钨/二氧化硅/脲醛树脂多组分复合材料制备与表征

以钨粉为核芯材料,利用溶胶-凝胶法在其表面包覆二氧化硅壳层;通过硅烷化试剂(APTES)的修饰作用,在酸催化条件下,在钨/二氧化硅表面实施甲醛和尿素的缩聚反应,制备得到具有核-壳结构的钨/二氧化硅/脲醛树脂(W/SiO2/UF)多组分复合材料.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶转变红外(FT-IR)等手段对复合材料的形态、结构和组成等进行了表征.复合材料的导电性测试结果表明,钨粉表面脲醛树脂层包覆后,其电导率由1.7×10-3S/m降低为1.2×10-8 S/m,即钨粉表面包覆层的包覆较为完整、致密,其导电性接近于绝缘材料.     

Cu微粒包覆Cu/LiFePO4正极材料的制备及性能研究

用高温固相反应法制备Cu微粒包覆的锂离子电池正极材料Cu/LiFePO4.采用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜对材料的物相结构和颗粒形貌进行分析和观察,采用恒流充放电、慢扫描循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱法测试材料的电 化学性 能.结果表明,Cu微粒包覆使复合材料颗粒分散更均匀,结晶更明显;Cu/LiFePO4(n(Cu)∶n(Li)=1∶15)正极材料首次放电比容量最高为142.8 mA·h/g,与纯LiFePO4正极材料的对应值151.7 mA·h/g相比有所下降;虽然Cu微粒的加入在一定程度上能够提高材料的电子导电率,但在第一周充电时Cu即发生不可逆氧化,导致该复合材料具有较低的放电比容量和较大的首次不可逆容量损失.     

不同制备工艺对WC/Cu功能梯度材料性能的影响

遵循常规粉末冶金法,采用埋粉烧结和真空热压烧结两种工艺制备出三层WC/Cu功能梯度材料。研究结果表明:真空热压烧结工艺明显改善了Cu基体与WC颗粒之间的结合状况且材料的密度也得到了提高。还研究了WC体积分数对单层WC/Cu复合材料性能的影响,采用以上两种烧结工艺分别制备出两种不同WC体积分数的单WC/Cu复合材料试样,研究结果表明:在相同WC体积分数下,真空热压烧结明显提高了烧结体的电导率和硬度;另外,在同种烧结工艺情况下,烧结体的硬度随着WC体积分数的增加而增加,而材料的电导率随WC体积分数的增加而减小。     

Cu微粒包覆Cu/LiFePO_4正极材料的制备及性能研究

用高温固相反应法制备Cu微粒包覆的锂离子电池正极材料Cu/LiFePO4。采用X射线衍射、场发射扫描电镜对材料的物相结构和颗粒形貌进行分析和观察,采用恒流充放电、慢扫描循环伏安法和电化学阻抗谱法测试材料的电化学性能。结果表明,Cu微粒包覆使复合材料颗粒分散更均匀,结晶更明显;Cu/LiFePO4(n(Cu)∶n(Li)=1∶15)正极材料首次放电比容量最高为142.8 mA.h/g,与纯LiFePO4正极材料的对应值151.7 mA.h/g相比有所下降;虽然Cu微粒的加入在一定程度上能够提高材料的电子导电率,但在第一周充电时Cu即发生不可逆氧化,导致该复合材料具有较低的放电比容量和较大的首次不可逆容量损失。     

放电等离子烧结制备Cu/Ti3SiC2-TiC复合材料

选用单质粉(Ti,Si,C,Al)为原料,采用机械合金化法制备含有Ti3SiC2和TiC的混合粉体,然后将Ti3SiC2,TiC和Cu的混合粉体进行放电等离子烧结,以制备Cu/Ti3SiC2-TiC复合材料,并对其组织耐磨性进行了研究。实验结果表明,放电等离子烧结可制备致密的Cu/Ti3SiC2-TiC复合材料,复合材料的显微硬度随强化相(Ti3SiC2-TiC)掺加量的增加显著提高,当强化相掺加量为20 vol%时,复合材料的硬度值达1.58 GPa。Cu/Ti3SiC2-TiC复合材料的耐磨性随强化相含量增加显著提高,当强化相掺入量为20 vol%时,复合材料的耐磨性为纯Cu的4倍。     

SiCp/Cu复合材料高温抗氧化性能研究

采用粉末冶金方法制备了SiCp/Cu复合材料,研究了复合材料在恒温氧化和循环氧化条件下的抗氧化性能。结果表明：在400—700℃时,SiCp/Cu复合材料具有比纯铜优良的抗氧化性能;在温度一定的条件下,SiC体积分数为20%时,复合材料的抗氧化性能最好;在循环氧化条件下,随着氧化时间延长,复合材料氧化增重率逐渐增大,而且呈现近抛物线变化规律;对相同SiC颗粒含量的SiCp/Cu复合材料,SiC颗粒越细,试样的抗氧化性能越好。     

1 300℃下MoSi2/SiC复合材料氧化性能研究

对直接浸渗法制备MoSi2/SiC复合材料在1 300℃下的氧化试样的质量变化进行了研究.观察与分析了氧化层的形貌和相组成.结果表明,复合材料在该温度下保温时间较短时其氧化模式为硅、钼同时氧化,复合材料表现为失重,形成的氧化层结构疏松,存在大量气孔;保温时间较长时氧化模式为硅的选择性氧化,材料表面形成致密的SiO2氧化层,复合材料表现为增重.同时复合材料的抗氧化性与材料的孔隙率和SiC颗粒大小有关,孔隙率越高,SiC颗粒越小,抗氧化性越差.研究表明MoSi2/SiC复合材料可用作1 300℃下的抗氧化材料.     

无压浸渗法制备高体分比SiCp/Al

采用粉末注射成形/无压浸渗法成功制备出了SiC体积分数为63%的SiCp/Al复合材料.重点研究了主要工艺参数对SiC骨架及复合材料性能的影响规律.研究表明,采用粉末注射成形制备的SiC骨架经1100℃预烧后,仍具有很高的开口孔隙率,达到总孔隙率的97.9%.SiC颗粒经高温氧化处理后所生成的SiO2薄膜可明显改善铝合金熔液与SiC颗粒之间的润湿性,显著提高复合材料的密度.通过对工艺参数的优化可使铝液较好地润湿SiC骨架,获得最高相对密度可超过97%的复合材料.     

6066Al/SiCP复合材料的组织特征与阻尼性能

研究了经制粉→混料→真空抽气→热挤压工艺制备的6066Al/SiCp复合材料的组织特征与阻尼性能.复合材料的阻尼特征通过动态机械热分析仪(DMTA)测量,得出了2种不同SiC含量的6066Al/SiCp复合材料及6066Al合金在温度为30～250℃,频率为0.1,1,10和30Hz时的阻尼值.利用扫描电镜、光学显微镜对复合材料组织特征进行了分析,根据组织特征及阻尼数据对复合材料的阻尼机制进行了讨论.结果表明将2～3μm的SiC颗粒加入6066Al中,当SiC含量为7%(体积分数)时,增强的SiC颗粒分布较均匀,与基体结合良好;当SiC含量为12%时,SiC易聚集成团.少量SiC能明显提高6066Al的阻尼能力,尤其是高温阻尼性能;6066Al/SiCp复合材料的高阻尼性能主要是SiC颗粒加入后使位错密度大大增加,基体晶界及基体与SiC颗粒界面的存在使材料在循环载荷下消耗能量所致.     

SiC颗粒特性对无压熔渗SiCp/Al复合材料热物理性能的影响

采用粉末注射成形-无压熔渗相结合技术制备出了电子封装用高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料. 重点研究了SiC粒径、体积分数以及粒径大小等颗粒特性对所制备复合材料热物理性能的影响规律. 研究结果表明,SiCp/Al复合材料的热导率随SiC粒径的增大和体积分数的增加而增加;SiC粒径的大小对复合材料的热膨胀系数(CTE)没有显著的影响,而其体积分数对CTE的影响较大. CTE随着SiC颗粒体积分数的增加而减小,CTE实验值与基于Turner模型的预测值比较接近. 通过对不同粒径的SiC粉末进行级配,可以实现体积分数在53%～68%、CTE(20～100℃)在7.8×10-6～5.4×10-6K-1、热导率在140～190W·m·K-1范围内变化.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.