利用团簇的各向异性实现Te团簇薄膜的自组装

在实验观察到Te团簇薄膜有序生长模式的基础上，用Monte-Carlo方法模拟了具有各向异性的团簇在衬底上的生长行为，发现由于团簇的各向异性，将导致团族在局部范围内的平行取向排列，形成畴结构，畴的大小L(t）与退火速率和衬底温度有关，并得到该体系下的一个熔点Tm，这一研究表明，可以利用团族的各向异性实现和控制团族薄膜的自组装。     

室温电化学制备的SrWO_4多晶膜的团簇生长实验研究

采用室温恒电流电化学技术,在含Sr2 的碱性溶液中制备出了结晶良好的、形貌可控的Sr WO4多晶膜,研究了电流密度、电极间距和衬底的处理方式,对Sr WO4多晶膜的团簇生长的影响及产生的原因.SEM分析表明,在不同的条件下,多晶膜的团簇生长行为也会有所不同.实验结果表明电流密度是影响沉积膜形貌的最主要因素,当它降到0.05mA/cm2时团簇会消失,Sr WO4多晶膜呈现层状或近层状生长;电极间距也是影响沉积膜形貌的主要因素,当它达到4.5cm时团簇已经基本消失;衬底的粗糙程度也会影响沉积膜形貌,但相对于电流密度和电极间距来说,影响的程度要小得多.作者认为,生长团簇的出现是由于材料的结构特性、晶体生长的物理化学条件等综合因素的影响而产生的.     

铜团簇束在硅上碰撞沉积的薄膜形貌和方块电阻

用一种新型磁控溅射气体凝聚团簇源产生Cu_n~-(n是簇原子个数)团簇束,当团簇束分别在偏压V_α为0,1,3,5,10kV的电场中加速后,在真空中,沉积在室温下的P-si(111)衬底上,获得Cu/P-Si(111)薄膜样品。用AFM分析表明:当V_α(?)3kV时,团簇束成膜,膜表面的粗糙度比常规磁控溅射小,且随V_α增加,粗糙度减小。用四探针测薄膜方块电阻,经归一化后可知:团簇束沉积,当V_α(?)3kV时,薄膜方块电阻大于常规磁控溅射的方块电阻,当V_α(?)5kV时薄膜方块电阻已小于常规磁控溅射方块电阻;对于团簇束沉积,薄膜方块电阻随沉积偏压V_α的增加而减小。     

Fe团簇在Fe（110）表面上扩散和结构稳定性的分子动力学研究

采用嵌入原子势和分子动力学方法研究了Fe的小团簇（小于10个原子）在Fe（110）表面上的结构稳定性和扩散特性.计算结果表明体心立方结构的Fe表面,四原子和七原子团簇有较高的转变能和扩散势垒,说明这两种团簇比其他原子团簇更稳定和容易观测到.这两种团簇可能是薄膜生长过程中的临界晶核.研究了三聚体的旋转扩散和团簇扩散过程中二聚体剪切机制,发现二聚体扩散可能是Fe的小团簇在Fe（110）表面扩散的一种重要扩散方式.     

AuCu团簇分子动力学研究

根据D-B的嵌入原子法(EAM), 结合Johnson 双体势和Murrell多体势,对AuCu 团簇结构进行了分子动力学模拟.研究表明EAM 势函数可较好地描述非晶态合金体系.非晶态团簇形成中以多面体方式生长,无序态(采用二十面体及十面体结构)比有序态更稳定.     

GaAs团簇的理论研究进展及趋势

原子团簇因为其奇异的物理和化学性质,成为国际上最热门的研究对象之一,而理论计算半导体团簇的基态结构是团簇研究的热点.在此简要介绍团簇的概念、研究团簇的意义以及GaAs团簇的研究进展,进一步指出GaAs团簇研究的方向.     

钕团簇的原子结构研究

利用莫比乌斯反演对势和遗传算法获得了钕团簇NdN(N=3~20)的基态原子结构,给出了钕团簇的对称性,结合能以及最近邻原子间距.计算结果表明,具有Id对称性的Nd13团簇结构上最为稳定,Nd7团簇的对称性比Nd11高,但Nd11在结构上比Nd7更稳定,表明高对称性的团簇并不总是比低对称性的团簇稳定.     

纳米团簇淀积过程的分形聚集特征

采用惰性气体凝聚法获得非金属团簇淀积体。透射电子显微分析及动力学模拟结果表明：纳米团簇淀积体的生长、聚集过程对构成团簇的原子的热力学性质、团簇制备中的蒸发率和惰性气体气压及淀积温度等参数极为敏感。在团簇的淀积体中，随生长条件不同，将会出现不同的聚集结构。因此可在一定程度上定量控制团簇淀积体的聚集状态，获得特定的纳米结构图案。     

氧原子诱导团簇的磁性淬灭

基于密度泛函理论,研究了钛氧团簇的几何结构、电子结构和磁性.结果表明氧原子倾向于停留在团簇的表面.能量分析表明Ti7O团簇具有特殊的稳定性,与已报道的实验结果一致.当n=1～4,团簇的总磁矩保持为一个常数2;当n＞4,磁矩下降变为0.原子磁矩和电荷分析表明,氧原子是导致团簇磁矩的淬灭的主要因素.     

小Al-Ni合金团簇的结构

本文连用了基于紧束鳟模型的Gupta多体势,采用遗传算法研究了团簇的原子数目为13和19以及21的Al-Ni混合团簇的基态构形.将Al团簇中的一个或多个Al原子替其成Ni原子,Aln团簇的基态构形转化为象Ni团簇一样规则的,具有高对称性的结构.当替换的Ni原子数目增加时,混合团簇会形成一些复杂结构.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.