基于饱和多孔介质的复杂自由场地震响应分析

采用不可压缩饱和多孔介质的广义Biot理论模型,导出流体饱和两相多孔介质振动问题的有限元方程,并对港珠澳工程沉管隧道段自由场进行数值模拟计算.计算结果表明,相对于传统的单相介质自由场而言,饱和两相多孔介质自由场地表加速度峰值有所降低;实际场地的地形地貌对孔隙水压力有显著影响;多孔材料的渗透系数增大,可能会导致其孔隙水压力降低;同时输入地震作用的大小也会影响场地地震液化的评估.由此可见,基于不可压缩饱和多孔介质的数值模拟方法在场地地震液化分析中可行,其结论可以应用在其他工程场地分析中.     

多孔介质中固体体积分数与颗粒尺度对流体绝对渗透率的影响

多孔介质渗透率是影响流体流动的重要因素,对多孔介质渗透率的研究在油气开采、地下水文学等工程技术领域具有实际的应用价值。本文通过在立方体空间中随机填充球形固体颗粒生成不同固体体积分数和颗粒半径的三维多孔介质数值模型。利用格子玻尔兹曼法模拟流体在这些模型中的流动并计算得到不同固体体积分数和颗粒半径下多孔介质模型的渗透率,分析了多孔介质中固体颗粒半径和体积分数对渗透率的影响,并通过数据拟合得到了渗透率关于固体颗粒半径和体积分数的函数关系。通过与二维多孔介质中渗透率关于孔隙率和固体颗粒粒径的函数关系对比,发现在三维多孔介质中,渗透率与固体体积分数和粒径之间具有与二维情况下类似的幂律指数关系。     

三维两相驱动问题的差分方法

多孔介质中两相不可压缩流体的数学模型是一组非线性偏微分方程，本文给出了三维两相驱动问题的差分方法，并进行了收敛性分析。     

三维两相驱动问题的差分方法

多孔介质中两相不可压缩流体的数学模型是一组非线性偏微分方程．本文给出了三维两相驱动问题的差分方法，并进行了收敛性分析     

液饱和多孔介质中Rayleigh型波的传播

研究了由多孔固体骨架和无粘流体构成的多孔介质的瑞利型表面波的传播 ,获得了联系着复波数对频率的依赖关系的弥散方程 ,结果表明 :其表面波是弥散和非均匀的 ,表面波沿多孔介质表面衰减 ,同时其振幅远离介质表面呈指数衰减     

大功率超声波近井无机垢解堵的动力学机理

利用超声波在含流体储层多孔介质中传播的固/液耦合波动力学理论,大功率超声波解除近井带地层堵塞过程中,超声波在近井储层多孔介质中传播引起岩石骨架弹性形变、孔隙流体与骨架固体弹性错流和孔隙弹性变形引起流体挤压喷射流动等微观动力学特性;超声波作用引起储层多孔介质孔隙半径蠕动变化的动力学特征;超声波作用解除储层多孔介质中无机垢颗粒微观动力学特征;分析了大功率超声波作用下,近井带储层多孔介质中声能聚集引起岩石局部起裂的动力学特征.在此基础上,提出了大功率超声波解除无机结垢堵塞的无机垢体破碎作用、超声空化作用、超声摩擦作用、超声蠕动输运作用以及超声造缝作用等微观动力学机理.     

波在分数Maxwell流体饱和孔隙介质界面的反射和透射

作为当前一种热门的非牛顿流体模型,分数Maxwell模型还没有应用到孔隙介质的弹性波领域。通过对分数Maxwell流体在周期性振动圆管中流动的分析,给出粘滞系数修正因子,由此来表示孔隙流体非牛顿效应的影响。推导了波从弹性固体射向孔隙介质时,在两个半空间分界面的反射和透射系数,其中孔隙介质充满数Maxwell流体。以往研究波在孔隙介质界面反射和透射时,由Snell定理会给出物理意义不明确的复数角度。本文按照非均匀波讨论,由Snell定理给出的角度为实数,物理意义明确。发现波由弹性固体射向孔隙介质时,孔隙介质中各类型波的传播方向不同,但衰减方向均垂直于界面。通过数值算例,以及与牛顿流体饱和的情况对比,考察了非牛顿效应对反射和透射系数的影响。结果显示,当孔隙介质充满分数Maxwell流体时,波在界面的反射和透射情况,明显不同于充满牛顿流体的时候。     

饱和流体多孔介质中的声传播

饱和流体多孔介质中声传播的Biot理论在地震勘探、声波测井资料解释中具有极大的应用价值。本文简要回顾了Biot理论、估计复合介质等效弹性模量的自洽理论、多孔介质界面波理论及支持这些理论的实验,并评价了多孔介质声学理论的研究、应用现状,强调了这种研究对资源的声波勘探的重要性。     

多孔介质孔隙尺度下不可压缩流体流动特性SPH模拟

基于孔隙尺度下的多孔介质模型,使用光滑粒子动力学(SPH)数值模拟方法研究多孔介质中不可压缩流体流动现象,分析流体在孔隙尺度下的流动特性.首先通过模拟经典的Poiseuille流和Couette流验证方法的正确性.随后,针对流体在分别由圆柱和方柱为骨架构造的规则多孔介质内的流动情况,同时使用SPH方法和有限元法(FEM)进行模拟,所得的结果十分吻合.最后利用SPH方法对流体在基于贝雷岩心获得的多孔介质模型和以同尺度的圆柱为基元构造的一种人工随机多孔介质模型内的流动进行模拟,证明平均流体速度和单位质量体积力具有很好的线性关系.     

流体饱和度对Rayleigh波传播影响研究

基于三相孔隙弹性介质理论,本文推导出两种不相混的、黏性的、可压缩的流体饱和孔隙介质Rayleigh波控制方程解析解.该Rayleigh波沿着孔隙介质自由的、可渗透的表面传播.Rayleigh波频散方程解析表达式为三次多项式方程.求解频散方程的结果表明,该种介质存在三种类型的Rayleigh波（分别标记为R1,R2和R3）.在一定的频率范围内（1Hz-1 MHz）,本文数值研究了含水饱和度对三种Rayleigh波传播特性的影响.数值结果显示,孔隙介质的含水饱和程度对三种面波的传播速度和衰减有明显影响.三种面波在传播方向（x方向）和垂直于传播方向（z方向）上均存在振幅衰减.R1波传播速度最快,R3波居中,R2波最慢.R1波传播中衰减最小,R2和R3波次之,且R2和R3波随含水饱和度和频率的变化趋势基本相同.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.