弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶侵彻效率影响因素分析

为研究弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶体时,最大侵彻深度随弹体撞击速度的变化规律,定义侵彻效率为侵彻深度与速度的比值。针对一定的弹靶系统,通过实验数据和数值仿真研究了最大侵彻效率对应的弹体特征撞击速度。弹体撞击速度对侵彻效率的影响呈抛物线分布。随着速度的提高侵彻效率先增大后减少。侵彻效率达到极值前,随着速度的增大侵彻深度增加幅度很大。当最大侵彻效率对应的特征撞击速度增加约5%时,侵彻深度和侵彻能力最高。混凝土单轴抗压强度、弹头部形状系数、弹体长径比、弹体材料的强度及机械性能对侵彻效率的影响较大。     

弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶侵彻效率影响因素分析

为研究弹体高速侵彻混凝土靶体时,最大侵彻深度随弹体撞击速度的变化规律,定义侵彻效率为侵彻深度与速度的比值。针对一定的弹靶系统,通过实验数据和数值仿真研究了最大侵彻效率对应的弹体特征撞击速度。弹体撞击速度对侵彻效率的影响呈抛物线分布。随着速度的提高侵彻效率先增大后减少。侵彻效率达到极值前,随着速度的增大侵彻深度增加幅度很大。当最大侵彻效率对应的特征撞击速度增加约5%时,侵彻深度和侵彻能力最高。混凝土单轴抗压强度、弹头部形状系数、弹体长径比、弹体材料的强度及机械性能对侵彻效率的影响较大。     

侵蚀弹超高速撞击岩石类材料的成坑效应

为了研究超高速弹体对岩石类材料的撞击机理,在分析岩石类材料侵彻近区拟流体特征的基础上,利用不可压缩理想流体的伯努利方程,考虑弹体侵蚀破坏过程中的强度变化和靶体破碎介质的反向喷射,建立了成坑效应计算模型,通过实验对比验证了模型的合理性,并分析了影响成坑效应的主要因素。分析表明:侵彻深度随着撞击速度呈现增大—逆转—趋向极限的变化规律,弹坑半径则随撞击速度的提高而增大;靶体材料的动力硬度对侵彻深度的影响不大,但对弹坑半径影响较大;当撞击能量相同时,不同长径比弹体造成的弹坑体积相同。     

柱形平头弹体墩粗变形的理论分析

为了研究弹体撞击靶板过程中的弹靶变形耦合效应,在考虑靶板变形的同时,对柱形平头弹体的墩粗变形进行了理论分析．文中以Taylor模型为基础,建立了一个新的弹体撞击变形靶板的墩粗变形分析模型．给出了数值解,得到了各个变量随时间的变化关系及撞击结束后弹体的整体形状尺寸,并进一步得到了各形状参数和变形延续时间与撞击速度和弹靶特性的关系．结果表明,所建立的理论模型更加接近实验结果,分析结果更为合理．     

横向效应增强型侵彻体撞击金属薄板理论模型

为了分析影响横向效应增强型侵彻体( PELE)弹壳体横向速度的因素,该文建立了其横向速度的理论分析模型.该模型基于动能定理和动量定理,考虑了PELE弹对金属薄板灵敏度的要求,结合了PELE弹作用原理及其对金属薄板的作用特点.综合考虑了装填材料及靶板材料的声阻抗、弹体的密度和泊松比、靶板密度及厚度、着靶速度、弹丸壳体的内外径比和长径比因素.结合实战用PELE弹的结构、靶板条件和速度范围,利用LS-DYNA软件进行了三维数值仿真.研究结果发现:PELE弹在壳体自身和装填材料的共同作用下,壳体的横向速度随着弹丸着靶速度和装填材料声阻抗的增大而增大,其理论分析模型计算结果与仿真结果一致性较好.     

不同头部形状弹体高速侵彻混凝土试验研究

为研究高速撞击条件下弹体侵彻能力、弹体侵彻极限速度、弹体质量损失等问题,在高速弹道炮上开展了不同头部形状弹体对混凝土靶体高速正侵彻的模型试验,试验最高弹速达到了1 420 m/s,获得了侵彻深度与侵彻速度之间的关系. 结果表明,随着弹体速度的增加,弹道的稳定性逐渐变差,弹体头部侵蚀加重,当弹体初速度大于弹体极限速度时,弹体出现弯曲破坏,侵彻深度下降;不同的头部形状对弹体弯曲变形、弹体头部侵蚀、弹体侵彻深度有着很明显的影响.     

弹体高速侵彻厚钢筋混凝土靶的数值模拟

针对厚钢筋混凝土靶在弹体高速侵彻时的毁伤特性,基于混凝土连续帽盖模型(CSCM)和共节点耦合建模方法对弹体高速侵彻厚钢筋混凝土靶的毁伤行为进行数值模拟,分析钢筋混凝土靶的损伤分布特性、钢筋结构对混凝土的约束作用。结果表明：高速侵彻时,延性损伤体现在混凝土内部,脆性损伤更多体现在混凝土外部表层,钢筋网能较大程度地约束混凝土延性损伤的扩展;增加竖筋的配置,可预防厚钢筋混凝土靶沿钢筋层产生层断脱离破坏,从而提高钢筋混凝土的抗弹性能;钢筋混凝土迎弹面的崩落面积随侵彻速度增加而增大,首层钢筋越接近表面,约束效果越好。可见：混凝土连续帽盖模型（CSCM）和共节点耦合建模方法能较好地模拟厚钢筋混凝土靶在弹体高速侵彻作用下的毁伤特性。     

弹体垂直侵彻混凝土靶体的柱形空腔膨胀理论分析

采用统一强度理论作为混凝土材料的屈服准则,根据柱形空腔膨胀理论求得了混凝土靶体在弹体垂直侵彻下的空腔膨胀压力和空腔膨胀速度的关系,给出了柱形空腔膨胀条件下卵形弹体侵彻靶体深度的理论计算公式,求出了弹体以400～1100m/s的速度撞击混凝土靶体的侵彻深度,通过和试验结果比较,表明提出的模型具有一定的合理性.进一步研究还表明,统一强度理论参数b、弹体质量和弹头形状对侵彻深度均有影响,b=0时侵彻深度较大,b=1时侵彻深度较小;弹体质量越大或弹头越尖,侵彻深度越大.     

钨合金弹体超高速撞击混凝土靶成坑特性研究

为探究钨合金弹体超高速撞击混凝土靶的成坑直径和成坑体积随动能变化的规律,采用二级轻气炮开展了钨合金弹体以1。97～3。66km/s的速度撞击混凝土靶实验,利用CT图像诊断方法得到了实验后的成坑特性实验数据,并基于点源假设进行了超高速撞击条件下成坑特性的量纲归—化分析。结果表明:超高速撞击条件下靶板成坑为“弹坑+弹洞”型;成坑直径和成坑体积随动能增加而单调递增,通过量纲分析得到成坑直径3次方和成坑体积都与弹体动能近似成正比,拟合指数μ接近动能主导的指数2/3,说明成坑过程主要受动能影响。      

不同速度下B4C陶瓷/铝合金轻型复合靶板抗侵彻行为研究

陶瓷复合装甲由于其本身高硬度、低密度的特点被广泛应用于高机动性武装载体上，其主要威胁弹体为12.7 mm穿甲燃烧弹。该弹种在侵彻陶瓷轻型复合靶板时弹芯会发生脆性破碎失效行为，弹丸着靶速度的不同会导致弹芯破碎程度的变化，从而直接影响侵彻结果。利用12.7 mm穿燃弹以区间速度498.9～769.2 m/s撞击B₄C/铝合金轻型复合靶板的试验，对靶板与弹芯的损伤模式与侵彻行为进行多尺度分析，并利用LS-DYNA软件进行相应数值模拟。研究结果表明：6061-T6铝合金背板主要失效形式为花瓣形撕裂穿孔并伴随永久性隆起形变，试验得到的弹芯碎片的平均特征尺寸随着侵彻速度的增大而减小，证明在高速侵彻过程中弹芯损伤更为严重；弹芯头部的应力远大于其他位置的应力，弹体从头至尾部方向峰值逐渐降低；对弹芯造成损伤的主要为陶瓷抗弹面板，主要损伤位置为陶瓷粉碎区；背板在侵彻过程中主要对陶瓷起支撑与缓速作用，对弹体的体积与形变无明显影响；陶瓷/铝合金复合装甲的能量吸收能力随着侵彻速度的增大而提高。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.