基于非达西渗流的砂井地基固结解

采用考虑起始水力梯度的非达西渗流模型,修正了砂井地基固结理论.建立了相应的控制方程,并对其求解,给出了便于应用的显式解答,在此基础上研究了考虑起始水力梯度时砂井地基的固结性状.结果表明,由于起始水力梯度的存在,应力固结度最终将稳定在一个小于100%的数值上,最终的固结度随着起始水力梯度增大而减小.初始孔压也会对固结性状产生影响,初始孔压越大,孔压消散越充分,最终达到的应力固结度越大.但是初始孔压增大到一定值之后,最终固结度对其灵敏度降低.     

非Darcy渗流时饱和粘土的一维固结特性

采用考虑起始水力梯度的非Darcy渗流方程,修正了Terzaghi饱和粘土一维固结理论,并对初始孔压沿深度线性分布的情况用有限体积法进行了求解.计算结果表明,考虑渗流起始水力梯度时,地基的固结速度要慢于Terzaghi固结理论值,而且除固结系数外,渗流起始水力梯度、土层厚度以及初始孔压的大小和分布也都对地基的固结有显著影响.另外还证实,当主固结完成时,地基中存在一定的残余孔隙水压力无法完全消散,因此地基的最终固结度总小于1.     

考虑起始比降和井阻作用的竖井地基固结近似解

在传统竖井地基固结理论的基础上,考虑起始比降对土体内渗流的影响,建立新的固结计算模型,并推导既可考虑起始比降也能考虑井阻作用的竖井地基中渗流移动边界与时间的关系表达式及孔压和固结度的近似解析表达式。通过对比计算,分析起始比降对竖井地基固结性状的影响及竖井地基的孔压分布情况。研究结果表明:在存在起始比降的竖井地基中,渗流是沿径向和竖向发展,深度越大,孔压消散越慢,而在一定深度以下的土体将不会发生渗流和固结。因为起始比降的影响,土体中孔压不会完全消散,存在残余孔压;按孔压定义的固结度一直小于100%。最终固结度除与荷载有关,还与起始比降有关。     

基于非牛顿指数描述的饱和黏土一维非线性固结分析

在考虑半对数应力应变关系的基础上,引入非牛顿指数描述的非达西渗流模型,建立一维固结方程,采用有限差分法求其数值解,并与Terzaghi解答和Davis解答对比验证数值方法的有效性.据此,分析土体应力应变非线性和渗流的非达西特性对饱和粘土一维固结的影响.结果表明,非牛顿指数i0越大,土层厚度与地基平均竖向总应力的等效水头的比值越大,固结速率越低;地面荷载越大,孔压消散速率和地基沉降速率都越快,按沉降定义的固结度要略大于按孔压定义的固结度;压缩指数与渗透指数的比值越大,固结速率越慢;初始有效应力越大,固结速率越快.     

考虑起始水力梯度时双层地基的一维固结

文章针对双层饱和粘土地基,建立了考虑起始水力梯度的一维固结方程,并用有限差分法求解。计算结果表明,只要起始水力梯度大于零,地基的固结速率就慢于Terzaghi固结理论,而且当主固结完成时,土层中存在一定的残余孔隙水压力无法完全消散,因而土层的最终平均固结度小于1;另外,固结系数并不是决定双层地基固结特性的惟一土性指标,除渗透系数及压缩模量外,渗流起始水力梯度和地面荷载也都对双层地基的固结有重要影响。     

附加应力沿深度变化的砂井地基固结分析

基于等应变固结的假设,考虑附加应力沿地基深度的变化以及涂抹效应和井阻的影响,导出砂井地基固结偏微分方程,求得孔隙水压力和平均固结度的解析解.在随时间变化的预压荷载作用下,对把初始孔隙水压力和附加应力简化为沿深度梯形分布的固结性状进行比较.结果表明,对于深厚砂井地基,附加应力和初始孔隙水压力分布对固结过程具有明显影响,若按均匀分布计算,所得的平均固结度偏小.     

初始孔压非均布的饱和土一维热固结解析解

基于热弹性力学和饱和土固结理论,通过热固结方程的建立和求解,研究了初始孔压非均布时的饱和土一维热固结问题.利用有限Fourier变换及其逆变换,得到土层内部超静孔压、温度增量的解析解,并依此求出地基沉降、平均固结度的表达式.根据所得解编制计算程序,分析了饱和土的一维热固结性状,并与不考虑温度影响的传统固结解进行比较.结果表明,超静孔压随时间延长最终消散为零,但在热固结过程中可能会产生负孔压;地基沉降受温度升高的影响小于传统固结解;平均固结度按沉降定义和按孔压定义是不同的,其变化规律与传统的固结理论有较大差别.     

附加应力沿深度变化的砂井地基固结分析

基于等应变固结的假设,考虑附加应力沿地基深度的变化以及涂抹效应和井阻的影响,导出砂井地基固结偏微分方程,求得孔隙水压力和平均固结度的解析解.在随时间变化的预压荷载作用下,对把初始孔隙水压力和附加应力简化为沿深度梯形分布的固结性状进行比较.结果表明,对于深厚砂井地基,附加应力和初始孔隙水压力分布对固结过程具有明显影响,若按均匀分布计算,所得的平均固结度偏小.     

基于双对数压缩模型的真空预压非线性固结解

考虑真空荷载实际边界条件,引入对土体压缩曲线线性化的双对数坐标,建立了真空预压砂井地基非线性固结近似解答;利用模型试验结果验证了解答的可靠性,并分析了真空度衰减和土性参数对固结性状的影响.研究结果表明,考虑了真空荷载衰减及双对数坐标的解答计算得到的土体沉降、超静孔压与实测值最为接近.对于超固结土而言,基于变形计算的固结度随着压缩指数与渗透指数比值的增大而减小,随着真空荷载衰减系数的减小而减小;当压缩指数与渗透指数比值大于1时,正常固结状态中基于孔压计算的固结度随真空荷载衰减系数的减小而增大.随着压缩指数与回弹指数比值的增大,地基超静孔压消散速率也随之增加,沉降速率在超固结状态时随之减缓,在正常固结状态时则随之加快,土体由超固结状态进入正常固结状态的时间随之变长.     

直排式真空预压法下竖井地基的非线性固结解析解

针对现有直排式真空预压法固结解未同时考虑土体非线性和逐渐加载这2个因素的不足,基于竖井内的真空负压沿深度方向呈线性分布的假设,同时考虑堆载引起的附加应力随时间的变化,采用非线性渗透和压缩模型,推导直排式真空预压法下竖井地基固结的通用解。在通用解的基础上,针对瞬间加载、线性加载和多级线性加载这3种特殊加载模式给出详解。研究结果表明:土体的渗透指数与压缩指数之比(c_c/c_k)、最终有效应力与初始有效应力之比以及堆载随时间的变化会对直排式真空预压法下的竖井地基固结度产生较大影响;当c_c/c_k1.0时,最终有效应力与初始有效应力之比越大,固结速率越快;当c_c/c_k1.0时,最终有效应力与初始有效应力之比越大,固结速率越慢;线性加载和分级线性加载可有效降低土体中的最大超静孔压;土体中的最终超静孔压为负压,在数值上与竖井内的真空负压相等。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.