秦岭终南山公路隧道通风方案探讨

秦岭终南山公路隧道是中国目前在建的最长的公路隧道。对于这样的特长公路隧道，其通风方案的优劣不仅关系到隧道的建设规模和将来的运营成本，而且和隧道的防火救灾相关。详细讨论了秦岭终南山公路隧道通风技术中的几个关键问题，并初步探讨了几种可能通风方案的优缺点，指出了需进一步深入研究的对应问题。     

十天高速西秦岭隧道通风方式研究

西秦岭特长公路隧道是十天高速甘肃段全线的控制性工程,该隧道为上下行分离的双洞四车道隧道.该隧道左线全长为5464m,右线5 700m,隧道左右线长度稍大于《细则》给出的采用全射流纵向通风的单向交通隧道的适用长度(5 000m),按照常规方案,应采用竖井送排式通风方案.基于上述情况,本论述从降低隧道通风系统土建费用和节省运营电费的角度考虑,建议该隧道采用首期建设费用低、运营管理容易且经济效益显著、方式灵活的双洞互补式网络通风方案,近期关闭两洞换气通道,左右线采用纯射流纵向通风方案;远期开启换气通道,实施双洞互补式网络通风.     

中长公路隧道纵向通风计算模型

运用微分算子法,分析了中长公路隧道中的有害气体浓度的分布规律。以人体安全指标、隧道长度、交通量为主要依据,讨论了中长公路隧道是否需要机械通风的标准,建立了中长公路隧道纵向通风计算模型,并应用工程实例进行验证。结果表明:在近期,该隧道不需要通风;在远期,该隧道需要通风。所提出的计算模型为今后的中长公路隧道通风设计计算提供了参考。图1,参9。     

变频调速在公路隧道通风控制中的应用

隧道通风机的控制直接影响到通风的效果、风机的使用寿命和电能的消耗量。将变频调速技术应用到隧道通风控制中，实现风机软启动和无级调速，能延长风机的使用寿命、降低噪声和节约电能。结合风机特性和风阻特性曲线分析了变频调速的基本原理，讨论了其应用的可行性，给出了变频调速技术在公路隧道通风控制系统中的应用方法，并通过实际验证计算。结果表明，变频调速技术能保证公路隧道通风机节能、可靠、平稳的运行，降低了噪声和振动，延长了通风机的使用寿命。     

长大隧道施工通风降尘技术的探讨

随着交通建设的快速发展,长大隧道的修建越来越多,长大隧道施工通风降尘问题是长大隧道施工必须解决的难题,本文详细阐述了某公路长大通风方案、通风设计计算和除尘措施,施工结果表明,该隧道的通风降尘是成功的,可供同类工程施工参考。     

公路隧道防火设计思路研究

本文基于笔者多年从事隧道防火设计的相关工作经验,以公路隧道防火设计为研究对象,论文首先分析了公路隧道火灾的主要原因、特点与危害,进而详细探讨了公路隧道防灾与通风设计的方案,全文是笔者长期工作实践基础上的理论升华,相信对从事相关工作的同行能有所裨益。     

双峰特长隧道两阶段通风方案

施工通风一直是长大隧道施工中的技术难点之一，以往由于通风理论与技术装备问题，大多采用独头压入式通风方式。近年来，随着施工技术与施工机械化水平的提高，公路、铁路建设愈来愈多地采用修建长大隧道的方案，因此，解决好长大隧道施工通风，保证施工顺利进行愈显紧迫。结合浙江省诸永高速公路双峰特长隧道管道巷道混合式通风3．2km的成功经验，总结出特长隧道两阶段通风方案。     

长大公路隧道火灾温度场分布试验研究

为了掌握长大公路隧道内的火灾行为,提升秦岭特长公路隧道的火灾安全性,进行了火灾时隧道内温度场的纵向、横向分布规律及温度场扩散范围的大比例(1:6)火灾模型试验.模型隧道内径为1.8 m,长100 m.隧道内的风速在10 m/s范围内.试验中设定了3个火灾规模用以模拟实际的隧道火灾场景.试验中隧道内烟流温度通过CAN数据采集系统自动记录.试验结果表明,横向温度分布呈现拱顶最高,拱腰、边墙次之,底部最低的规律.对纵向温度分布而言,火区温度最高,随着远离火区温度逐渐降低.火灾规模及通风速度对温度分布及温度扩散范围具有明显的影响.随着火灾规模的增大,隧道内各点烟流温度及影响范围均增大.而随着通风速度的增大,温度扩散范围增大,火区最高温度降低,隧道内温度分布趋于均匀.此外,根据试验成果对结构防火措施、设备布置方案、火灾时通风风速的设定以及行车距离的限制等给出了合理的建议.     

特长公路隧道复杂风机网络协同控制系统架构

为了解决传统特长公路隧道通风控制系统架构的及时性、可靠性差,不能实现风机协同控制的问题,为满足隧道复杂风机网络通风运营需求,设计了一种基于信息物理系统(CPS)的特长公路隧道复杂风机网络协同控制系统。该系统由感控层、信息层、应用接入层、应用层和CPS层5个层级组成。感控层利用风机集群划分和嵌入式控制模块实现对隧道环境、交通量等因素的感知和局部控制。信息层通过对风机控制事件/信息优先级划分和基于发布/订阅方式的数据分发服务,提高数据传输可靠性和风机控制时效性;应用接入层通过CPS中间件,实现系统语义和时间的统一,提高数据利用效率,提升隧道风机控制的可操作性;应用层针对隧道运营服务一体化要求,给出了隧道运营的照明系统、供配电和消防系统和所设计的通风系统并行控制的接口;CPS层对感控层和信息层进行反馈控制,实现复杂风机的协同控制。该系统架构提升了特长公路隧道风机控制智能化、信息化水平,满足面向服务的隧道风机运营需求。     

基于FDS的公路隧道火灾仿真

本文中以一实际公路隧道为研究对象,当隧道发生中型规模火灾且纵向通风风速为临界风速时,使用FDS软件对隧道内的温度场、烟气浓度场及能见度的分布进行了大量的数值模拟分析研究。得出了隧道各断面的温度、CO浓度及能见度的分布规律,给出了几项改善人员逃生的措施。本文的研究结果对制定长大公路隧道火灾应急预案提供了重要的技术支持。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.