Zr-4合金双轴加载中的非比例附加软化与附加强化

研究了不同应变幅比例加载和不同相位角非比例加载条件下冷变形渗氢Zr-4合金的双轴疲劳行为.结果表明:不同等效应变幅比例和非比例循环过程中Zr-4合金均表现为循环软化;非比例加载过程中Zr-4合金的循环软化程度要高于相同等效应变下的比例加载;相同相位角非比例加载随着等效应变幅提高循环软化程度加剧;相对于比例加载,相位角为30°时表现为非比例循环附加软化,相位角为90°时表现为非比例循环附加强化.     

非比例加载条件下铝合金的低周疲劳

通过对 ＬＹ－１２ ＣＺ铝合金材料在常温、拉扭复合比例及非比例加载条件下循环特性及寿命的实验研究，得出了用 Ｍｉｓｅｓ等效应力幅值的峰值随积累应变增加的变化来描述非比例加载循环时硬（软）化规律是可行的，确认了可以用等效应变幅值ｅ和最大剪应变平面上的正应变εｎ两个参数来描述非比例加载的疲劳寿命。     

多轴非比例载荷下镁合金AZ21的疲劳性能研究

镁合金作为结构件承受多轴复杂载荷,其失效形式多为多轴疲劳失效.本文在空气环境中对镁合金AZ21分别进行了单轴、纯扭以及多轴循环力学性能研究,揭示了不同加载路径下材料的变形主导机制.疲劳试验结果表明,在相同等效应力幅下,非比例加载路径下镁合金AZ21的寿命较单轴、纯扭路径显著降低.采用Basquin公式预测镁合金AZ21在复杂载荷下的疲劳寿命.通过将路径非比例度的概念引入到Basquin公式中,可合理预测相同加载幅值下圆形路径和菱形路径作用时镁合金AZ21的疲劳寿命.     

新的非比例加载低周疲劳寿命估算方法

利用对 316L不锈钢多轴非比例加载低周疲劳的试验结果 ,对现有的多轴低周疲劳寿命估算方法进行了讨论 ,基于 316L不锈钢非比例加载低周疲劳的微观机理 ,选择最大剪应变以及应变路径的非比例度作为损伤参量 ,建立了基于临界面方法的新的非比例加载低周疲劳寿命估算公式 ,利用新的非比例加载低周疲劳寿命估算公式对寿命的预测结果表明 :新的寿命估算公式对剪切型破坏的 316L与 316LN不锈钢及拉伸型破坏的 30 4不锈钢非比例加载低周疲劳寿命预言能力比现有的临界面方法精确 .     

6063铝合金的多轴比例疲劳特性及其微观机理

对6063铝合金进行多轴比例加载疲劳试验及微观结构观察,分析材料的疲劳特性及其微观机理.结果表明:随着等效应力幅值的提高,6063铝合金的疲劳寿命降低,材料的循环硬化现象逐渐明显,位错结构密度逐渐增大,位错由初步的交滑移结构演变为明显的迷宫状结构;使用MansonCoffin公式可对铝合金的多轴比例加载疲劳寿命进行准确的预测;位错结构是影响6063铝合金循环特性和疲劳寿命的主要因素.     

GH4169合金高温多轴非比例加载下疲劳断口特征

研究了总应变控制下比例加载和不同相位差(45°和90°)的非比例加载条件下GH4169镍基高温合金650℃双轴疲劳的断口特性.结果表明,比例加载时,裂纹在试样表面均匀萌生;随非比例度提高,裂纹萌生的数量明显减少.比例加载的断口表面有明显的撕裂条带,且沿径向扩展;而非比例加载时这些撕裂条带减少,相应地撕裂面增多,在相位差为90°时断口表面完全为撕裂面,且沿圆周方向扩展.在两裂纹扩展的交界处,发现有疲劳条纹,沿径向分布.在瞬间断裂区,随着非比例度的增加,韧窝逐渐加深,且撕裂面逐渐加大.     

多轴低周非比例加载下疲劳寿命预测方法综述

综述了近年来国内外关于多轴非比例加载下疲劳寿命预测方法的研究现状,评价了各种方法的优缺点和适用范围,并对非比例加载下的疲劳寿命预测方法的研究工作提出了展望和设想。     

高温多轴比例与非比例循环加载下疲劳寿命预测

利用薄壁圆管和缺口试样,在MTS 809电液伺服材料试验系统上对GH4169合金的高温多轴疲劳特性进行了实验研究. 实验采用对称轴向和扭转应变控制、比例与非比例循环加载,轴向与扭转应变的相位差分别为0°,45°,90°. 通过对薄壁圆管和缺口试样的高温多轴疲劳寿命特性分析,基于临界面方法提出了一个的多轴疲劳寿命预测模型,在考虑临界面上最大剪应变和正应变对多轴疲劳损伤贡献的同时,还引入了应力状态对多轴疲劳寿命的影响因素. 应用新模型对GH4169合金高温多轴疲劳寿命进行预测结果表明,该模型对于缺口试样和薄壁圆管的高温多轴疲劳寿命估算具有较高的准确性.     

基于临界面损伤参量的金属材料多轴疲劳寿命预测

对最大剪切应变幅模型、KBM模型、FS模型和MKBM模型4种广泛讨论的临界面模型进行了对比分析,统计了8种金属材料圆管薄壁型试件在173个应变加载工况下的多轴疲劳试验数据,验证了这4种临界面模型对金属材料多轴疲劳寿命的预测能力,讨论了基于临界面损伤参量进行多轴疲劳损伤评估和寿命预测时仍需关注的几个主要问题.研究结果表明:最大剪切应变幅模型和KBM模型能较好地适用于多轴比例加载条件下的疲劳寿命预测,而对多轴非比例疲劳寿命的预测结果一般偏于危险估计;FS模型和MKBM模型在损伤控制参量中引入了一个临界面上的最大法向正应力参数来反映材料的非比例附加强化效应对多轴疲劳损伤的影响,显著提高了对多轴非比例疲劳寿命的预测能力.     

多轴疲劳寿命预测及验证

以薄壁管试件为研究对象,分析了拉扭联合加载作用下的多轴疲劳应变变化特性·根据多轴疲劳临界平面法原理,以临界平面上最大剪应变幅、正应变幅以及表征材料总体损伤水平的非比例度为参数建立多轴疲劳损伤参量,结合MansonCoffin方程建立了多轴疲劳寿命预测模型·该模型考虑了材料总体损伤程度·模型中表征材料总体损伤的非比例度是加载参数的函数,与多轴疲劳应变变化特性密切相关·试验验证,预测寿命误差因子小于15·     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.