青少年特发性脊柱侧凸椎间盘胶原的异常代谢模式

探寻青少年特发性脊柱侧凸 (简称AIS)患者侧凸区椎间盘胶原代谢模式的异常 .实验组为顶椎为腰椎的特发性脊柱侧凸患者 2 0例 ,其中男性 4例、女性 1 6例 ,年龄 1 2～ 1 9岁 (平均 1 4 .5岁 ) .术前Cobb角 38°～ 90°,平均 60°.1 5例同年龄段先天性脊柱侧凸为对照组 .标本取自脊柱侧凸前路手术 ,取材节段为L1～L2和L2～L3 .该取材节段在实验组为侧凸顶椎区 ,而在对照组则为侧凸的下终椎区 ,胃蛋白酶 -乙酸 (0 .5mol/L)体系提取胶原组织 ,SDS -聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法及抗原抗体Western印记法进行胶原的分类和定量测定 .在GelWork图像分析系统中进行泳道的对比定量分析 .分别计算病变组和正常组纤维环和髓核中Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型胶原含量的均值和标准差 (X±s) ,并对正常组和病变组之间差异进行显著性t检验 .结果显示AIS椎间盘纤维环和髓核含水量与对照组相比显著下降 .Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型胶原在纤维环中的含量在AIS的凹侧明显低于凸侧且有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5) ,和对照组相比较 ,Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型胶原的含量也有显著下降 (P <0 .0 1 ) .Ⅰ型胶原在AIS椎间盘的髓核中有升高 ,而Ⅱ型胶原在髓核的凹侧凸侧没有明显的差异 ,但是和对照组相比较含量显著降低 (P <0 .0 5) .本实验所采用的胶原提取和定量分析方法具有直观性和精确性     

后路椎弓根钉系统治疗11例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸

目的:探讨后路椎弓根钉系统治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的短期临床疗效. 方法:对11例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者行后路椎弓根钉系统矫形内固定植骨融合术,术中采用徒手技术器械矫形原理对侧凸进行矫形,术后胸腰支具保护3个月.结果:平均随访20个月.患者术前冠状位胸弯Cobb角平均为52.64°,术后Cobb角平均为13.09°,畸形矫正率为75.13%,术前冠状位腰弯Cobb角平均为32.27°,术后Cobb角平均为7.45°,畸形矫正率为76.91%,术前顶椎旋转度按Nash-Moe法测量:Ⅰ度1例,Ⅱ度3例,Ⅲ度4例,Ⅳ度2例,Ⅴ度1例.术后0度2例,Ⅰ度5例,Ⅱ度2例,Ⅲ度2例.术后身高平均增长3.45厘米. 结论:应用后路椎弓钉系统治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸可以取得理想的矫形效果,三维矫形,固定牢靠,术后并发症少,腰椎失代偿发生率低.     

前后路联合手术治疗腰骶段脊柱结核19例的疗效观察

目的探讨前后路联合手术治疗腰骶脊柱结核的临床可行性及疗效。方法2006年3月-2009年3月我科采用后路器械固定、前路彻底病灶清除植骨的方法治疗腰骶脊柱结核19例,其中累及2个节段17例,3个节段2例;术前后凸角8°-21°,平均15.3°;所有患者均伴有不同程度的椎旁脓肿及椎管内死骨形成,13例伴有不H程度的脊髓和（或）神经根受压症状,Frankel分级C级5例,D级8例。结果随访6月-3年,平均24月。术后切口均l期愈合,结核无复发。疗效优12例,良7例。术后6月X线片检查示融合节段有连续骨小梁形成并通过椎间隙13例,2例术后CT扫描证实前方有假关节形成。融合时间6-8月,平均7．5月。术后后凸成角2°6°,平均3．1°。至末次随访时,椎间隙高度较术后无明显丢失。有神经压迫症状者术后Fhnkel评分均达到E级。结沦前后路联合手术治疗腰骶脊柱结核有利于恢复脊柱的稳定性、提高植骨融合率、纠正和预防后凸畸形,提高临床治愈率。     

一期前后路联合手术治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效观察

目的探讨前后路联合手术治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效。方法2000年1月-2010年1月采用后路器械固定、前路彻底病灶清除植骨的方法治疗胸腰椎结核25例。术前后凸角20°～51°,平均27．3°±2．6°;所有患者均伴有不同程度的椎旁脓肿及椎管内死骨形成,25例伴有不同程度的脊髓和（或）神经根受压症状,Frankel分级B级5例,c级10例,D级10例。结果本组25例随访16月～48月,平均（14．5±2．3）月。术后伤口全部一期愈合,后凸畸形均明显改善。患者平均Frankel分级上升（1．3±0．2）级,神经根刺激症状全部得到缓解。无围手术期并发症及随访期并发症发生。所有患者最终均获得了良好的骨性融合,无结核复发的病例。结论前后路联合手术治疗腰骶脊柱结核有利于恢复脊柱的稳定性、提高植骨融合率、纠正和预防后凸畸形,提高临床治愈率。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的骨密度变化及与血清IL-6浓度关系的研究

研究青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的骨密度变化及与血清IL-6浓度关系。选择特发性脊柱侧凸患者36例,男性6例,女性30例,年龄12～18岁,Cobb角34°～109°,且均为胸弯者;36名同年龄段正常青少年为对照,男性7例,女性29例,年龄13～18岁。应用双能X线骨密度吸收仪分别对其腰椎(L2-L4)和股骨近端(股骨颈、大转子、Ward’s 三角)的骨密度进行测量,并用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清中IL-6水平。结果显示特发性脊柱侧凸患者的腰椎(L2-L4)和股骨所测的3个部位的骨密度均明显低于正常对照组(P<0.001),血清IL-6水平与正常对照组相比明显升高(P<0.005),且特发性脊柱侧凸的腰椎和股骨所测的3个部位的骨密度变化与血清IL-6浓度呈明显负相关(P<0.001),而正常对照组腰椎及股骨所测的3个部位的骨密度变化与血清IL-6浓度无明显相关性(P>0.05)。青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者存在着骨密度的降低,且细胞因子IL-6过量分泌,此可能是引起特发性脊柱侧凸低骨量的重要因素之一。     

电视胸腔镜下微创脊柱侧弯前路松解术的初期临床结果

探讨电视胸腔镜在严重脊柱侧弯前路松解中的应用价值,并对其初期临床结果进行分析.2001年11月-2002年8月,共11例严重脊柱侧弯患者接受电视胸腔镜下前路松解,均为女性,特发性胸椎脊柱侧弯,年龄14～17岁.冠状面Cobb角90°～100°,Risser征+++～++++,松解范围T5～T12,松解节段5～7.术后行牵引二周再行后路TSRH矫形内固定术.术中出血量为100～150mL,手术时间180～220min,术后引流量520～650mL,引流时间48～96h,二期后路手术矫正率平均为58%.电视胸腔镜下脊柱侧弯的前路松解在不影响矫形手术效果的同时,能减少组织损伤,降低感染可能,减轻术后疼痛,缩短病人的康复时间.     

椎弓根钉技术在胸腰椎结核治疗中的应用

目的探讨单纯应用椎弓根钉技术结合横突间或小关节突间植骨治疗胸腰椎结核的疗效。方法2007年7月．2013年2月赣州市第五人民医院（市传染病医院）治疗18例胸腰段脊柱结核患者。受累椎体均在2个或2个以下。且病灶相对局限,无大的流注脓肿。均采用单纯经后路椎弓根钉内固定、横突间或小关节突间植骨术式治疗。术后继续抗结核治疗12～18个月。结果随访9个月～5年观察效果,X线平片显示手术区植骨全部骨性融合,脊柱稳定。植骨融合时间为3-8个月,平均5个月。无结核复发。结论对于病灶较局限的胸腰段脊柱结核．采用单纯经后路椎弓根钉内固定、横突间或小关节突间植骨的手术方式能够维持手术后脊柱的稳定性,促进植骨融合、防止后凸畸形的发生。     

前路椎体钉-棒加钛笼植骨矫治陈旧性胸腰椎骨折后凸畸形

目的探讨陈旧性胸腰椎骨折后凸畸形原因及前路椎体钉-棒加钛笼植入矫治后凸畸形疗效。方法对4例陈旧胸腰椎骨折后凸畸形者，行前入路椎体次全截骨，钛网植入，钉-棒椎体固定。结果术后随访4～10个月（平均6．5个月）。植骨全部融合，腰背疼痛消失，效果满意。结论前路椎体次全截骨，钛网植入，钉-棒固定牢靠，植骨融合快，是治疗陈旧胸腰椎骨折后凸畸形的有效方法；注重胸腰椎体骨折稳定程度判断和早期正确治疗，是预防后凸畸形的关键。     

一期前后路联合手术治疗脊柱胸腰椎结核

目的评价一期前后路联合手术治疗脊柱胸腰椎结核的疗效。方法我院2002年6月。2008年12月收治35例脊柱胸腰椎结核患者,病变均累计2个或2个以上椎体,合并椎旁脓肿32例。患者术前脊髓神经功能损伤20例,Frankel分级：B级4例,C级10例,D级6例,血沉尽可能控制40mm／h以下后手术,手术方式均采用I期后路钉棒系统固定联合前路病灶清除,自体髂骨或肋骨植骨或钛网植骨融合术,随诊观察患者术后神经功能恢复情况及骨愈合情况。结果平均手术时间（4．5±0．6）h,平均出血量（600±120）ml。术中4例发生胸膜撕裂,行术中缝合,放置引流,术后无并发症发生;2例手术侧大腿前内侧放射痛麻木,经治疗后逐渐消失,1例术后1月余出现复发,伤口不愈合,经再手术后治愈,无大血管、神经损伤,无死亡病例。术后随访3月-5年（平均17．6月）,骨融合时间平均6．5月,术后神经功能均恢复至E级,1—2月后血沉均恢复至正常,末次随访无1例出现明显矫正度丢失。结论脊柱胸、腰椎结核采用一期前后路联合手术,能同时解决病灶清除、减压、稳定、融合等问题,疗效确切,操作易掌握,对前方结构干扰小,是治疗脊柱胸、腰椎结核一种安全有效的方法。     

经口咽入路治疗斜坡齿状突型颅底陷入

目的 :探讨经口咽入路手术及围手术期的相关问题及经验总结。方法 :采用经口咽入路切除颅颈交界延髓、颈髓上段腹侧致压物的前路减压。结果 :3例手术顺利 ,术后症状逐渐改善 ,术中硬脊膜破裂1例 ,术后舌肿胀1例 ,口腔菌群失调1例 ,合并颅颈多种畸形后路固定2例。随防5mo至2a,恢复工作和学习各1例 ,1例症状加重再次后路植骨。结论 :斜坡齿状型颅底陷入的治疗唯有切除延髓、颈髓腹侧致压物的前路减压才是有效方法 ,经口咽入路是一种安全有效的方法 ,合并多种畸形颅颈不稳者需植骨固定     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…