联合波束形成与谱减法的麦克风阵列语音增强算法

考虑到封闭环境的散射噪声场中，传统波束形成方法及单通道谱减法对噪声抑制的局限性，提出一种将波束形成方法与谱减法相结合的麦克风阵列语音增强方法．该方法首先通过波束形成器的空间滤波作用，将波达方向不同的语音信号和噪声信号加以区别，再经过延时补偿单元的相应处理，从而达到衰减噪声的目的，然后采用谱减法对波束形成器输出端的残留噪声进行后置处理．仿真实验结果表明。在小房间混响情况下，与其他方法相比，该方法不仅运算量小。而且具有良好的噪声抑制性能．     

一种基于双元麦克风线性阵的语音增强方法

针对现有单通道语音增强算法及传统波束形成算法的局限性,提出了一种基于双元麦克风线性阵的语音增强方法. 首先利用离线设计好的优化权值对输入信号进行加权求和以实现波束形成,然后结合一种新的噪声幅度谱估计方法,采用改进的幅度谱减法进一步增强语音信号. 仿真实验表明该方法简单易行并取得了较好的语音增强效果.     

基于“音乐噪声”的修正谱减法算法分析

在传统谱减法语音增强的基础上,针对不同性别带噪语音信号采用传统的谱减法后残余音乐噪声过强的问题,提出采用被减项加权处理和功率谱修正处理相结合的改进方法,采取Matlab实验仿真分析,实验结果表明,该方法降低了音乐噪声,改善了语音信号的输出信噪比,达到了抑制纯音噪声的目的。     

一种改进的基于谱熵实时噪声估计的谱减法

语音增强的目标是从含有噪声的语音信号中提取尽可能纯净的原始语音.在实际应用中,需要对背景噪声进行预估计,以达到改善语音质量.目前常用的语音增强方式是谱减法,但由于该算法在低信噪比环境下的效果较差,所以限制了其应用范围.该文将实时噪声估计同谱减法相结合,针对谱减法在低信噪比下效果不明显的缺点,给出一种新的语音增强方案.该方案的目的是优化传统谱减法的性能,对噪声进行更为准确的实时估计;该方案的特点就是利用谱熵对噪声进行估计,通过谱熵估计每一帧语音的噪声,再利用谱减法达到降噪的目的.实验结果表明,该方法与传统的谱减法相比,在低信噪比环境下均能得到较好的去噪效果.     

基于最小均方误差估计的改进语音增强算法

在常规谱减法的理论基础上,针对其去噪中存在的问题,提出一种改进算法,对清音和浊音分别采用高频提升和频带加宽的处理方法,使在消除信号噪声的同时尽可能地保留信号中的弱特征成分.利用LSD和PMD公式从理论和实践两方面证明该方法在有效抑制背景噪声的同时还可以降低音乐噪声,获取最大的信噪比,减少语音失真,实现比常规谱减法更好的语音增强效果.     

机器人自身噪声环境下的自动语音识别

当机器人移动身体任何部位时,都会不可避免地产生自身噪声。这些自身噪声由身体关节或其他硬件设备如风扇等引起。由于自身噪声距离机器人麦克风较近,较目标声源更容易被获取。该文根据机器人自身噪声种类,提出了一种将谱减法、关节噪声模板减法、基于标注区域的倒谱均值减法以及多条件训练相结合的方法,从而估计和抑制自身噪声。一系列实验证明了所提出的方法可以有效地减少自身噪声影响,提高语音识别的鲁棒性。     

含语音增强模块的i-向量说话人识别性能分析

为解决文本无关说话人识别中训练与识别环境不同导致模式失配的问题,提出了一种采用语音增强模块进行前端预处理的i-向量说话人识别系统,从而提高系统对于环境噪声的鲁棒性.为评估不同语音增强算法的性能,利用NIST08核心测试集进行仿真实验.采用IMCRA算法对语音进行噪声估计后,分别用维纳滤波法、MMSE-LSA、传统谱减法和多频带谱减法等4种方法进行语音增强前端处理,在基于i-向量的说话人识别系统下进行实验.实验结果表明采用了语音增强的系统具有一定抗噪声性能,并且在高信噪比条件下,基于多频带的谱减法在此系统下性能最佳,而低信噪比情况下MMSE-LSA算法更有优势.     

基于参数自适应的改进谱减法

针对基本谱减法的噪声残留以及损伤语音的可懂度和自然度等问题,在基本谱减法原理基础上,提出了基于参数自适应的改进谱减法。引进谱减功率系数和谱减噪声系数,以增强后语音信号的信噪比为输出,以变化的谱减功率系数和谱减噪声系数为输入,自动控制选择最优参数,并且将其与带噪语音输入信噪比相匹配。对信号进行语音增强时,通过计算其输入信噪比,利用最优参数曲线得到最优参数值,然后结合平滑处理的过程实现语音增强最大化。实验表明,本文算法有效提高了基本谱减法的语音增强性能。     

一种基于GRU神经网络的语音增强方法

对语音增强的方法研究开始于20世纪70年代,目前形成了4大类传统的语音增强方法,包括谐波增强法、谱减法、基于语音生成模型的算法和基于短时谱估计的算法.但语音信号本身为非平稳信号,无论时域分析或者频域分析,其本身的信号特征均不明显,同时噪声信号常常多个叠加,特征复杂、频带宽,现有语音增强效果并不理想,甚至容易引入音乐噪声.语音交流是人类的基本沟通交流方式,用途广泛,但是在语音通讯的过程中不可避免的会受到来自环境噪声、电气噪声、传输介质等干扰,干扰后将影响人的收听辨识效果或者影响其他语音信号的处理(如语音识别).因此,有必要在音频数字化后实行适当的增强措施来提高辨识度.基于此,提出一种综合了多种方法的新语音增强处理结构.该结构结合短时傅里叶变换、谱减法、噪声谱估计和机器学习技术等,实现更强的语音增强效果.通过与前馈BP网络及LSTM网络对比,实验证明了该方法的有效性.并验证使用GPU计算技术加速的可行性.     

语音增强系统中宽带噪声的滤除

针对宽带噪声的特点,探讨了利用谱减法的改进形式进行语音增强处理,以实验结果说明了参数ｍ、ｎ的取值与增强效果的关系,当ｍ、ｎ取值恰当,则可获得较为理想的增强效果。在估计噪声的短时能量谱时,采用了低信噪比自适应有声／无声算法来判别纯噪声的信号帧,实时估计噪声,提高了噪声估计的准确度,取得了较好的语音增强效果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.