;相比于其他状态,闭眼状态下的全局效率较低.自由状态在复杂网络的各项测度上接近睁眼状态.综上所述,该项研究展现了睁眼、闭眼、自由状态对人脑功能连通网络的影响,并为眼睛状态如何影响功能磁共振实验提供了关键的证据.     

Human cerebellar activity reflecting an acquired internal model of a new tool

Theories of motor control postulate that the brain uses internal models of the body to control movements accurately. Internal models are neural representations of how, for instance, the arm would respond to a neural command, given its current position and velocity. Previous studies have shown that the cerebellar cortex can acquire internal models through motor learning. Because the human cerebellum is involved in higher cognitive function as well as in motor control, we propose a coherent computational theory in which the phylogenetically newer part of the cerebellum similarly acquires internal models of objects in the external world. While human subjects learned to use a new tool (a computer mouse with a novel rotational transformation), cerebellar activity was measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging. As predicted by our theory, two types of activity were observed. One was spread over wide areas of the cerebellum and was precisely proportional to the error signal that guides the acquisition of internal models during learning. The other was confined to the area near the posterior superior fissure and remained even after learning, when the error levels had been equalized, thus probably reflecting an acquired internal model of the new tool.     

基于大脑不同区域的阿尔茨海默症基因表达数据分析

提出了采用Tukey双权函数作为FastICA(Fast Independent Component Analysis)方法的非线性函数,对阿尔茨海默症(Alzheimer’s disease, AD)多个脑区域基因表达数据进行显著基因提取,揭示其基因表达调控关系.针对传统聚类方法基于全局聚类且只能将某个基因聚类到某一类的缺陷,改进的FastICA方法能够对基因表达数据进行快速有效的双向聚类,能够满足同一个基因可能参与不同信号传导通路的生物特性.同时考虑到人脑中海马区、内嗅皮质区、颞中回及视觉皮层区均与学习与记忆功能密切相关,将算法对多个脑区域进行基因表达调控综合分析.结果表明,大量炎症反应是AD致病的重要因素之一.