非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度影响因素分析

基于修正的Lajtai岩桥破坏理论,研究连通率、形貌节理起伏角、法向压力等因素对非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度的影响,利用人工混凝土模拟类岩石材料,并进行直剪实验论证.结果表明:非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度与起伏角大小成正相关关系,与连通率成负相关关系;其他影响因素相同时,法向压力越大,非贯通节理岩体抗剪强度越大.     

断续节理对岩体力学性能的影响

采用颗粒流数值模拟程序,建立不同节理状态的岩石试样模型,对其进行双轴试验模拟,从岩桥长度、节理长度和倾角三个方面对断续节理影响下的岩体破裂形式和力学性质进行了数值模拟分析.岩桥的破裂方式为翼裂纹扩展下的拉剪复合破坏,模型破裂大致经历了翼裂纹的扩展、次生裂纹的延伸以及岩桥的贯通三个过程,而且表现出明显的蠕变特性以及延性破坏.岩桥长度的变化对峰值强度和弹性模量影响较小;相比岩桥长度,节理岩样的力学特性对节理长度更加敏感.对于不同的节理倾角,岩石试件表现出不同的初始破裂形式,0°倾角岩样的破裂方式为翼裂纹的扩展和次生裂纹的延伸,中间岩桥没有被贯通,15°倾角岩样的初裂强度和峰值强度最大.     

共面断续节理岩体直剪强度特性模型

采用理论分析和模型试验相结合方法,对共面闭合断续节理岩体直剪强度特性进行分析和研究.引入法向变形协调条件,基于Mohr-Coulomb理论,推导共面断续节理岩体模型的直剪强度公式.模型试验表明:全应力-应变曲线主要经历了线弹性增长、节理面错动、次生裂纹起裂稳态扩展、节理面贯通破坏和残余强度5个阶段;剪切应力峰值和残余强度都随正应力的增大而增大,而变形特性随正应力的变化规律性不强;抗剪峰值强度随节理连通率的增大而减小,低连通率时强度下降速度慢;节理分布形态对强度也有影响,节理在两边分布的试样强度普遍高于节理在中间的;理论计算结果与试验值吻合较好,能较好描述共面断续节理岩体的直剪强度特征.     

断续节理岩体尺寸效应的数值模拟研究

基于细观统计损伤数值模型,通过统计宏观节理分布,建立包含随机节理的岩体模型。在不同尺寸的模型中,通过改变节理倾角、围压等,建立不同数值试样,试验研究岩体的节理倾角和应力水平对尺寸效应以及岩体力学参数的影响规律。结果表明:在随机节理岩体中,裂纹的萌生与贯通更容易发生在节理密集的薄弱面内,即优势破坏面;节理倾角对岩体的尺寸效应影响巨大,不同倾角下的节理岩体的特征尺寸与特征强度有很大差异,节理倾角β为60°、45°、30°时影响较为明显,β为75°、15°时影响较弱;模型尺寸为0.5 m×0.5 m时极限强度离散较大,随着尺寸的增加逐渐集中,整体的破坏模式由脆性破坏向渐进劣化转变,同时应力-应变曲线更加平缓;围压施加后,节理岩体仍然具有明显的尺寸效应,特征尺寸与特征强度均有所提高,降低主次优势破坏面之间的差异,会使更多裂纹在次优势破坏面中发育。     

压剪作用下节理倾角对类岩石材料破坏模式的影响

采用在水泥砂浆初凝前预埋云母片的方法制作含不同分布形态的充填节理试件,并对试件进行压剪试验,探究压剪复合作用下节理倾角对岩体破坏模式的影响及节理岩体破坏机理。应用RFPA2D有限元程序建立相应的数值模型,进行数值计算。试验和数值模拟结果表明:节理倾角对试件初始破坏时翼裂纹的产生位置和最终破坏形态都有显著影响;不同倾角的节理在不同程度上弱化了类岩石试件的抗剪强度,节理倾角为15°时抗剪强度最小,而60°时最大;节理倾角小于45°时,试件破坏所需剪切位移小于无节理试件破坏时的剪切位移,节理倾角大于或等于45°时大于无节理试件破坏时的剪切位移。     

不同压剪应力比作用下节理类岩石材料破坏模式的试验研究

通过对含充填节理类岩石材料试件进行变角度压剪试验,探究不同压剪应力比作用下节理倾角对岩体破坏模式的影响。定义削弱度,分析节理倾角对岩体抗剪强度的影响。研究结果表明:不同压剪应力比影响试件的初始破坏模式,最终破坏由过大剪切位移所致,并且节理倾角决定试件破坏后的形态;压剪应力比越大,同角度节理试件的抗剪强度越大;在相同压剪应力比下,与无节理试件抗剪强度相比,节理会削弱试件的抗剪强度,倾角不同,削弱度不同。     

节理倾角对岩体破坏特性影响的单由压缩数值试验

岩体中的节理通常会对岩体的破坏特性产生决定性的影响,本文通过对单轴压缩试验条件下含不同倾角节理的岩体试样破坏过程的数值试验,发现由于岩石材料的非均匀性,不合节理时岩石试样的宏观破坏主裂纹位置和方向不确定,具有一定的随机性,而且峰值强度较高;含节理的岩体宏观破坏时主裂纹明显受节理的影响,除节理倾角0°情况外,主裂纹均与节理的上下端相连;含节理岩体的峰值强度均低于不合节理的岩体,并且节理倾角60°以下时岩体峰值强度较低,而60°以上时峰值强度开始明显升高,90°时甚至接近不含节理的岩体.     

节理岩体的随机剪切破环

提出的节理岩体剪切强度准则,考虑了节理面、岩桥提供的强度分量和相邻节理面形成的起伏角提供的强度分量。讨论了节理面和节理岩体发生剪切破坏时某些关键应力状态必须满足的物理约束条件。此外,强度准则中的参数可以是随机变量,所以可以用于随机模型中的破坏概率分析和工程的风险分析。     

人工非贯通节理试样力学强度特征试验研究

岩体中存在大量非贯通的节理.节理的几何尺寸、空间分布形式和连通率的大小等都是影响岩体强度的重要因素.本文用理论分析和实验测试的方法探讨了含有非贯通节理材料的力学强度特征和破坏机理.作者设计并制作了含有不同预制节理的水泥砂浆试件,完成了大量实验室力学试验,获得了试样剪切强度参数C、φ值与节理连通率的内在联系.在实验的基础上进一步用断裂力学理论,分析计算在不同连通率和法向应力作用下,节理发生初始扩展和峰值贯通破坏的条件,指出含节理材料发生破坏时,其尖端起裂角随着连通率的增大而变大,理论分析与实验结果一致性良好.     

预置节理岩体锚注加固机理研究

通过应用室内力学实验,建立实验模型,模型主要对节理岩体、锚固节理岩体以及锚注节理岩体的抗剪强度和本构关系进行对比分析。试验结果显示:锚杆加固、注浆加固、以及锚注加固能够很好的提高节理试件的刚度和抗剪强度;从粘聚力和内摩擦角的增幅变化中,发现粘聚力的增幅大于内摩擦角的增幅。通过室内锚注试件的剪切实验和锚注节理边坡的控制效应,发现锚注加固可以有效控制节理岩体的变形和位移,同时对矿山节理岩体的控制和利用有理论指导意义。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.