微波辐射相转移催化合成肉桂酸苄酯

采用微波辐射技术结合相转移催化,以肉桂酸和氯化苄为原料在水—氢氧化钾体系中,合成了肉桂酸苄酯。最佳条件为:肉桂酸15.0g,氢氧化钾6.0g,氯化苄16.4mL,PEG-4001.2mL时,微波加热功率400W,反应时间60min,酯收率达90.3%。     

微波辐射下肉桂酸苄酯的相转移催化合成研究

以肉桂酸钠和氯化苄为原料 ,二乙胺作催化剂 ,采用微波辐射技术 ,在常压下直接合成了肉桂酸苄酯 .讨论了催化剂用量、微波辐射功率和辐射时间对酯产率的影响 .实验结果表明 ,最适宜的反应条件为 :当n肉桂酸钠∶n氯化苄 =1∶3 4时 ,二乙胺的用量 1 0mL ,微波功率 4 5 0W ,辐射 12min ,产率达 85 3%以上 .     

微波辐射相转移催化合成水杨酸正丁酯

在四丁基溴化铵催化下,采用微波常压法由水杨酸钠和溴代正丁烷发生亲核取代反应合成水杨酸正丁酯.结果表明:当n(水杨酸钠)∶n(溴代正丁烷)∶n(四丁基溴化铵) =1∶3∶0. 3时 ,采用 280W微波辐射 40min,水杨酸正丁酯的产率可达 96. 8%,反应速度远快于常规加热速度.     

对羟基苯甲酸苄酯合成方法的改进

采用改进工艺,以正十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,水为溶剂,对羟基苯甲酸和氯化苄为主要原料,合成对羟基苯甲酸苄酯.结果表明,n(酸)∶n(氯化苄)=1 00∶1 40,催化剂用量2 3%(与酸的摩尔比),反应温度100℃,反应时间5h,产率86 48%.     

肉桂酸苄酯的合成与研究

研究了以相转移催化剂四丁基溴化铵(TBAB)、四丁基氯化铵(TBAC)、苄基三乙基氯化铵(TEBA)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTAB)和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(HTAC)合成肉桂酸苄酯的方法,考察了各种催化剂的用量和时间对反应及产品质量的影响;也可将肉桂酸制成肉桂酰氯,再与苄醇反应制得肉桂酸苄酯,讨论了物料配比和反应温度对反应的影响.     

微波辐射难溶杂多酸盐催化合成肉桂酸苄酯的研究

研究了微波辐射条件下以钨硅酸三乙醇胺盐催化合成肉桂酸苄酯的方法.实验结果表明:微波辐射功率为600W, 反应温度100℃,辐射时间为7min,n(肉桂酸)∶n(苄醇) =1.0∶4.0,催化剂用量为0.6g,酯收率大于91%.该方法有产率高,时间短,不污染环境等优点.     

相转移催化法合成肉桂酸苄酯

介绍了以肉桂酸和氯化苄为原料,利用相转移催化法催化合成肉桂酸苄酯的方法,收率达917%。     

相转移催化合成苯甲酸苄酯

本文阐述了合成苯甲酸苄酯中采用相转移催化的基本原理和方法,考察了反应时间,原料的配比和催化剂用量对苯甲酸苄酯重量产率的影响,得出在反应时间为2.5h,原料配比为1:1.2(摩尔比),每个摩尔苯甲酸钠加水100ml,催化剂用量为苯甲酸钠摩尔数的10%时,其苯甲酸苄酯产率为88.05—91.20%。     

香料乙酸苄酯合成方法的改进

研究了以氯化苄和醋酸钠为原料，采用相转移催化合成乙酸苄酯。在催化剂的合成上，采用了新的加料方式；在反应过程中，加入NaHCO3使氯化苄转化完全；在产品的处理上，采用了较为经济合理的方法，使乙酸苄酯的收率达到88％。     

相转移催化合成羧酸苄酯

以「Ｃ６Ｈ５ＣＨ２Ｎ（Ｃ２Ｈ５）３」Ｃｌ为相转移催化剂，用于羧酸钠和苄基氯之间的亲核取代反应合成了六种羧酸苄酯。研究了催化剂的用量，反应时间，搅拌速度等因素对反应结果的影响，提出了合成羧酸苄酯的最佳反应条件。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.