煤矿瓦斯旋流混合器定工况下混合均匀性研究

利用简化的数学模型对给定工况下煤矿瓦斯旋流混合器的混合均匀性进行了研究,主要研究旋流方式和旋流强度对乏风瓦斯出口速度和体积分数分布均匀性的影响. 研究结果表明:在外管气体的流量和转动惯量明显大于内管的工况下,外管的旋流对出口的速度场起到主导作用,使出口乏风瓦斯的速度分布均匀性降低;内管的旋流建立了径向和轴向的反压力梯度,产生了中心回流区,增强了内、外管流体动量和质量的交换,使出口的体积分数分布均匀性明显提高;随着旋流强度的提高,外管具有旋流的旋流方式的出口速度分布均匀性变差,而内管具有旋流的旋流方式的回流区掺混强度增大,有利于乏风瓦斯体积分数混合均匀性的提高.      

矿井乏风逆流氧化床温度分布和工作特性研究

为了给矿井乏风逆流氧化装置设计提供理论依据,数值模拟研究了逆流氧化床温度分布和工作特性.结果显示：逆流氧化床内固体蜂窝陶瓷的蓄热和释热效应,使得含甲烷气体成分极低的模拟矿井乏风在其内能够自维持逆流高温氧化.数值模拟中逆流氧化床轴向中心线上M形温度分布特点与实验结果一致.逆流氧化床轴向中心线上温度分布、出口温度值、化学反应速率分布、气固两相间单位容积换热量分布主要受往复半周期、混合气体中甲烷气体质量分数和混合气体质量流量等参数影响.     

双塔真空变压吸附富集煤矿乏风瓦斯的流程参数研究

在以活性炭为吸附剂的双塔真空变压吸附实验装置上,研究了双塔真空变压吸附法富集煤矿乏风瓦斯实验中流程参数对富集效果的影响。结果表明:在半周期、充压时间、上均压时间和下均压时间等四个流程参数中,半周期和上均压时间对产品气甲烷体积分数影响最大,其次为充压时间,对结果影响最小的是下均压时间;最好的均压方式是只有上均压,均压时间为0.5s;节流子孔径越小,产品气体积分数越高,减小节流孔径是提高产品气甲烷体积分数的方法之一。     

基于轻组分充压的改进型三塔真空变压吸附工艺富集煤矿乏风瓦斯的实验研究

建立了以活性炭为吸附剂的三塔真空变压吸附实验装置,对循环过程中的充压方式和抽真空排放过程进行了实验研究.采用轻组分从吸附塔上端充压可以在排放气甲烷体积分数相同的情况下,延长穿透时间,提高产品气甲烷体积分数;而在循环中引入抽真空排放步骤也可以在不改变吸附与解吸压力的情况下有效提高产品气中甲烷的体积分数.在此基础上,对同时包含排放气充压步骤和抽排步骤的三塔变压吸附循环流程进行了实验研究.实验结果表明,应用该循环可以在吸附和解吸压力分别为140 kPa和20 kPa条件下将甲烷体积分数为0.2%的乏风瓦斯富集至0.654%,同时甲烷回收率在65%.     

国内外矿井低浓度瓦斯利用技术的探讨

分析了煤矿瓦斯赋存基础参数和来源及涌出构成,提出了煤矿抽放瓦斯的必要性,总结了煤矿瓦斯基本分类及利用方法,研究了国内外低浓度瓦斯发电技术、煤矿乏风氧化装置及乏风瓦斯发电解决方案,指出矿井低浓度瓦斯利用技术将在促进煤层气利用的同时,推动煤矿瓦斯的全面综合利用,必将产生良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

对二甲苯模拟移动床分离过程的模拟与优化

对国内外模拟移动床的研究状况及模拟移动床的设计方法进行了简短的综述,基于Aspen Chromatography软件,以对二甲苯模拟移动床吸附分离过程为研究对象,结合实际工况数据,采用模拟移动床SMB模型,对模拟移动床吸附分离过程进行设计与模拟,抽取液中对二甲苯的纯度高达99.98%,,收率高达98.08%,.考察了切换时间(t_s)、抽取液流量(Q_E)、进料量(Q_F)、吸附剂钝化以及管路死体积对吸附分离过程的影响.模拟结果表明:借助于Aspen Chromatography,采用SMB模型能较好地描述模拟移动床分离过程的真实情况,对模拟移动床分离过程的工艺设计、优化及操作具有重要的指导意义.     

钙质泥岩粉尘对混烧体系中乏风瓦斯的氧化影响研究

为降低乏风瓦斯排放对温室效应的影响，提高乏风瓦斯的利用率，探究了体积分数为0.75%的乏风瓦斯及其与褐煤、无烟煤混烧方法下的氧化规律。随后进一步探究矿井乏风中裹挟的钙质泥岩粉尘对混烧体系中乏风瓦斯的影响。研究利用管式炉系统，模拟乏风瓦斯与空气预混气体环境，将金属氧化物含量不同的钙质泥岩粉尘与不同煤种混合，置于该气体环境中。结合X射线衍射分析(XRD)测试，分析混烧产物。研究表明：钙质泥岩粉尘可以促进瓦斯的氧化，且随着金属氧化物含量的增多，氧化效率增加。钙质泥岩粉尘可以促进同等温度下两个煤种混烧体系中乏风瓦斯的氧化。钙质泥岩粉尘金属氧化物含量越多，乏风瓦斯转化达到极限的温度越低。根据粉尘对两个煤种混烧体系的瓦斯转化作用效果可知，虽然褐煤体系的瓦斯转化率一直高于无烟煤体系，但粉尘对于褐煤体系中乏风瓦斯的转化呈负面影响，对无烟煤体系呈积极影响，故粉尘对无烟煤混烧体系的影响优于对褐煤体系的影响。钙质泥岩粉尘同时起到固硫作用，故对矿井排出乏风瓦斯过程中含有的钙质泥岩粉尘可不做处理，将其与乏风瓦斯共同通入燃煤锅炉中。     

独头巷道内瓦斯运移规律数值模拟

独头巷道内瓦斯异常出是引起煤矿井下瓦斯爆炸事故的主要原因之一.采用计算流体力学软件对独头端异常涌出后瓦斯在巷道中时空分布规律进行数值模拟研究.独头端的涌出速度采用幂函数的变化规律进行模拟.模拟过程监测了不同时刻巷道中心线瓦斯浓度分布情况以及巷道不同断面瓦斯浓度分布等值线图.模拟结果表明,巷道上部分瓦斯浓度比下部分瓦斯浓度大,瓦斯浓度沿巷道分为3个部分:先降低,后升高,然后又降低.涌出后一段时间瓦斯浓度降低部分非常短,整个瓦斯浓度是升高部分,且沿巷道长度方向基本呈直线升高.该研究对矿井瓦斯爆炸事故调查、通风风量调节、灾害预警以及应急救援具有一定的意义.     

基于ANSYS温度场的煤层瓦斯压力模拟可行性

煤矿采掘施工会破坏瓦斯在煤层中的平衡状态。为研究瓦斯在煤层中的流动规律，采用ANSYS有限元软件对煤层钻孔抽采瓦斯进行数值模拟，研究一定时间内钻孔周围的瓦斯压力分布，以及测点随时间变化的压力变化趋势。结合桃山煤矿42035工作面的实测数据与模拟结果进行对比。结果表明：钻孔周围测点的实测数值与模拟结果基本吻合，说明利用ANSYS温度场进行瓦斯渗流模拟可行。     

三带模拟移动床色谱的实验研究

在自行设计组装的一套B型三带模拟移动床色谱系统的基础上,对系统参数及所选分离对象的吸附参数进行了测定.对B型三带SMBC的分离过程及主要操作参数的影响作了简要的分析.针对具体的分离对象,验证了B型三带SMBC切换时间、进样流速与冲洗流速对分离结果的影响.研究结果表明,三带模拟移动床色谱溶剂消耗大的缺点可以被克服,三带模拟移动床色谱仍具有重要的实际应用价值.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…