由膜孔畦灌水流推进及水深资料推求点源入渗参数

根据膜孔畦灌大田灌水试验实测资料,研究了膜上水流推进规律,并对膜孔入渗采用Ｋｏｓｔｉａｋｏｖ入渗模型,提出利用膜孔畦灌田面水流推进和观测断面水深资料推求充分供水条件下点源入渗参数的新方法。实例计算表明,该法简单易行,并可消除土壤空间变异性对入渗参数的影响。该研究成果为膜孔灌理论与技术研究奠定了基础。     

应用Green—Ampt（1973）模型解析三峡库区滑坡土入渗过程的探究

通过试验验证的方法探讨应用Green～Ampt（1973）理论解析模型推求三峡库区典型滑坡土体降雨入渗过程的可行性．研究中的试验设计为建立在对三峡库区滑坡地质灾害的分布及诱灾降雨进行调查统计的基础上,并考虑了Green—Ampt（1973）模型成立的前提条件．通过对试验及解析结果的对比分析得出的结论为,若用该解析模型来推求三峡库区滑坡土体的降雨产流及入渗过程,相关的边界条件假设、推导公式、计算参数取值等仍需大量的试验研究来改进与修正,同时给出了下一步研究工作的建议．     

影响土壤入渗能力的剖面因素研究

基于大田耕作土壤剖面类型测试和室内土壤入渗试验,并与均质土壤剖面对比的方法,分析讨论了水分在犁底层和上壤下沙土壤剖面中的入渗特性及其入渗模型.试验结果表明:土壤剖面构型对土壤的入渗能力有明显影响,与均质土壤相比,上述两种剖面的土壤累积入渗量减小,各入渗参数减小,入渗能力减弱.研究结果可以为特殊土壤剖面土壤入渗参数的确定提供参考.     

陕北黄土单点入渗模式在产流计算中的应用

本文根据室内土壤物理实验研究结果和理论推导,提出参数B同流域土壤含水量建立关系的入渗模式。该模式不仅能够反映可变初始土壤含水量对入渗的影响,而且能够进行饱和与非饱和入渗的连续过程计算。当用于以开始积水时间t_p,为判别标志的产流计算模型中,采用小流域、径流实验场的水文资料和室内土柱入渗的实验资料进行模拟计算,结果良好。     

非饱和土壤有压入渗经验模型研究

基于非饱和土壤有压入渗试验,分析讨论了非饱和土壤水分有压积水入渗率随时间的变化特性,在考斯加科夫(Kostiakov)公式的基础上,建立了非饱和土壤有压入渗的三阶段经验模型.经验模型更好地反映了非饱和土壤有压入渗的过程,由其计算的累积入渗量值与实测值间的误差小于5%,与考斯加科夫三参数模型相比,和实测结果具有更好的吻合性.     

各种速率矢量和激励线性预测（VSELP）编码器的实现

研究并改进了矢量和激励线性预测，语音编码器，介绍了８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓＶＳＥＬＰ编码方案的实现及在此基础上利用矢量量化ＬＰＣ参数，减少激励码本数和子块分裂等方法；改进的６．４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ，４．８ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ及２．４ｋｂｉｔ／ｓ ＶＳＥＬＰ的方案和结果。     

土壤含水量对土壤入渗能力的影响

基于大田多种不同土壤含水量条件下的土壤水分入渗试验，分析讨论了土壤含水量对大田土壤水分入渗能力、入渗率和Kostiakov(两参数)模型(h=Kt^α)的两个入渗参数的影响。试验结果表明：土壤含水量对大田土壤入渗能力的影响十分明显；土壤累积入渗量随土壤含水量的增加而减小；两个入渗参数随土壤含水量变化趋势明显，较好符合对数关系。研究结果对于大田灌溉、地面灌溉合理灌水技术参数的确定及水资源合理利用具有重要价值。     

城市暴雨防洪系统中调蓄削峰设施研究

目的优选调蓄削峰设施,加固城市防洪排涝系统,快速削减城市内多余的雨水.方法建立一整套城市雨水系统削峰调蓄方法的优选模型,采用城市的降雨资料直接推求暴雨公式,年超大值法选取降雨样本,利用SCS雨型对降雨量进行24 h雨量时程分配,采用初损-后损法计算径流量,用瞬时单位线法模拟各雨水口流量过程线,核算现有城市雨水系统的过水能力,确定调蓄设施的设置位置.根据调蓄设施的位置和调蓄容积,分别对调蓄池和调蓄管进行详细的参数计算和直接建设费估算,最终选出最优方案.结果直接计算出设计要求重现期降雨量,避开现有城市暴雨强度公式不适用于大设计重现期的问题,解决了计算繁琐,计算量大且易出错的问题.结论采用初损-后损法推求设计降雨的径流量,系统即适用于大范围地区的径流量计算,同样适用于小范围地区的径流量计算.近期降雨实测资料进行推求可以摆脱样本资料年限上的限制.     

基于混合遗传算法和积水入渗实验反求土壤水力参数

土壤水力参数是土壤水分运动和溶质迁移模拟计算的基本参数,因此快速、省时、精确的确定土壤水力参数有重要意义.本文建立了积水入渗条件下土壤水力参数优化模型,采用遗传算法与Levenberg-Marquardt算法相结合的混合遗传算法对其进行求解,并进行了数值实验和土柱实验验证.数值实验结果表明采用混合遗传算法求解积水入渗条件下的土壤水力参数具有较高的精度,参数优化精度与待优化参数的个数和积水入渗实验测定项目有关,当待求参数为rθ,,αn3个时,积水入渗实验中只需测定含水率和累积入渗量二者或二者中的任意一个均可求出参数值;当待求参数为rθ,sθ,,αn4个和rθ,sθ,,αn,Ks5个时,积水入渗实验需要测定含水率或同时测定含水率和累积入渗量方可求出待求参数,而仅测定累积入渗量不能精确求出rθ、sθ的值.应用上述分析结果,进行了土柱积水入渗实验,结果表明该模型可以精确求解土壤水力参数.因此,本文建立的土壤水力参数优化模型是正确的,求解方法是合理的,这可为高效求解土壤水力参数提供一个有效途径.     

畦灌水流特性与灌水效率的田间试验研究

分三种土质,不同畦田规格进行畦灌灌水试验,研究水流推进、退水过程、田间入渗、单宽流量、纵坡等对灌水效率、均匀度的影响。结果表明,土质、计划湿润层深度、单宽流量、畦田规格、纵坡对灌水效率的影响非常明显,求得值与规范规定值(0.90以上)有很大差距;利用田间双环入渗实测法求出土壤入渗参数,再用kostiskov入渗公式计算累计入渗深度与入渗时间算得入渗水深均匀系数。计算结果发现入渗水深达0.74 m以上。对畦灌来说,高均匀系数与高灌水效率才意味着高灌水质量。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.